{"id":67575,"date":"2017-02-20T18:55:55","date_gmt":"2017-02-20T16:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=67575"},"modified":"2017-02-20T18:55:55","modified_gmt":"2017-02-20T16:55:55","slug":"mayoz-bolunme-nedir-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/mayoz-bolunme-nedir-ozellikleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme nedir? \u00f6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>MAYOZ B\u00d6L\u00dcNME NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E\u015feyli \u00fcreyen canl\u0131larda, e\u015fey h\u00fccrelerinin (gamet) olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u015fekline mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme denir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00dcreme ana h\u00fccrelerinde ve spor ana h\u00fccrelerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>Kromozom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya indi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u015feklidir.<\/li>\n<li>Hem homolog kromozomlar, hem de karde\u015f kromatitler ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>2n kromozomlu ana h\u00fccreden n kromozomlu 4 yeni h\u00fccre olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcr i\u00e7i kromozom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sabit kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Olu\u015fan h\u00fccrelerin kal\u0131tsal yap\u0131s\u0131 genellikle birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme t\u00fcr i\u00e7i \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mayoz sonucu olu\u015fan h\u00fccreler, n kromozomlu olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tekrar mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ge\u00e7iremezler.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ekirdek ve sitoplazma iki defa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu nedenle interfaz d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki evreler iki kez g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>MAYOZ B\u00d6L\u00dcNME EVRELER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme birbirini izleyen iki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme a\u015famas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MAYOZ I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nterfaz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmedeki haz\u0131rl\u0131k evresi ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profaz I<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7ekirdek zar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek\u00e7ik eriyerek kaybolur.<\/li>\n<li>Z\u0131t kutuplara do\u011fru \u00e7ekilen, kendilerini interfazda e\u015flemi\u015f olan sentrozomlar aras\u0131nda i\u011f iplikleri olu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n<li>\u015eekil ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 olan, biri anneden di\u011feri babadan gelen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 homolog kromozomlar yan yana gelir ve birbirlerine de\u011ferler.<\/li>\n<li>Homolog kromozomlar\u0131n yan yana gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu 4 kromatitli yap\u0131ya \u201c<strong>tetrat<\/strong>\u201d denir. Bu s\u0131rada homolog kromozmlar\u0131n karde\u015f olmayan kromatitlerin birbirine sar\u0131lmas\u0131na \u201c<strong>sinapsis<\/strong>\u201d denir.<\/li>\n<li>Sinapsis durumunda kromatitlerin birbirine temas eden noktalar\u0131na <strong>kiyazma<\/strong> ismi verilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 tetrat = 2 kromozm = 4 kromatit<\/p>\n<p>Tetrat say\u0131s\u0131 haploit (n) kromozm say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n<p>Tetrat olu\u015fturan homolog kromozomlar\u0131n karde\u015f olmayan kromatitleri birbirne sar\u0131l\u0131r, bu s\u0131rada karde\u015f olmayan kromatitlerdeki baz\u0131 genler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftir. Bu olaya <strong>krosing-over<\/strong> denir. Krosing-over ile yen gen kombinasyonlar\u0131 meydana gelir. B\u00f6ylece ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn bireyleri aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Krosing-over her mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmek zorunda de\u011fildir. Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmede \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi sa\u011flayan temel olay homolog kromozmlar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Metafaz I<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Homolog kromozomlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak (iki s\u0131ra) h\u00fccrenin ekvatoral d\u00fczleminde toplanarak kinetekor b\u00f6lgelerinden i\u011f ipliklerine tutunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Anafaz I<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Homolog kromozom \u00e7iftleri birbirinden ayr\u0131larak h\u00fccrenin z\u0131t kutuplar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7ekilir. B\u00f6ylece olu\u015facak iki h\u00fccrenin genetik olarak birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Telofaz I<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kutuplara \u00e7ekilen kromozomlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdek zar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek\u00e7ik olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li>Telofaz I sonunda \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fccre iki \u00e7ekirdekli olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sitokinez I (Sitoplazma b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ekirdek b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sitoplazma b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde ara lamel olu\u015fumu ile, hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde bo\u011fumlanma ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu olay sonucu 2n kromozomlu h\u00fccreden n kromozomlu, genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 iki h\u00fccre olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sinapsis, tetrat olu\u015fumu ve krossing-over sadece mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmede (mayoz I\u2019de) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Homolog kromozomlar\u0131n anafaz I evresinde farkl\u0131 kutuplara rasgele bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7ekilmesi, kromozom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve kal\u0131tsal \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MAYOZ II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mayoz I sonucu olu\u015fan h\u00fccrelerde kromozomlar \u00e7ift kromatitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu h\u00fccreler, DNA e\u015flemesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k evresinden (interkinaz) sonra bir daha b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme evresi mayoz II\u2019dir. Mayoz II, mayoz I\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ekirdek ve sitoplazma b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi olmak \u00fczere 2 evrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profaz II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ekirdek zar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek\u00e7ik eriyerek kaybolur. Sentrioller hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde i\u011f ipliklerini olu\u015fturur. Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde i\u011f ipliklerini sitoplazmadaki proteinler olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Metafaz II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kromozomlar h\u00fccrenin ekvatoral d\u00fczleminde karde\u015f kromatitleri z\u0131t kutuplara bakacak \u015fekilde yan yana (tek s\u0131ra halinde) dizilerek kinetekor b\u00f6lgelerinden i\u011f ipliklerine tutunur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anafaz II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u011f iplikleri kas\u0131larak kromozomlar\u0131n karde\u015f kromatitlerini sentromer b\u00f6lgelerinden ay\u0131r\u0131r ve z\u0131t kutuplara do\u011fru \u00e7eker. Birbirinden ayr\u0131lan bu kromatitler karde\u015f kromozom olarak da isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Telofaz II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kutuplara \u00e7ekilen kromozomlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdek zar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek\u00e7ik olu\u015fur. Kromozomlar tekrar kromatin a\u011f \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u0130\u011f iplikleri kaybolur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sitokinez II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ekirdek b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden sonra sitoplazma b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi bitki h\u00fccrelerinde ara lamel olu\u015fumu ile, hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde bo\u011fumlanma ile olur. Sonu\u00e7ta n kromozomlu d\u00f6rt tane h\u00fccre olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin I. evresinde homolog kromozomlar ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle kromozom say\u0131s\u0131 yar\u0131ya iner. II. evresinde ise kromatit ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in sadece DNA miktar\u0131 yar\u0131ya iner. Kromozom say\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MAYOZ B\u00d6L\u00dcNME NED\u0130R? E\u015feyli \u00fcreyen canl\u0131larda, e\u015fey h\u00fccrelerinin (gamet) olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u015fekline mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme denir. \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 \u00dcreme ana h\u00fccrelerinde ve spor ana h\u00fccrelerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kromozom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya indi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcnme \u015feklidir. Hem homolog kromozomlar, hem de karde\u015f kromatitler ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 2n kromozomlu ana h\u00fccreden n kromozomlu 4 yeni h\u00fccre olu\u015fur. T\u00fcr i\u00e7i kromozom say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sabit kalmas\u0131n\u0131 &#8230; <a title=\"Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme nedir? \u00f6zellikleri\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/mayoz-bolunme-nedir-ozellikleri.html\" aria-label=\"More on Mayoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme nedir? \u00f6zellikleri\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-teknoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67575\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}