Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali birden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir olay de\u011fildir.Frans\u0131z \u0130htilalin\u2019e yol a\u00e7an geli\u015fmeleri Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n karanl\u0131klar\u0131nda aramak laz\u0131md\u0131r.Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131na dinin kat\u0131 kurallar\u0131 egemendi.(Skolastik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Sistemi)Avrupal\u0131 R\u00f6nesans ile kiliseyi kendi kabu\u011funa \u00e7ekilmeye mecbur ederek,bilimde,teknikte,k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ve g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131n her dal\u0131nda h\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek imkan\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir.Ancak R\u00f6nesans ve Reforma ra\u011fmen Avrupa insan\u0131 hala siyasi h\u00fcrriyetini yakalayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Avrupa\u2019da insanlar\u0131n siyasi haklar\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilme y\u00f6netime kat\u0131labilme,kendilerini y\u00f6netecek olan ki\u015fileri belirleyebilme aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netildi\u011fi Fransa\u2019da ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali ile Frans\u0131z insan\u0131 kral\u0131n mutlak otoritesini k\u0131rm\u0131\u015f,temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerini elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\tFrans\u0131z \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan fikir ak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri olan liberalizm;t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n e\u015fit olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m geldi\u011fi,her insan\u0131n anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7evedeki temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahip olmas\u0131 icap etti\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 benimser ve kral\u0131n yetkilerinin daralt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131,vatanda\u015flar\u0131n da y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eder.Liberalizm,ekonomide de benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\n Frans\u0131z \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ikinci fikir ak\u0131m\u0131 ise Liberalizmin(Ki\u015fi H\u00fcrriyeti),milletlere uyarlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fekli olan,bir devletin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan millet veya milletlerin h\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m geldi\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 savunan Nasyonalizm(Milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k veya Milliyet\u00e7iliktir)\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Liberalizm ve Nasyonalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile bask\u0131c\u0131,e\u015fitli\u011fe dayanmayan,devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Fransa\u2019da kuvvet yoluyla y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n Fransa\u2019da mutlak\u0131yetin sonunu getiren bu geli\u015fme,Avrupal\u0131 mutlak krallar\u0131 korkutmu\u015ftur.Frans\u0131z Kral\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri ya\u015famak taht\u0131n\u0131 iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmek istemeyen Bat\u0131l\u0131 krallar,\u0130htilal Fransa\u2019s\u0131na sava\u015f ilan ederek Fransa Kral\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yiyen bu fikir hareketlerini Fransa\u2019da etkisiz hale getirme yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir.Ancak cephelerde Avrupal\u0131 askerlerin,Frans\u0131z askerlerinden e\u015fitlik,\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi kavramlar\u0131 duymalar\u0131,olay\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.Avrupal\u0131lar krallar\u0131na y\u00f6nelerek,Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri onlardan talep etmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca 1815\u2019de Fransa ile sava\u015fa son verilmi\u015f Avusturya Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Meternick\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde toplat\u0131lan Viyana Konferans\u0131\u2019nda Avrupa\u2019da filizlenmeye ba\u015flayan e\u015fitlik,\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck fikirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ortak ve etkili m\u00fccadele karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Avrupa\u2019da krallar\u0131n iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in halka kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet kullanmaya y\u00f6nelmeleri y\u0131llar boyu s\u00fcrecek i\u00e7 sava\u015flara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1818-1848 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalar sonucunda Avrupal\u0131 halk,krallar\u0131n otoritesini yenmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece Avrupa\u2019da da mutlak\u0131yet\u00e7i devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 terkedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece Frans\u0131z \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131 \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019n\u0131n sonra Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n daha sonra da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n siyasi,hukuki ve toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir d\u00fczenin temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Bu d\u00fczenin dayanaklar\u0131;her vatanda\u015f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011fu,yasalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fit haklara sahip bulundu\u011fu,milletin kendi kendisini y\u00f6netmesi(yani demokratik bir d\u00fczen),bu d\u00fczenin temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen anayasalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131,devletin laikle\u015ftirilmesi ve milliyet\u00e7i bir niteli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n
\tFrans\u0131z \u0130htilali sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Nasyonalizm (Milliyet\u00e7ilik) kavram\u0131,\u00e7ok milletli devletlerin par\u00e7alanmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Nasyonalizmden en \u00e7ok etkilenen devletlerden biri de Osmanl\u0131 Devletidir.Frans\u0131z \u0130htilalinin getirdi\u011fi milliyet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f,Osmanl\u0131 Devletini \u00e7\u00f6kertmek isteyen d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 sonucu S\u0131rplar,Rumlar,Bulgarlar,Romenler ayaklanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.Bu ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak Osmanl\u0131 Devletini ekonomik y\u00f6nden sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi,siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan da b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Bu milletlerin \u00f6nce \u00f6zerklik,daha sonra da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131,Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin giderek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131z \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u00fczerindeki bu olumsuz etkisine kar\u015f\u0131n,bu olay T\u00fcrk \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin do\u011fmas\u0131nda etkin rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Frans\u0131z \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131 sonucunda az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 benimsemeleri,T\u00fcrklere de \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmi\u015f,T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck yani milliyet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur.Demokrasi,anayasa,\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi kavramlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131n\u0131 da tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f,T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucular\u0131 bu kavramlar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015f ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk Devletini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali birden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir olay de\u011fildir.Frans\u0131z \u0130htilalin\u2019e yol a\u00e7an geli\u015fmeleri Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n karanl\u0131klar\u0131nda aramak laz\u0131md\u0131r.Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131na dinin kat\u0131 kurallar\u0131 egemendi.(Skolastik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Sistemi)Avrupal\u0131 R\u00f6nesans ile kiliseyi kendi kabu\u011funa \u00e7ekilmeye mecbur ederek,bilimde,teknikte,k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ve g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131n her dal\u0131nda h\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek imkan\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir.Ancak R\u00f6nesans ve Reforma ra\u011fmen Avrupa insan\u0131 hala siyasi h\u00fcrriyetini yakalayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Avrupa\u2019da insanlar\u0131n … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,26],"tags":[159,37],"class_list":["post-740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-tarih","tag-fransiz-ihtilali","tag-osmanli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/75"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/740\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}