{"id":72426,"date":"2018-02-23T23:32:02","date_gmt":"2018-02-23T20:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=72426"},"modified":"2018-02-23T23:32:02","modified_gmt":"2018-02-23T20:32:02","slug":"osmanlida-toprak-sistemi-kisaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanlida-toprak-sistemi-kisaca.html","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131da toprak sistemi k\u0131saca"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>M\u00dcLK ARAZ\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 arazi sahibinin olan topraklard\u0131r. M\u00fclk arazi ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u015fri Topraklar:<\/strong> Fethedildi\u011fi zaman M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara verilen topraklard\u0131r. Topraklar, sahiplerinin m\u00fclk\u00fc say\u0131l\u0131r, isteyen topraklar\u0131n\u0131 satabilir, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabilir, vakfedebilir, miras b\u0131rakabilirdi. Topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyenler, elde ettikleri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn 1\/10\u2019unu vergi olarak devlete verirlerdi. Bu vergiye <strong>\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr<\/strong> denirdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Haraci Topraklar:<\/strong> Bu topraklar\u0131n sahipleri Gayrim\u00fcslimlerdi (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar). Bunlardan al\u0131nan toprak vergisine <strong>hara\u00e7 <\/strong>denirdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u0130R\u0130 ARAZ\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00fclkiyeti devlete ait olan topraklard\u0131r. Devlet bu topraklar\u0131 i\u015fletmesi i\u00e7in \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan ki\u015filere verirdi. Topra\u011f\u0131 iyi ekip bi\u00e7meyen veya \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00fcst \u00fcste bo\u015f b\u0131rakanlardan topraklar\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131r, ba\u015fkas\u0131na verilirdi. Ama\u00e7; tar\u0131mda \u00fcretimin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. <strong>Miri arazinin<\/strong>b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Vak\u0131f Arazi:<\/strong> Geliri cami, hastane, kervansaray, medrese gibi bilim ve hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, idaresi ve bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan topraklard\u0131. Vak\u0131f topraklar\u0131n\u0131n gelirlerinden vergi al\u0131nmazd\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ocakl\u0131k Arazi:<\/strong> Kale muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131na ve tersane giderlerine ayr\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndaki araziye denirdi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yurtluk Arazi:<\/strong> S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 koruma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda ayr\u0131lan araziye denirdi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mukataa:<\/strong> Geliri do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hazineye kalan araziye denirdi. Bu topraklardan elde edilecek gelir pe\u015fin olarak m\u00fcltezim denilen varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filere sat\u0131l\u0131r ve m\u00fcltezimlerden al\u0131nan paralar do\u011frudan hazineye aktar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sisteme \u201c\u0130ltizam Sistemi\u201d denirdi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dirlik Arazi: <\/strong>Geliri devlet memurlar\u0131na ve askerlere maa\u015f ve g\u00f6rev kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak verilen topraklard\u0131r. Dirlik gelirlerine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Has : <\/strong>Y\u0131ll\u0131k geliri 100 000 ak\u00e7eden fazla olan topra\u011fa denirdi. Padi\u015faha, divan \u00fcyelerine, beylerbeylerine, \u015fehzadelere ve sancak beylerine verilirdi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zeamet\u00a0:<\/strong> Y\u0131ll\u0131k geliri 20 000 ile 100 000 ak\u00e7e aras\u0131ndaki topraklara denirdi. \u0130kinci derecedeki memurlara verilirdi. Alaybeyleri, kap\u0131c\u0131ba\u015f\u0131, Divan k\u00e2tipleri gibi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0131mar\u00a0:<\/strong> Y\u0131ll\u0131k geliri 3 000 ak\u00e7e ile 20 000 ak\u00e7e aras\u0131ndaki topraklara denirdi. Sava\u015flarda yararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterenlere verilirdi. T\u0131marl\u0131 Sipahi\u2019ler gelirlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131yla atl\u0131 asker yeti\u015ftirirler, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da maa\u015f olarak al\u0131rlard\u0131. T\u0131mar sistemiyle yeti\u015ftirilen askerler, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururdu. T\u0131mar sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 topraklar <strong>Tahrir Defterlerine<\/strong> kaydedilirdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00dcLK ARAZ\u0130 M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 arazi sahibinin olan topraklard\u0131r. M\u00fclk arazi ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: \u00d6\u015fri Topraklar: Fethedildi\u011fi zaman M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara verilen topraklard\u0131r. Topraklar, sahiplerinin m\u00fclk\u00fc say\u0131l\u0131r, isteyen topraklar\u0131n\u0131 satabilir, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayabilir, vakfedebilir, miras b\u0131rakabilirdi. Topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyenler, elde ettikleri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn 1\/10\u2019unu vergi olarak devlete verirlerdi. Bu vergiye \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr denirdi. Haraci Topraklar: Bu topraklar\u0131n sahipleri Gayrim\u00fcslimlerdi (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar). Bunlardan al\u0131nan toprak &#8230; <a title=\"Osmanl\u0131da toprak sistemi k\u0131saca\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanlida-toprak-sistemi-kisaca.html\" aria-label=\"More on Osmanl\u0131da toprak sistemi k\u0131saca\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72426"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}