{"id":67571,"date":"2017-02-20T18:53:40","date_gmt":"2017-02-20T16:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=67571"},"modified":"2017-02-20T18:53:40","modified_gmt":"2017-02-20T16:53:40","slug":"eseysiz-ureme-nedir-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/eseysiz-ureme-nedir-ozellikleri.html","title":{"rendered":"E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme Nedir? \u00d6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ata canl\u0131dan gamet olu\u015fturmaks\u0131z\u0131n mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yeni bireylerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na <strong>e\u015feysiz \u00fcreme<\/strong> denir. Gamet olu\u015fumu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6llenme de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme\u00a0\u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tek ata canl\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Temelini mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7e\u015fitlilik sa\u011flanmaz.<\/li>\n<li>De\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131ks\u0131z bireyler olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla \u00e7ok say\u0131da birey olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E\u015feysiz \u00fcreyen canl\u0131larda kal\u0131tsal \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ancak mutasyon sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1) B\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arke, bakteri, amip, paramesyum ve di\u011fer tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Ana bireyin belirli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>Temelini mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li>Olu\u015fan bireylerin genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 birbirleriyle ve ata canl\u0131yla ayn\u0131d\u0131r (Mutasyon yoksa).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2) Tomurcuklanmayla \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bira mayas\u0131, s\u00fcnger, hidra, denizanas\u0131 ve mercanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Ana canl\u0131 \u00fczerinde mitoz ile olu\u015fan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ferek yeni canl\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Olu\u015fan bireyler ana canl\u0131dan ayr\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131p koloni de olu\u015fturabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik sa\u011flanmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hidra, denizanas\u0131 ve s\u00fcngerler e\u015feyli \u00fcreme de yapabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Sporla \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mantar, plazmodyum, suyosunu, karayosunu ve e\u011freltiotunda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Sporlar baz\u0131 canl\u0131larda mayoz, baz\u0131 canl\u0131larda mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ile olu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7i\u00e7eksiz bitkilerde diploit ana canl\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudunda bulunan spor kesesinde mayoz ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da spor olu\u015fur. Kesenin patlamas\u0131yla \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan sporlar uygun ortamda geli\u015ferek monoploit canl\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sporlar, mayoz ile olu\u015ftu\u011funda sporla \u00fcremede \u00e7e\u015fitlilik sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7i\u00e7eksiz bitkilerdeki sporlar, gametler gibi monoploit (n) oldu\u011fu halde d\u00f6llenme yetene\u011fine sahip de\u011fildir ve \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bakterilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu endosporlar, \u00fcremeyi de\u011fil olumsuz \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan korunmay\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Vejatatif \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Geli\u015fmi\u015f bitkilerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen rejenerasyona (yenilenmeye) dayal\u0131 \u00fcreme \u015feklidir.<\/li>\n<li>Bitkinin \u00fcremeyle ilgili olmayan bir organ\u0131ndan (vejatatif organ) yeni bir bitkinin olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bitkinin, kullan\u0131lan organ\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitlere (\u00e7elikle, yumruyla, s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6vde ile) ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vejatatif \u00fcreme sayesinde, ana bitkinin kal\u0131tsal \u00f6zellikleri korundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u0131rk\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r, daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeni bir bitki elde edilir. Ayr\u0131ca tohum olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f bitki t\u00fcrlerinin nesli devam eder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. \u00c7elikle \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ana bitkiden kopar\u0131lan yaprak ya da dal par\u00e7as\u0131na \u00e7elik, \u00e7eli\u011fin geli\u015ferek yeni bitkiyi olu\u015fturmas\u0131na \u00e7elikle \u00fcreme denir. \u00c7elik olarak se\u00e7ilen par\u00e7alar gen\u00e7 dallardan al\u0131n\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, bu par\u00e7alarda mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rn: Kavak ve s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct dallar\u0131ndan yeni bitki elde edilmesi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Yumruyla \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Besin depolam\u0131\u015f toprak alt\u0131 g\u00f6vdesinden (yumru) yeni bitkinin geli\u015fmesidir. \u00d6rn: Patates yumrusundan yeni patates geli\u015fmesi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. S\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcc\u00fc G\u00f6vde ile \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya da alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcnen g\u00f6vde yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan k\u00f6k olu\u015fumu ile yeni bitkinin olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rn: \u00c7ilek bitkisinde \u00fcreme.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lale ve so\u011fanda rizom ad\u0131 verilen toprak alt\u0131 g\u00f6vdesinden yeni bitkiler olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 da bir vejatatif \u00fcreme \u00e7e\u015fididir. (Rizomla \u00fcreme)<\/p>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vejatatif \u00fcremede ana bitki ile yeni bitkinin genetik yap\u0131lar\u0131 tamamen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat fenotip farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenebilir (modifikasyon).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Rejenerasyon (Yenilenme) ile \u00dcreme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Organizman\u0131n eksilen par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131larak yeni canl\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcm \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli canl\u0131larda rejenerasyon yetene\u011fi vard\u0131r. Fakat bu yetenek, canl\u0131n\u0131n evrimsel geli\u015fmi\u015flik derecesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r. Bu nedenle rejenerasyon basit yap\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131larda \u00fcremeyi, geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131 canl\u0131larda onar\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Denizy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131ndan kopan par\u00e7alar\u0131n kendini yenileyerek yeni denizy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 (\u00dcreme).<\/li>\n<li>Kertenkelenin kopan kuyru\u011funun yerine yeni bir kuyru\u011fun olu\u015fmas\u0131 (Onar\u0131m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>UYARI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanda dil, deri, kemik ili\u011fi ve karaci\u011ferin rejenerasyon yetene\u011fi fazlayken; kalp, sinir ve g\u00f6zde bu yetenek yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme Nedir? Ata canl\u0131dan gamet olu\u015fturmaks\u0131z\u0131n mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yeni bireylerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na e\u015feysiz \u00fcreme denir. Gamet olu\u015fumu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6llenme de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme\u00a0\u00d6zellikleri Tek ata canl\u0131 vard\u0131r. Temelini mitoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olu\u015fturur. \u00c7e\u015fitlilik sa\u011flanmaz. De\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131na dayan\u0131ks\u0131z bireyler olu\u015fur. K\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla \u00e7ok say\u0131da birey olu\u015fur. UYARI: E\u015feysiz \u00fcreyen canl\u0131larda kal\u0131tsal \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ancak mutasyon sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. &#8230; <a title=\"E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme Nedir? \u00d6zellikleri\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/eseysiz-ureme-nedir-ozellikleri.html\" aria-label=\"More on E\u015feysiz \u00dcreme Nedir? \u00d6zellikleri\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-teknoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67571"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67571\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}