{"id":81831,"date":"2020-11-11T13:18:22","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T10:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=81831"},"modified":"2020-11-11T13:18:22","modified_gmt":"2020-11-11T10:18:22","slug":"4-sinif-sosyal-bilgiler-milli-mucadele-donemi-konu-anlatimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/4-sinif-sosyal-bilgiler-milli-mucadele-donemi-konu-anlatimi.html","title":{"rendered":"4. S\u0131n\u0131f Sosyal Bilgiler Milli M\u00fccadele D\u00f6nemi Konu Anlat\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

SOSYAL\u00a0 B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u00a0 DERS\u0130\u00a0 M\u0130LL\u0130\u00a0 M\u00dcCADELE\u00a0 KONU\u00a0 \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Mustafa Kemal 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te do\u011fdu. Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m, babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendidir. ( Selanik \u015fuan Yunanistan’\u0131n bir \u015fehridir.)<\/p>\n

2- MUSTAFA\u00a0 KEMAL’\u0130N\u00a0 G\u0130TT\u0130\u011e\u0130\u00a0 OKULLAR<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1 \u2013\u00a0 Mahalle Mektebi – \u0130lkokul<\/p>\n

2 \u2013\u00a0 \u015eemsi Efendi Okulu – \u0130lkokul<\/p>\n

3 \u2013\u00a0 Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi – Ortaokul<\/p>\n

4 \u2013\u00a0 Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi – Lise<\/p>\n

5 \u2013\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Harp Okulu – \u00dcniversite<\/p>\n

6 \u2013\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Harp Akademisi – Kurmayl\u0131k E\u011fitimi<\/p>\n

NOT: Mustafa\u00a0 Kemal ,1905 tarihinde Harp Akademisini bitirerek\u00a0 Kurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131<\/u> r\u00fctbesiyle orduya kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal’in ilk askeri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Burada \u0130talya ile yap\u0131lan U\u015e\u0130 Antla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, buradaki B\u0130NGAZ\u0130\u00a0 \u0130talyanlara verildi. Mustafa Kemal’de bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 B\u0130NBA\u015eI oldu.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra 1915′ \u00c7ANAKKALE’YE geldi ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n \u00c7anakkale’den ge\u00e7melerine izin vermedi. \u00c7anakkale Zaferi tarihimize alt\u0131n harflerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck destanlardan biridir. \u201c\u00c7ANAKKALE GE\u00c7\u0130LMEZ.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk Askerlere; \u201cBen size sava\u015fmay\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00d6lmeyi emrediyorum<\/u>\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7anakkale\u2019de s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130\u00a0 D\u00dcNYA\u00a0 SAVA\u015eI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitti. Sava\u015f 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u0130T\u0130LAF DEVLETLER\u0130 (D\u00fc\u015fman Devletler)<\/u><\/strong> : \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Rusya, \u0130talya, Yunanistan<\/p>\n

\u0130TT\u0130FAK DEVLETLER\u0130\u00a0\u00a0 (Dost Devletler)<\/u> <\/strong>: Almanya, Avusturya, Macaristan, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ( yani T\u00fcrkiye )<\/p>\n

1- Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130tilaf Devletleri yani d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z kazand\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ise Almanya kaybetti\u011fi i\u00e7in, onlarda kaybetti say\u0131ld\u0131. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda \u0130tilaf Devletleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re; askerlerimiz da\u011f\u0131lacak ve silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim edecekler. Bo\u011fazlar \u0130tilaf devletlerine verilecek. Haberle\u015fme, demiryollar\u0131 ve limanlar d\u00fc\u015fmanlara verilecekti.<\/p>\n

Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7ok tehlikeli ve a\u011f\u0131r iki maddesi vard\u0131. Biri 7. Maddesi; <\/u>\u0130tilaf devletleri g\u00fcvenliklerini tehlikede g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde istedikleri yeri i\u015fgal edebileceklerdi.<\/p>\n

Di\u011feri 24.Madde; V<\/u>ilayet-i Sitte\u2019de yani alt\u0131 tane Do\u011fu Anadolu \u0130li ( S<\/u><\/strong>ivas – E<\/u><\/strong>laz\u0131\u011f – V<\/u><\/strong>an- B<\/u><\/strong>itlis – E<\/u><\/strong>rzurum – D<\/u><\/strong>iyarbak\u0131r)\u00a0 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karsa, buralar i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerince hi\u00e7\u00a0 mazeret g\u00f6stermeden i\u015fgal edilebilecektir. ( SEV – BED , \u00a0\u0130llerin ilk harflerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.)<\/p>\n

NOT: Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda sonra \u0130tilaf devletleriyle SEVR ANTLA\u015eMASI yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak bu antla\u015fmay\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu imzalam\u0131\u015f, Ankara’daki Meclis kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I- Frans\u0131zlar <\/u>Antep,Adana, Urfa ve Mara\u015f \u00e7evresini i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n

II- \u0130ngilizler<\/u>; Irak, Suriye ve Musul’u i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n

III- Yunanl\u0131lar<\/u> \u0130zmir\u2019e asker \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

IV- Ermeniler<\/u> ise Kars ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n \u0130stanbul’u i\u015fgal etti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ” Geldikleri gibi giderler.”<\/u> demi\u015f ve 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131karak KURTULU\u015e SAVA\u015eINI ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal \u0130<\/u><\/strong>stanbul’dan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00f6nce S<\/u><\/strong>amsun’a sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla A<\/u><\/strong>masya, E<\/u><\/strong>rzurum ve S<\/u><\/strong>ivas’ta kongreler yapm\u0131\u015f ve en son A<\/u><\/strong>nkara’da 23 Nisan 1920’de TBMM’yi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal’in gitti\u011fi illerin \u015e\u0130FRES\u0130;\u00a0 \u0130SA – ESA ( \u0130llerin ilk harflerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.) Mustafa Kemal Amasya’da; yurdumuzun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumu ve kurtulu\u015f yolunu anlatm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca halktan m\u00fccadele etmeleri istenmi\u015f. Erzurum Kongresinde; vatan\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f. Sivas Kongresinde ise; milli cemiyetler tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f ve milli birlik ve beraberlik sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KURTULU\u015e\u00a0 SAVA\u015eINDA\u00a0 M\u00dcCADELE\u00a0 ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130M\u0130Z\u00a0 CEPHELER<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1-DO\u011eU CEPHES\u0130<\/strong>; Do\u011fu cephesinde Ermenilerle sava\u015ft\u0131k. Burada Kaz\u0131m Karabekir komutas\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sava\u015ftan sonra Ermenilerle 3 Aral\u0131k 1920’de G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve Ermeniler topraklar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ekildiler.<\/p>\n

2- G\u00dcNEY CEPHES\u0130;<\/strong> Adana, Mara\u015f, Antep, Urfa’ya Frans\u0131zlar sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki halk kendi imkanlar\u0131yla Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmi\u015fler. Frans\u0131zlar buralarda fazla dayanamayarak 3 Ekim 1921’de Anakara Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalay\u0131p, \u00fclkemizi terk etmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

3- BATI CEPHES\u0130;<\/strong> Bat\u0131 cephesinde Yunanl\u0131larla 5 sava\u015f yapt\u0131k.<\/p>\n

1- I.\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131 –\u00a0 Kazand\u0131k<\/p>\n

2- II.\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131 – Kazand\u0131k<\/p>\n

3- K\u00fctahya – Eski\u015fehir Sava\u015flar\u0131 – KAYBETT\u0130K<\/p>\n

4- Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131 – Kazand\u0131k. Mustafa Kemal’e Mare\u015fal ve Gazilik unvanlar\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

5- Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Muharebesi- Kazand\u0131k. Mustafa Kemal’in “Ordular! \u0130lk hedefiniz Akdeniz’dir, ileri!”<\/u> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bu sava\u015fta s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar yurdumuzdan tamamen at\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

NOT; Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 olan \u0130tilaf devleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131, sonra da LOZAN ANTLA\u015eMASINI imzalad\u0131k. Bu antla\u015fmayla d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 tamamen yurdumuzdan atm\u0131\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n

Kuvay\u0131 Milliye; D\u00fczenli ordu kurulana kadar, d\u00fc\u015fmanla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f halk taraf\u0131ndan kurulan d\u00fczensiz birliklerdir.<\/p>\n

Tekalifi Milliye Kararlar\u0131;<\/strong> Bu kararlar K\u00fctahya-Eski\u015fehir sava\u015f\u0131nda yenildikten sonra, sava\u015f\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in mecburen al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1- Her aile birer kat \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7orap ve \u00e7ar\u0131k verecek<\/p>\n

2- \u00dclkenin sahipsiz olan mallar\u0131 al\u0131nacak.<\/p>\n

3- Halk\u0131n elindeki silahlar d\u00fczenli orduya verilecek.<\/p>\n

4- Halk\u0131n elindeki araba ve hayvanlar\u0131 %20’sine sonra geri vermek \u015fart\u0131yla, al\u0131nacak.<\/p>\n

NOT: B\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flar bittikten ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z kovulduktan sonra, 29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet ilan edildi. Bundan sonra \u00fclkemizin ad\u0131 T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 oldu. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, \u00fclkemizin ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. 10 Kas\u0131m 1938’de Atat\u00fcrk vefat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

M\u0130LL\u0130 M\u00dcCADELE KAHRAMANLARI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hasan Tahsin:<\/u><\/strong> \u0130zmir\u2019de Yunanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ilk kur\u015funu atan gazetecidir.<\/p>\n

\u015eerife Bac\u0131:<\/u> Cepheye mermi ta\u015f\u0131rken hava karlan\u0131nca mermilere bir \u015fey olmas\u0131n diye battaniyesini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011funu mermilerin \u00fczerine koyarak onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00f6tm\u00fc\u015f, kendisi so\u011fuktan donarak \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131m Karabekir:<\/u><\/strong> Do\u011fu cephesi komutan\u0131<\/p>\n

S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam:<\/u><\/strong> Mara\u015f\u2019ta m\u00fcezzinlik yapan S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam ge\u00e7imini s\u00fct satarak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bir g\u00fcn 3 kad\u0131n ve boh\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu g\u00f6ren Frans\u0131z-Ermeni devriyesinden bir asker ; “Buras\u0131 art\u0131k T\u00fcrk memleketi de\u011fildir. Frans\u0131z m\u00fcstemlekesinde pe\u00e7e ile gezilmez!” diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p kad\u0131nlar\u0131n pe\u00e7esini a\u00e7mak istedi. Kad\u0131nlar bu arada ba\u011f\u0131rarak yard\u0131m istediler. S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam, yan\u0131nda bulunan silah\u0131 ile ate\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve bir Frans\u0131z-Ermeni Lejyoner askerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, bir di\u011ferini de yaralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fc\u015fmana ilk kur\u015funu at\u0131p Kahramanmara\u015f’taki kurtulu\u015f hareketini ba\u015flatan S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ali Saip Bey:<\/u> <\/strong>Urfa\u2019da kuvay\u0131 milliyenin liderli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f bir subayd\u0131r. Urfal\u0131larla birlikte Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 Urfa\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eahin Bey:<\/u> <\/strong>Antep\u2019te Kuvay\u0131 milliyenin \u00f6nderli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n \u015fehirdeki askerlerine yard\u0131m getirmesini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f fakat d\u00fc\u015fman yeni birlikler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f bu y\u00fczden askerleriyle birlikte \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rdesli Makbule:<\/u><\/strong> Bat\u0131 cephesinde E\u015fi Halil Efe ile birlikte bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda silah arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6ne at\u0131l\u0131nca ba\u015f\u0131ndan vurularak \u015fehit oldu.<\/p>\n

Erzurumlu Fatma<\/strong>:<\/u> E\u015fi ile birlikte 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131ld\u0131. E\u015finin \u015fehit olmas\u0131ndan sonra Mustafa Kemal\u2019le konu\u015farak bat\u0131 cephesine kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fevzi Pa\u015fa:<\/u><\/strong> Bat\u0131 Cephesi komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, taarruz plan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131yken ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Mare\u015fal r\u00fctbesi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

KURTULU\u015e \u00a0SAVA\u015eINDA KAHRAMAN\u00a0 KADINLARIMIZ<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. G\u00f6rdesli Makbule Han\u0131m,<\/li>\n
  2. Afet \u0130nan<\/li>\n
  3. Kastamonulu \u015eerife Bac\u0131,<\/li>\n
  4. Halide Edip Ad\u0131var,<\/li>\n
  5. Erzurumlu Kara Fatma,<\/li>\n
  6. Binba\u015f\u0131 Ay\u015fe,<\/li>\n
  7. Nene Hatun…<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    SOSYAL\u00a0 B\u0130LG\u0130LER\u00a0 DERS\u0130\u00a0 M\u0130LL\u0130\u00a0 M\u00dcCADELE\u00a0 KONU\u00a0 \u00d6ZET\u0130 Mustafa Kemal 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te do\u011fdu. Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m, babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendidir. ( Selanik \u015fuan Yunanistan’\u0131n bir \u015fehridir.) 2- MUSTAFA\u00a0 KEMAL’\u0130N\u00a0 G\u0130TT\u0130\u011e\u0130\u00a0 OKULLAR 1 \u2013\u00a0 Mahalle Mektebi – \u0130lkokul 2 \u2013\u00a0 \u015eemsi Efendi Okulu – \u0130lkokul 3 \u2013\u00a0 Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi – Ortaokul 4 \u2013\u00a0 Manast\u0131r Askeri … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sosyal-bilgiler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}