{"id":75568,"date":"2019-02-20T20:35:18","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T17:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=75568"},"modified":"2019-02-20T20:35:18","modified_gmt":"2019-02-20T17:35:18","slug":"ilk-turk-islam-devletlerinde-ekonomi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ilk-turk-islam-devletlerinde-ekonomi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde Ekonomi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde Ekonomik <\/b><b>Yap\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ilk-turk-islam-devletleri.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-75569\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ilk-turk-islam-devletleri.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"647\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ilk-turk-islam-devletleri.png 647w, https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ilk-turk-islam-devletleri-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri <b>tar\u0131mdan madencili\u011fe <\/b>\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik faaliyetlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu ekonomik faaliyetler, \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi <b>halk\u0131n refah d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fckseltilmesi <\/b>amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de; <b>\u201cHalk\u0131n zenginli\u011fi, bey\u2019in <\/b><b>zenginli\u011fi demektir<\/b><b>.\u201d <\/b>\u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri, sosyoekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan <b>geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde <\/b>kurulduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgelerde <b>zengin <\/b><b>bir ekonomik <\/b>yap\u0131ya sahip oldular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde ekonomik <\/b><b>faaliyetle<\/b><b>r;<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.<b>Tar\u0131m-hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/b><b>, <\/b><\/p>\n<p>2.<b>\u0130mal\u00e2t (zanaatsal \u00fcretim<\/b>)<\/p>\n<p>3.<b>Ticaret<\/b><b>olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r, <\/b><u>devlet <\/u><u>gelirlerinin<\/u> \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 <u>tar\u0131mdan <\/u>elde edilen <b>vergi gelirleri <\/b>olu\u015ftururdu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>K\u00e2\u015fgarl\u0131<\/b> <b>Mahmud<\/b> <b>D\u00eev\u00e2nu<\/b> <b>Lug\u00e2ti\u2019t<\/b><b>-T\u00fcrk <\/b>adl\u0131 eserinde, T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerindeki halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun <b>yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7ti\u011fini <\/b>ve\u00a0\u00a0<b>tar\u0131g\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/b> <b>(\u00e7ift\u00e7ilik) <\/b>yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Karahanl\u0131lar<\/b> <b>D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde<\/b>; T\u00fcrklerin <b>geli\u015fmi\u015f bir <\/b><b>tar\u0131m <\/b>k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>En \u00e7ok yeti\u015ftirilen <b>tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/b>; <b>bu\u011fday, <\/b><b>arpa,dar\u0131<\/b><b>, \u00e7avdar, <\/b><b>susam<\/b><b>, pirin\u00e7, \u00e7\u00f6rekotu, <\/b><b>sebze <\/b><b>(so\u011fan<\/b><b>, kabak, \u015falgam<\/b>) ve <b>meyvelerdir<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Gazneliler<\/b> de tar\u0131mda <b>sulama kanallar\u0131 <\/b>a\u00e7arak \u00fcretimi art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u00fcy\u00fck <\/b><b>Sel\u00e7uklular <\/b>da tar\u0131ma \u00f6nem vermi\u015f, yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 sulama kanallar\u0131 ile pamuk \u00fcretimini \u00e7ok geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019nda <\/b>ise durum biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fclkedeki <b>tar\u0131m<\/b> faaliyetleri, <u>\u015fehir hayat\u0131n\u0131n kenar b\u00f6lgelerinde <\/u><b>meyvecilik ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k <\/b>olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinin kuruldu\u011fu co\u011frafyalar\u0131n <b>madenler<\/b><b> bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olmas\u0131<\/b>, T\u00fcrk \u015fehirlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funun <b>demir, bak\u0131r ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f <\/b>e\u015fyalar\u0131n imalat\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir merkez h\u00e2line gelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bu \u015fehirlerde ayr\u0131ca <b>dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik, \u00e7ini, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve cam imal\u00e2t\u0131 <\/b>da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde <\/b><b>vergi ;<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.<b>\u00d6\u015f\u00fcr, hara\u00e7, cizye ve <\/b><b>zekat<\/b><\/p>\n<p>2.<b>Ba\u011fl\u0131 <\/b><b>beylik ve devletlerin <\/b><b>\u00f6dedi\u011fi vergiler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>3.<b>Kervanlar<\/b><b>, t\u00fcccarlar ve pazarlardan al\u0131nan <\/b><b>vergiler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>1. Zekat<\/b><b>:<\/b> \u00a0\u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halktan, belli bir say\u0131da hayvan\u0131 de\u011ferli maden, topraktan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve ticari e\u015fyas\u0131 olan ki\u015filerden 1\/40 oran\u0131nda al\u0131nan vergi<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0<b>\u00d6\u015f\u00fcr<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan vergi<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0<b>Hara\u00e7<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b>Gayrim\u00fcslim halk\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan vergi<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0<b>Cizye<\/b><b>: <\/b>Devletin korumas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda askerlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki gayrim\u00fcslim halk\u0131n erkeklerinden al\u0131nan vergi.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><u><b>Kad\u0131nlar<\/b><\/u><u><b>, <\/b><\/u><u><b>ihtiyarlar<\/b><\/u><u><b>, din adamlar\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar<\/b><\/u><b> bu vergiden muaft\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k,<\/b> ilk d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren T\u00fcrklerin hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olmu\u015f;<\/li>\n<li>Hayvan sahiplerinden <b>a\u011fnam<\/b> ad\u0131 verilen vergi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde <b>ticaret<\/b><b>;<\/b><\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f, <b>ticaret <\/b><b>yollar\u0131<\/b>n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlere sahip olma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, <b>T\u00fcrk Cihan <\/b><b>H\u00e2kimiyeti anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n <\/b>etkisiyle, T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde de devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li><b>Karahanl\u0131lar\u0131n<\/b> <b>\u0130pek Yolu<\/b>\u2019nun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlere sahip olmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n ciddi <b>g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi <\/b><b>geliri <\/b>elde etmelerini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><b>Karahanl\u0131lar<\/b> ticareti canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yollara <b>kervansaraylar <\/b>yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gazneliler<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>Hindistan Seferleri\u2019<\/b>nden elde edilen <b>ganimet<\/b> gelirleri ile geli\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ekonomiye sahipti.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0130pek <\/b><b>ve baharat yollar\u0131 <\/b>\u00fczerindeki baz\u0131 \u015fehirlere de sahip olmalar\u0131, Gaznelilerde ticari hayat\u0131n canl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri ticarette para olarak di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler gibi <b>dinar (alt\u0131n) ve dirhemi (g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f)<\/b> kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00d6rnek: <\/b>Beylikler D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde iyi bir koyun on iki dirhem, bir <b>ritl<\/b> (1kg.) bal, 1\/3 dirhem, Germiyan\u2019da bir mud (100-120 kg.) bu\u011fday on be\u015f dirhem fiyatla sat\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n ekonomide ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131l\u0131k, <b>Mo\u011follar\u0131n <\/b>yapt\u0131klar\u0131 <b>bask\u0131 ve ya\u011fma <\/b>sonucunda <b>yava\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0130kinci Beylikler <\/b><b>D\u00f6nemi;<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Beylikler, kurulduklar\u0131 co\u011frafyalara g\u00f6re; <b>bu\u011fday, arpa<\/b><b>, her \u00e7e\u015fit meyve, pamuk ve ipek <\/b>yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f ve <b>hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/b> yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0130hra\u00e7 edilen <\/b>mallar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda her t\u00fcrden kuma\u015f, pamuk, hal\u0131, ipek gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler yer al\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<li>Anadolu\u2019da dokunan <b>hal\u0131 ve kilimler, <\/b>sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fczelliklerle <b>Avrupada<\/b> \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde Ekonomik Yap\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri tar\u0131mdan madencili\u011fe \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik faaliyetlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu ekonomik faaliyetler, \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrklerde oldu\u011fu gibi halk\u0131n refah d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fckseltilmesi amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kutadgu Bilig\u2019de; \u201cHalk\u0131n zenginli\u011fi, bey\u2019in zenginli\u011fi demektir.\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletleri, sosyoekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde kurulduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgelerde zengin bir ekonomik yap\u0131ya &#8230; <a title=\"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde Ekonomi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ilk-turk-islam-devletlerinde-ekonomi.html\" aria-label=\"More on \u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde Ekonomi\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75568\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}