{"id":8485,"date":"2012-02-27T19:50:06","date_gmt":"2012-02-27T17:50:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=8485"},"modified":"2012-02-27T19:50:06","modified_gmt":"2012-02-27T17:50:06","slug":"hidrolik-santrallar-ile-termik-santrallarin-karsilastirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/hidrolik-santrallar-ile-termik-santrallarin-karsilastirilmasi.html","title":{"rendered":"Hidrolik santrallar ile termik santrallar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hidroelektrik santral\u0131, barajda biriken su Yer\u00e7ekimi Potansiyel Enerjisi i\u00e7ermektedir. Su, belli bir y\u00fckseklikten d\u00fc\u015ferken, enerjinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc prensibine g\u00f6re Yer\u00e7ekimi Potansiyel Enerjisi \u00f6nce kinetik enerji (mekanik enerji) ye daha sonra da T\u00fcrbin \u00e7ark\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 generat\u00f6r motorunun d\u00f6nmesi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Potansiyel elektrik Enerjisi ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Fizik ten hat\u0131rl\u0131yal\u0131m, 1 kg l\u0131k bir k\u00fctle, 1 m y\u00fckseklikten d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nW (kg m\u00b2\/sn\u00b2=N-m=joule)= m(kg)*g( m\/sn\u00b2)*h(m)= 9.8 N-m lik i\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nNet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcs\u00fc 100 m olan bir barajda 1 ton suyun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nW= 1000*9.8*100= 980 000 N-m=980 000 joule(j) d\u00fcr.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nSu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc veya hidrolik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nBirbiri ile irtibat\u0131 bulunan iki su seviyesi aras\u0131ndaki kot fark\u0131na denir. Bir Hidroelektrik Santralda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ise \u00fcst su seviyesi ile \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f su seviyesi aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseklik fark\u0131d\u0131r. Cebri borular ve di\u011fer yerlerdeki kay\u0131plar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmazsa bu mesafeye net hidrolik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc diyebiliriz.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nYukar\u0131daki \u00f6rne\u011fi devam ettirirsek; 1 kWh= 3.600.000 j oldu\u011fundan, 1 ton suyun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f ;<\/span>
\n\u00a0980 000\/3 600 000= 0.27 kWh olacakt\u0131r.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nTersten okursak;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n1 kWh enerji i\u00e7in, 3.600.000\/980.000=3,67 m\u00b3 su harcamak gerekir.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n1 kWh enerji i\u00e7in harcanan su miktar\u0131na \u00d6zg\u00fcl Su Sarfiyat\u0131 denir. Net d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ilgilidir. Baraj su seviyesi d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcl Su Sarfiyat\u0131 y\u00fckselir. Yani ayn\u0131 enerji i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok su harcan\u0131r.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcl Su Sarfiyat\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u0130\u015f= m*g*h = Q*1000*9.8*h\/3600000 (kWh) oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re;<\/span><\/p>\n

Hidrolik santrallar ile termik santrallar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nHidrolik Santrallar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretimleri, kayna\u011fa gelen su miktar\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ve bir y\u0131l boyunca gelen su insano\u011flunun elinde olmay\u0131p tam kapasite \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya yetmeyebilece\u011finden, genel olarak puant santral\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Devreye al\u0131n\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan su rejimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcn, enerji gereksiniminin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu- ki buna puant saati denir – saatlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, enerjiye az gereksinim oldu\u011fu zamanlarda devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bir Hidrolik Santral \u00fcnitesi tam kapasite ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 100 MW g\u00fc\u00e7teki bir \u00fcnite bir saat tam kapasite \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 100 000 kWh enerji \u00fcretebilir. Tam kapasite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcrbin kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki su giri\u015f kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 tam a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve saniyede ge\u00e7en su miktar\u0131 en \u00fcst d\u00fczeydedir. Ancak, sistemden \u00e7ekilen enerji, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n devreye girme, \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re an be an de\u011fi\u015fir. Sisteme anl\u0131k olarak istenilen enerjinin verilmesini \u00fcretim \u00fcnitesindeki reg\u00fclasyon sistemi sa\u011flar. Reg\u00fclasyon sistemi, t\u00fcrbin kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki su giri\u015f kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na otomatik olarak h\u00fckmederek daha az su giri\u015fine paralel olarak daha az \u00fcretim yapar. Bu olaya sistemde frekans tutma denir. T\u00fcm elektrikli al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in frekans\u0131n, al\u0131c\u0131larda imalat s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirlenen frekansa – T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde 50 Hz -uygun olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nTermik santrallerin devreye al\u0131n\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fildirler. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 istenilen miktarda elde etmek insano\u011flunun elindedir. Devreye al\u0131n\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok verim kayb\u0131na u\u011frarlar. K\u0131zg\u0131n buhar\u0131n, enerji \u00fcretimine haz\u0131r hale gelmesi i\u00e7in kazanlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre yak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc [termik santraller ar\u0131za, revizyon, bak\u0131m vs. durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 24 saat s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere plan ve dizayn edilmi\u015flerdir.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nStator sarg\u0131lar\u0131nda elde edilen orta gerilim elektrik enerjisidir. Orta gerilim enerjinin \u015fehirlere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kesitli iletkenler gerekti\u011fi, bunun da olanaks\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fan gerilim Transformat\u00f6rler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Y\u00fcksek gerilim e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve elektrik iletim hatlar\u0131 ile \u015fehirlere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek gerilim enerji kullan\u0131ma sunulam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu kez de yerle\u015fim yerlerindeki Transformat\u00f6rler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kademeli olarak Al\u00e7ak gerilim e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek kullan\u0131ma sunulur.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nElektrik enerjisi depo edilemez ama su depo ederek elektrik dolayl\u0131 olarak depo edilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hidroelektrik santral\u0131, barajda biriken su Yer\u00e7ekimi Potansiyel Enerjisi i\u00e7ermektedir. Su, belli bir y\u00fckseklikten d\u00fc\u015ferken, enerjinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc prensibine g\u00f6re Yer\u00e7ekimi Potansiyel Enerjisi \u00f6nce kinetik enerji (mekanik enerji) ye daha sonra da T\u00fcrbin \u00e7ark\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 generat\u00f6r motorunun d\u00f6nmesi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Potansiyel elektrik Enerjisi ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Fizik ten hat\u0131rl\u0131yal\u0131m, 1 kg l\u0131k bir k\u00fctle, 1 m y\u00fckseklikten d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ; … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7,14],"tags":[4021,4022],"class_list":["post-8485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","category-dn","category-sosyal-bilgiler","tag-hidrolik-santrallar","tag-termik-santrallar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8485"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8485\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}