{"id":56459,"date":"2015-02-26T00:26:21","date_gmt":"2015-02-25T22:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=56459"},"modified":"2015-02-26T00:26:21","modified_gmt":"2015-02-25T22:26:21","slug":"4-sinif-sosyal-bilgiler-2-unite-gecmisimi-ogreniyorum-konu-anlatimi-ders-notu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/4-sinif-sosyal-bilgiler-2-unite-gecmisimi-ogreniyorum-konu-anlatimi-ders-notu.html","title":{"rendered":"4. s\u0131n\u0131f Sosyal Bilgiler 2. \u00dcnite Ge\u00e7mi\u015fimi \u00d6\u011freniyorum Konu Anlat\u0131m\u0131 , Ders Notu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aile Tarihi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aile tarihi, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fumuz ailenin ya da se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ba\u015fka bir ailenin ge\u00e7mi\u015finin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelenmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Aile tarihi olu\u015fturulurken ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmam\u0131z gerekir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile sahip oldu\u011fumuz bilgiler aile tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve tarihi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in bize yol g\u00f6sterecektir. G\u00fcncel bilgilerimizden yola \u00e7\u0131karak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru gideriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck annemizden anne, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fclerini dinleriz. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca geriye gidip bilgi toplar\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcresince foto\u011fraf, e\u015fya, belge de toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z. E\u015fya, foto\u011fraf ve belgeler ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 destekleyen unsurlard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011flam kaynaklara dayanmas\u0131 ve bilimsel nitelik kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ula\u015fabilece\u011fimiz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc unsuru de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Aile tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6ntemini kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcresince foto\u011fraf, e\u015fya, belge de toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z. E\u015fya, foto\u011fraf ve belgeler ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131 destekleyen unsurlard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011flam kaynaklara dayanmas\u0131 ve bilimsel nitelik kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ula\u015fabilece\u011fimiz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc unsuru de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Aile tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6ntemini kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarih Y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih, belli bir konu ile ilgili olarak, konu hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olan ki\u015filerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131larak bilgi toplamak, incelemektir. S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih, tarihin bir kolu de\u011fil, bir y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131rken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015famalar izlenir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Konunun Se\u00e7ilmesi<\/b><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lacak konunun belirlenmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, aile tarihi.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme Yap\u0131lacak Ki\u015finin Belirlenmesi<\/b><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kaynak olarak yararlan\u0131lacak ki\u015filerin belirlenmesidir. Bu ki\u015filer se\u00e7ilirken konu ile ilgili yeterince bilgi sahibi olmalar\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, aile tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken ailenin ya\u015f\u00e7a en b\u00fcy\u00fck bireyleri se\u00e7ilebilir (B\u00fcy\u00fck teyze, b\u00fcy\u00fck amca, dede gibi.).<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Sorular\u0131n Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaynak ki\u015fiye ya da ki\u015filere sorulacak sorular\u0131n belirlenme a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Sorular\u0131n \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin daha verimli ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar. Aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular sorulabilir:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ad\u0131n\u0131z, soyad\u0131n\u0131z nedir?<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131nda, nerede do\u011fdunuz?<\/li>\n<li>Mesle\u011finiz nedir?<\/li>\n<li>Anne ve baban\u0131z nerede do\u011fmu\u015ftur?<\/li>\n<li>E\u015finizle ne zaman evlendiniz?<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck anne ve b\u00fcy\u00fck baban\u0131zla ilgili hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anlat\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? (Ne i\u015f yaparlard\u0131, ya\u015famlar\u0131 nas\u0131ld\u0131 vb.)<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ocuklu\u011funuz nerede ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir?<\/li>\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken nas\u0131l bir evde ya\u015fad\u0131n\u0131z?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu sorular\u0131 geni\u015fletebilir, eklemeler yapabilirsiniz. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz konuyla ilgili sorular sorabilirsiniz. Sorular basit ve dolays\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclecek ki\u015fiye, \u00f6nceden s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verilmelidir. Randevu al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kay\u0131t cihaz\u0131, foto\u011fraf makinesi gibi ara\u00e7lar kullanmak yararl\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 not edilmelidir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ile ilgili farkl\u0131 notlar da tutabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu soruyu cevaplarken \u00e7ok duyguland\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ok\u015fad\u0131 vb.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda anlat\u0131lanlarla ilgili belge, e\u015fya veya foto\u011fraf olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorunuz.<\/p>\n<p><b>5. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede Elde Edilen Bilgilerin D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih y\u00f6nteminde bilgi elde etmek kadar onu d\u00fczenlemek de \u00f6nemlidir. Bilgiler d\u00fczenlenirken bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Ayn\u0131 konudaki bilgiler art arda yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Foto\u011fraf ve belgeler de ait oldu\u011fu konunun i\u00e7inde yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dil kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 Bir G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u0130\u00e7in<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ki\u015fiye \u00f6nceden konu hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriniz.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin sizin i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini ve amac\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Kay\u0131t yapmak i\u00e7in teyp, kamera gibi ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>Kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zdaki ki\u015fiyi dikkatle dinleyiniz.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yaparken nazik ifadeler kullan\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00d6\u011feleri<\/p>\n<p><b>Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir millete ait bilgi, inan\u00e7, davran\u0131\u015flar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ile bu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131 olan\u00a0 maddi eserlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc; din\u00ee ve mill\u00ee bayramlar, gelenek g\u00f6renekler, mill\u00ee k\u0131yafetler, el sanatlar\u0131, dil, tarih gibi \u00f6geler olu\u015fturur. Bu \u00f6geler nesilden nesile aktar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcr, b\u00f6lgeden b\u00f6lgeye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Dil:<\/b> D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok ulus vard\u0131r. Bu uluslar\u0131n her birinin kendine ait dilleri vard\u0131r. Dillerin, uluslar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finde belli bir tarihi bulunur.<\/p>\n<p>Dil, eserlerin nesilden nesile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn, cumhuriyeti kurdu\u011fu y\u0131llarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumunu kurdurmas\u0131 gelmektedir. Bu kurumun amac\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini geli\u015ftirmek, dilin milletleri birle\u015ftirici bir unsur oldu\u011funu T\u00fcrk milletine anlatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Destan:<\/b> Kahramanl\u0131k, g\u00fc\u00e7, sevgi gibi konular\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi halk \u015fiirleridir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>T\u00fcrk\u00fc:<\/b> Ezgi ile s\u00f6ylenen halk \u015fiirine denir. \u00d6zel durumlarda ya da ezginin, s\u00f6zlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesine g\u00f6re ninni, a\u011f\u0131t, deyi\u015f adlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Tekerlemeler:<\/b> Daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuk geleneklerinde yer alan ses ve s\u00f6zc\u00fck benzerli\u011fine g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanan s\u00f6yleyeni belli olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: Bir berber bir berbere gel beraber bir berber d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 a\u00e7al\u0131m demi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zler:<\/b> Dilimizde atas\u00f6zleri, deyimler, bilmecelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u2666\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b>Atas\u00f6z\u00fc:<\/b> Atalar\u0131m\u0131zdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan, belli bir yarg\u0131 i\u00e7eren, s\u00f6yleyeni belli olmayan, d\u00fcz konu\u015fma i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zlerdir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Deyim: As\u0131l anlamlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015farak yeni kavramlar meydana getiren kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilmeceler:<\/b> Do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131, insan, hayvan ve bitkileri, e\u015fyalar\u0131 konu alan, kapal\u0131 \u015fekilde soran, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlarla bulunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bayramlar:<\/b> Millet\u00e7e kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlerdir. Bayramlarda insanlar bir araya gelir, ili\u015fkiler kuvvetlenir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Din\u00ee Bayramlar<\/li>\n<li>Mill\u00ee Bayramlar<\/li>\n<li>H\u0131d\u0131rellez Bayram\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Nevruz Bayram\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Mevsimlik Bayramlar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gelenek ve G\u00f6renekler<\/p>\n<p><b>Gelenek,<\/b> bir toplumda eskiden kalm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle sayg\u0131n tutulup ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa iletilen, yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, t\u00f6re ve davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6renek ise bir \u015feyi eskiden beri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi yapma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Halk Oyunlar\u0131:<\/b> D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, ni\u015fan, asker u\u011furlamalar\u0131nda, din\u00ee ve mill\u00ee bayramlarda oynan\u0131r. Geleneksel k\u0131yafetler giyilir. Fig\u00fcrleri y\u00f6reden y\u00f6reye de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerinde, misafire kahve ikram etmek, din\u00ee bayramlarda b\u00fcy\u00fckleri ziyaret etmek, mill\u00ee oyunlar oynamak, s\u00fcnnet, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gibi \u00f6zel g\u00fcnleri kutlamak gibi davran\u0131\u015flar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler kanunlarda belirtilmez. Ancak toplumda uyulmas\u0131 beklenen davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Yiyecekler, \u0130\u00e7ecekler:<\/b> Beslenme bi\u00e7imi, i\u00e7inde bulunulan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, co\u011frafi ve ekonomik \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir. T\u00fcrk mutfa\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131r. T\u00fcrk mutfa\u011f\u0131 denince, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n beslenmesini sa\u011flayan yiyecek, i\u00e7ecekler, bunlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, pi\u015firilmesi, korunmas\u0131, yemek yapma teknikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>El Sanatlar\u0131:<\/b> insano\u011flu var oldu\u011fundan beri tabiat \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geleneksel T\u00fcrk el sanatlar\u0131ndan hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, kilimcilik, kuma\u015f dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, dericilik, ah\u015fap ve a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi vb. s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n<p><b>Giyim \u2013 Ku\u015fam:<\/b> Giyinme, insanlar\u0131n do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan korumak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemdir. Zamanla do\u011fal, toplumsal etkenlerle bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimde co\u011frafi \u00f6zelliklerin ve kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin de etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Giyim, toplumun \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tarihte T\u00fcrk Oyunlar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin eskiden beri oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlar vard\u0131r. Bu oyunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda da oynanmaktad\u0131r. Saklamba\u00e7, birdirbir, bezirg\u00e2nba\u015f\u0131 gibi oyunlar\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak verebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7evrenin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, teknolojinin geli\u015fmesi oynanan oyunlar\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken bez bebek, topa\u00e7 gibi oyuncaklarla oynarlarm\u0131\u015f. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde teknolojinin geli\u015fmesi ile \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit oyuncaklar, bilgisayar oyunlar\u0131 oynanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00d6rnek oyun<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>A\u00e7 Kap\u0131y\u0131 Bezirg\u00e2nba\u015f\u0131 Oyunu<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>iki oyuncu kendilerine birer ad se\u00e7erler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, biri \u201cElma\u201d, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cArmut\u201d olur.<br \/>\n\u00d6b\u00fcrleri bunu bilmezler. \u201cElma\u201d ile \u201cArmut\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 durarak el ele tutu\u015furlar. Oyuncular<br \/>\ns\u0131rayla onlar\u0131n kollar\u0131 alt\u0131ndan oyunun \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ge\u00e7erler:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA\u00e7 kap\u0131y\u0131 bezirg\u00e2nba\u015f\u0131, bezirg\u00e2nba\u015f\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Kap\u0131 hakk\u0131 ne verirsin? Ne verirsin?<\/p>\n<p>Arkamdaki yadig\u00e2r olsun, yadig\u00e2r olsun!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u015eark\u0131n\u0131n son hecesine rastlayan oyuncu tutularak usulca, \u201cElma m\u0131, armut mu?\u201d diye<br \/>\nsorulur ve hangisini se\u00e7erse onun ard\u0131na ge\u00e7er. B\u00fct\u00fcn oyuncular\u0131n bu se\u00e7imi yapmas\u0131ndan<br \/>\nsonra ortaya bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekilir. Gruplar kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek \u00e7eki\u015fmeye ba\u015flarlar. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc grup<br \/>\noyunu kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00d6\u011feleri ve De\u011fi\u015fim<\/p>\n<p>Mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6geleri toplumu yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde kurulmu\u015f olan eski medeniyetlerin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve onlardan kalan eserler de mill\u00ee de\u011ferlerimizdir. \u00d6zellikle Anadolu\u2019da Sel\u00e7uklular, Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015f de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrde ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da mimari eser vard\u0131r. Bu eserler, en de\u011ferli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu miras\u0131n en belirgin \u00f6rnekleri k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, saraylar, camiler, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar, k\u00f6\u015fkler, \u00e7e\u015fmeler olarak s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Toplumlarda teknoloji, ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de etkilemektedir. K\u00fclt\u00fcr, nesilden nesile de\u011fi\u015ferek aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n en somut \u00f6rne\u011fi mimari alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerde \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleri olan eski binalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu binalar onar\u0131m ve restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir milletin en de\u011ferli varl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6\u011feleridir. T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7leri olarak bizler bu \u00f6geleri tan\u0131mal\u0131, ya\u015fatmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu hem birey olarak hem de millet olarak kimli\u011fimizi korumak i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p>Cumhuriyete Nas\u0131l Kavu\u015ftuk?<\/p>\n<p><b>MONDROS ATE\u015eKES ANLA\u015eMASI Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osman Bey taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. K\u0131sa zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek Anadolu\u2019da T\u00fcrk siyasi birli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Balkanlarda da geli\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerinden biri h\u00e2line geldi. Ancak zaman i\u00e7erisinde b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin getirdi\u011fi asker\u00ee, siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlara kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulunamad\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden, devletin zay\u0131flamas\u0131na ve gerilemesine engel olunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Avrupa devletleri gibi birtak\u0131m yenilik hareketlerine giri\u015fti ise de pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Frans\u0131z ihtilali b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya devletlerini oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni de etkiledi. E\u015fitlik, h\u00fcrriyet, adalet ve milliyet\u00e7ilik fikirleri h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde ya\u015fayan pek \u00e7ok millet, milliyet\u00e7ilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin etkisi ile ayakland\u0131. Bu olaylar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta zay\u0131flamas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde demokratikle\u015fme hareketleri ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile me\u015frutiyet y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ildi (1876). Ancak bu y\u00f6netim uzun s\u00fcrmedi. 1908\u2019de me\u015frutiyet, ikinci kez ilan edildi. Bu da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni y\u0131k\u0131lmaktan kurtaramad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Trablusgarp ve Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131nda u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilgilerle toprak kaybetmeye devam eden Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na girmek zorunda kald\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, bu sava\u015fta itilaf Devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131, ittifak Devletlerinin yan\u0131nda sava\u015ft\u0131. Fakat sava\u015ftan yenik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(30 Ekim 1918)<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ittifak Devletleri ile birlikte girdi\u011fi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca itilaf Devletleri ile a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar i\u00e7eren Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalamak zorunda kald\u0131. 30 Ekim 1918\u2019de Limni adas\u0131n\u0131n Mondros Liman\u0131\u2019nda ate\u015fkes imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ate\u015fkese g\u00f6re,<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>istanbul ve \u00c7anakkale bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndaki istihk\u00e2mlar itilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edebilecekti.<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011fazlar b\u00fct\u00fcn gemilere a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Osmanl\u0131 ordusu terhis edilecek, silahlar\u0131 galip devletlere teslim edilecek,.<\/li>\n<li>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin t\u00fcm haberle\u015fme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 galip devletlere b\u0131rak\u0131lacak,<\/li>\n<li>itilaf Devletleri g\u00fcvenliklerini tehlikeye sokacak bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin herhangi bir topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal edecekti (7. madde).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ate\u015fkesin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anodolu ile Rumeli\u2019nin ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesiliyor,<\/li>\n<li>istanbul\u2019un g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor,<\/li>\n<li>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bo\u011fazlar \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fi sona eriyordu.<\/li>\n<li>Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmesi ile devletin savunma g\u00fcc\u00fc kalm\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u201cistihk\u00e2m:<\/b> D\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapmak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yer.<\/p>\n<p>Ate\u015fkesin en \u00f6nemli maddesi ise galip devletlerin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde istedikleri yeri i\u015fgal edebilmelerini sa\u011flayan maddeydi. Bu maddeye dayanan galip devletler Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fmak istediler.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Durumu<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Padi\u015fah ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet, milletin haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunacak durumda de\u011fildi. Padi\u015fah, galip devletlerin \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funa ve onlarla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu. Bu durum galip devletlerin yurdumuzu i\u015fgalini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fgaller;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>13 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin ortak donanmas\u0131 istanbul \u00f6nlerine geldi.<\/li>\n<li>ingilizler; Antep, Urfa, Mara\u015f ve Musul\u2019u i\u015fgal edip Samsun ve Merzifon\u2019a asker\u00ee birlikler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar (ingilizler daha sonra Urfa, Antep ve Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131 Frans\u0131zlara b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.).<\/li>\n<li>Frans\u0131zlar, Adana ve \u00e7evresini i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/li>\n<li>italyanlar ise Antalya ve Konya y\u00f6resini i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/li>\n<li>Yunanl\u0131lar, ingilizlerin yard\u0131m\u0131 ile \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgal ettiler (15 May\u0131s 1919).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>itilaf Devletlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fgalleri Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Padi\u015fah ve Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (Sadrazam ve Bakanlar) bu olaylara seyirci kal\u0131yor, i\u015fgalleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00fcrk Halk\u0131 Ne Yapt\u0131?<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vatan\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce ulusal dernekler (mill\u00ee cemiyetler) kurdular.<\/li>\n<li>Sonra yine vatan\u0131 kurtarmak ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015famak i\u00e7in Kuvay\u0131milliye (Mill\u00ee Kuvvetler) ad\u0131 verilen birlikler olu\u015fturuldu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kuvay\u0131 milliye Birliklerinin \u00d6zellikleri<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00fczenli bir ordu de\u011fildi; yurdun kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildi.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fczenli ordunun kurulu\u015funa kadar TBMM\u2019ye zaman kazand\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcney Cephesi\u2019nde tek ba\u015flar\u0131na Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 yenmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li>Ancak yurdumuzu d\u00fc\u015fmanlardan tamamen kurtarmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli bir orduya<br \/>\ngereksinim vard\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">1. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Samsun\u2019a \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal\u2019e g\u00f6re tek \u00e7are T\u00fcrk milletinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc harekete ge\u00e7irip yeni bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurmakt\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in g\u00f6revi Samsun ve \u00e7evresinde Pontus\u00e7u Rumlar\u0131n T\u00fcrklere sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek Samsun\u2019un i\u015fgalini \u00f6nlemekti.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal\u2019in amac\u0131 da Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7ip i\u015fgalci devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesini ba\u015flatmakt\u0131. Mustafa Kemal 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine atand\u0131. Samsun\u2019da birlik ve beraberli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131. Emirler verdi, toplant\u0131lar yapt\u0131, i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 mitingler d\u00fczenlenmesini istedi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mill\u00ee Bilincin G\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Genelgeler<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Amasya Genelgesi (22 Haziran 1919)<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal Samsun\u2019dan Havza\u2019ya, oradan Amasya\u2019ya geldi. Burada Rauf Bey, Refet Bey ve Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa ile birlikte Amasya Genelgesi\u2019ni yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar. Genelge ile T\u00fcrk milletini m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><b>Genelgenin Maddeleri<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikededir.<\/li>\n<li>istanbul\u2019daki h\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00fczerine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fun gereklerini yerine getirememektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yine milletin azim ve karar\u0131 kurtaracakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Milletin haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in mill\u00ee bir kurulun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li>Sivas\u2019ta mill\u00ee bir kongre toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bu kongereye halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin se\u00e7ilip temsilci olarak g\u00f6nderilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Genelgenin \u00d6nemi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genelge, kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin gerek\u00e7esini, amac\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fccadelenin millet\u00e7e kazan\u0131labilece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk milletine egemenli\u011fi ele alma konusunda \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Genelge padi\u015faha kar\u015f\u0131 bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu nedenle padi\u015fah Mustafa Kemal\u2019i geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Fakat o geri d\u00f6nmeyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Kongreler<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Erzurum Kongresi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(23 Temmuz \u2013 5 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>itilaf Devletleri yurdumuzu payla\u015f\u0131rken Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019yu Ermenilere vermek istemi\u015flerdi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Do\u011fu Anadolu halk\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in Do\u011fu Anadolu Haklar\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Koruma Derne\u011fini kurdu. Dernek, Erzurum\u2019da d\u00fczenledi\u011fi kongreye Mustafa Kemal\u2019i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal Erzurum\u2019da 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011finden ve askerlik g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>23 Temmuz 1919\u2019da toplanan kongrede ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa Mustafa Kemal se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde Al\u0131nan Kararlar<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde vatan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr, b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez.<\/li>\n<li>Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgale, millet birlikte kar\u015f\u0131 koyacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Vatan\u0131n ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131na Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmezse, ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Mill\u00ee meclis, hemen toplanmal\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015flerini denetlemelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Kongre sonunda Mustafa Kemal\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir Temsil Heyeti se\u00e7ildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00d6nemi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Kongre toplan\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00f6resel, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ulusal bir kongredir. Kongre kararlar\u0131ndan ulusal bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma ve ulusal egemenli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Sivas Kongresi (4 -11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919)<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kongrenin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 Amasya Genelgesi ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kongre b\u00fct\u00fcn yurdun birli\u011fini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Kongre ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yine Mustafa Kemal se\u00e7ildi. Kongrede en \u00e7ok ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkenin koruyuculu\u011fu alt\u0131na girme konusu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve kabul edilmedi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Sivas Kongresi\u2019nde Al\u0131nan Kararlar<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlar aynen kabul edildi.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fct\u00fcn ulusal dernekler Anadolu ve Rumeli\u2019nin Haklar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirildi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kongrenin sonunda Mustafa Kemal\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir Temsil Heyeti se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n<p>Sivas Kongresi toplanma bi\u00e7imi ve al\u0131nan kararlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ulusal bir kongredir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yurdumuzun her yerinden gelen delegelerle topland\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu kongrede yurdumuzun tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Sivas Kongresi\u2019nden Sonraki Geli\u015fmeler<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sivas Kongresi\u2019nden sonra her \u015feye ra\u011fmen Mustafa Kemal kongrenin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131 padi\u015faha bildirmek istedi. Sadrazam Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n engellemesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca istanbul ile Anadolu\u2019nun ili\u015fkisini kesti ve Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa istifa etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelen Ali R\u0131za Pa\u015fa H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Temsil Heyeti ile anla\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. <b>Amasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri (20 \u2013 22 Ekim 1919) <\/b>istanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin temsilcisi Salih Pa\u015fa ile Mustafa Kemal Amasya\u2019da bir araya gelerek kararlar ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Temsil Heyetini tan\u0131yacak, T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Mill\u00ee Meclis g\u00fcvenilir bir yerde toplanacakt\u0131. <b>\u00d6nemi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>istanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Erzurum ve Sivas Kongresi\u2019nin kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ediyordu. Yine istanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Temsil Heyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal, 27 Aral\u0131k 1919\u2019da Ankara\u2019ya geldi. istanbul\u2019a gidecek milletvekilleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Milletvekillerine mecliste yapmalar\u0131 gereken i\u015fleri anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ankara haberle\u015fme ve ula\u015f\u0131m olanaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir merkezdi. Ayr\u0131ca Anadolu\u2019daki cephelere yak\u0131n ve g\u00fcvenli konumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Samsun\u2019a ayak bast\u0131ktan sonra Anadolu\u2019da gitti\u011fi yerler:<\/p>\n<p>Samsun (19 May\u0131s 1919), Havza, Amasya (Amasya Genelgesi, 22 Haziran 1919), Erzurum (Erzurum Kongresi, 23 Temmuz 1919), Sivas (Sivas Kongresi, 4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919), Ankara (27 Aral\u0131k 1919)<\/p>\n<p><b>c. Misak\u0131mill\u00ee (Ulusal Ant) ve \u00d6nemi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>ikinci Me\u015frutiyet ile kurulan Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi\u2019ni padi\u015fah, Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle padi\u015fah\u0131n ve Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fbmeti\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler denetlenemiyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Erzurum ve Sivas kongrelerinde meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kararlar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Amasya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri\u2019nde de istanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bunu kabul etmi\u015fti. Mustafa Kemal meclisin Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcvenli bir yerinde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve padi\u015fah meclisin istanbul\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verince Mustafa Kemal milletvekilleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in Ankara\u2019ya geldi.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Mebuslar Meclisi 12 Ocak 1920\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da topland\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 milletvekilleri mecliste bir grup olu\u015fturarak Mustafa Kemal\u2019in kendilerine verdi\u011fi ilkeler do\u011frultusunda bir bildiri haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar (28 Ocak 1920). Buna tarihimizde Misak\u0131mill\u00ee (Mill\u00ee Ant.), Ulusal Yemin ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n<p><b>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee Kararlar\u0131<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131radaki T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Mill\u00ee ve ekonomik geli\u015fmemizi engelleyen ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yurdumuzdaki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n haklar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bulunan insanlar\u0131m\u0131za verilen haklar kadar olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00d6nemi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izildi. \u0130\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Misak\u0131mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019m\u0131z\u0131n program\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Misak\u0131mill\u00ee kararlar\u0131 itilaf Devletlerini k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131. Milletvekillerini tutuklad\u0131lar ve \u0130stanbul\u2019u i\u015fgal ettiler (16 Mart 1920).<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00e7. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 (23 Nisan 1920)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgali \u00fczerine Mebuslar Meclisi kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve baz\u0131 milletvekilleri tutukland\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Ankara\u2019da yeni bir meclisin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi. Se\u00e7imler yenilendi, istanbul\u2019dan ka\u00e7abilen baz\u0131 milletvekilleri de Ankara\u2019ya geldi. Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamlan\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Mustafa Kemal se\u00e7ildi. Mustafa Kemal meclise bir \u00f6nerge verdi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nergede yer alan konular \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmak zorunludur.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TBMM\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TBMM yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkilerini kendinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meclisten se\u00e7ilecek bir kurul (Bakanlar Kurulu) h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015flerine bakar. Meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin de ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>TBMM bu \u00f6nergeyi kabul etti. Yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131. Kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmete T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin<\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Sonraki Olaylar<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131 meclise kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131rmak istedi. Padi\u015fah ve \u015feyh\u00fclislam\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini isteyen fetvalar\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7aklar ile Anadolu\u2019ya da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. itilaf Devletlerini ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 destekledi.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, Kuvay\u0131milliye birliklerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u00fczenli ordunun emrine girmek istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ayakland\u0131. Ayaklanmalar bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. TBMM d\u00fczenli bir ordu kurarak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra meclis;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>istanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti,<\/li>\n<li>Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ayaklanmalar\u0131 (itilaf Devletleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131.)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fczenli orduya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Kuvay\u0131milliye birliklerinin (\u00c7erkez Ethem, Demirci Mehmet Efe gibi) \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanmalarla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (10 A\u011fustos 1920)<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Son Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi\u2019nde Misak\u0131milITnin kabul\u00fcnden sonra g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanan Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele Hareketi, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n galip devletlerini tela\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha \u00f6nce aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak d\u00fczenledikleri bir antla\u015fma metnini Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n<p>Antla\u015fma maddelerini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni Fransa\u2019da Paris\u2019in Sevres (Sevr) kasabas\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Buraya giden Osmanl\u0131 Heyeti 10 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de itilaf Devletlerinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu antla\u015fma ile T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n son toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Anadolu da elinden al\u0131n\u0131yor, ordusu ve donanmas\u0131 olmayan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. TBMM bu antla\u015fmaya b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki g\u00f6sterdi. Antla\u015fmay\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131. Antla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalayan istanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni vatan haini ilan etti.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019ndeki sava\u015flarla ba\u015flar. Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sona erer.<\/p>\n<p><b>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Cepheler<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Do\u011fu Cephesi:<\/b> Ermenilerle sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 (2 Aral\u0131k 1920).<\/li>\n<li><b>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>G\u00fcney Cephesi:<\/b> Frans\u0131zlarla sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Urfa, Antep, Mara\u015f Savunmas\u0131. Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 (20 Ekim 1921).<\/li>\n<li><b>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Bat\u0131 Cephesi:<\/b> Yunanl\u0131larla sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Birinci in\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>ikinci in\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Mudanya Ate\u015fkesi yap\u0131ld\u0131 (11 Ekim 1922).<\/p>\n<p>Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda; Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde, G\u00fcney Cephesi\u2019nde ve Bat\u0131 Cephesi\u2019nde m\u00fccadele edildi. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7erde padi\u015fah ordular\u0131 ile sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00f6nderli\u011fi, T\u00fcrk milletinin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle birle\u015fince her zorlu\u011fun \u00fcstesinden gelindi.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Do\u011fu Cephesi:<\/b> itilaf Devletleri Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na bir madde koyup Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019yu Ermenistan\u2019a vermek istediler. Ermeni sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda insanlar\u0131m\u0131z toplu olarak katledildi.<\/p>\n<p>TBMM\u2019nin karar\u0131yla K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa<br \/>\nDo\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde Ermenileri yendi. 2 Aral\u0131k<br \/>\n1920\u2019de G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<br \/>\nG\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin<\/p>\n<p>imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk anla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. G\u00fcney Cephesi:<\/b> Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen Antep, Mara\u015f ve Urfa Frans\u0131zlara b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 Antep, Urfa ve Mara\u015f\u2019ta kahramanca sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Kazan\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131lar Frans\u0131zlara T\u00fcrk<br \/>\ntopraklar\u0131nda tutunamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n<p>20 Ekim 1921\u2019de Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Halk\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu kahramanl\u0131klar nedeniyle TBMM<\/p>\n<p>taraf\u0131ndan Antep\u2019e \u201cGazi\u201d, Mara\u015f\u2019a \u201cKahraman\u201d, Urfa\u2019ya da \u201c\u015eanl\u0131\u201d unvanlar\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Bat\u0131 Cephesi:<\/b> Bat\u0131 Cephesi\u2019nde sava\u015f 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgali ile ba\u015flad\u0131. As\u0131l \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar d\u00fczenli ordunun kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra oldu.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Birinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Eski\u015fehir\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye gelen Yunan ordusunu, Albay ismet Bey komutas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk ordusu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. 10 Ocak 1921\u2019de Bat\u0131 Cephesi\u2019ndeki bu ilk asker\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131, kurtulu\u015f<br \/>\nazmi ve umudunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Londra Konferans\u0131:<\/b> Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 biraz de\u011fi\u015ftirerek T\u00fcrklere kabul ettirmek i\u00e7in toplanan konferans TBMM ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcisinin k\u00e2rl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131:<\/b> Birinci in\u00f6n\u00fc Zaferi\u2019nde T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ren Sovyetler Birli\u011fi 16 Mart 1921\u2019de Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile yeni T\u00fcrk devletini tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Muharebesi ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131r\u0131p yeniden sald\u0131ran Yunanl\u0131lar yine in\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019de ismet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 31 Mart \/ 1 Nisan 1921 tarihlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><b>Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b> B\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7le sald\u0131ran Yunan ordusu Afyon, K\u00fctahya ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irince T\u00fcrk ordusu \u00e7ok kay\u0131p vermemek i\u00e7in Sakarya \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusuna \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n<p>TBMM, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011fa atad\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in komutas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk ordusu 22 g\u00fcn, 22 gece s\u00fcren sava\u015f sonunda parlak bir zafer kazand\u0131 (13 Eyl\u00fcl 1921).<\/p>\n<p>TBMM Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u201cMare\u015fallik\u201d r\u00fctbesi ve \u201cGazilik\u201d unvan\u0131 verdi. Sakarya Zaferi TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz ve Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Muhaberebesi:<\/b> 26 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019de ba\u015flat\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz, 30 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Mustafa Kemal\u2019in y\u00f6netti\u011fi Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k Meydan Muharebesiyle Dumlup\u0131nar\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zafere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de izmir\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck zafer Anadolu\u2019nun sonsuza kadar T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 olarak kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n<p><b>BARI\u015e D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>(11 Ekim 1922)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n izmir\u2019de yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrk ordusu bo\u011fazlara ve istanbul\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi. ingiltere g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011finde bulundu. Mudanya\u2019da ingiltere, Fransa, italya temsilcileri ile ismet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda istanbul, Bo\u011fazlar ve Do\u011fu Trakya sava\u015f\u0131lmadan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu antla\u015fma T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fma tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><b>Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>8 ay s\u00fcren bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri isvi\u00e7re\u2019nin Lozan kentinde yap\u0131ld\u0131, ingiltere, Fransa, italya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya ve Yugoslavya ile T\u00fcrkiye temsilcileri kat\u0131ld\u0131. D\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 ismet Pa\u015fa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi temsil etti.<\/p>\n<p>24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te imzalanan antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yunanistan ile Meri\u00e7 Irma\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r olacak,<\/li>\n<li>Bozcaada ve G\u00f6k\u00e7eada T\u00fcrklere verilecek,<\/li>\n<li>Ege adalar\u0131 silahtan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak,<\/li>\n<li>Yunanistan sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 olarak Karaa\u011fa\u00e7\u2019\u0131 verecek,<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz ge\u00e7i\u015fleri Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan denetlenecek,<\/li>\n<li>Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki gibi olacak,<\/li>\n<li>Kapit\u00fclasyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu antla\u015fma T\u00fcrk tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya devletleri yeni T\u00fcrk devletini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 hari\u00e7 Misak\u0131mill\u00ee ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p><b>CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130M\u0130Z\u0130N KURUCUSU: ATAT\u00dcRK<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik\u2019te do\u011fdu, ilkokulu \u015eemsi Efendi ilkokulunda okudu. Asker olmak iste\u011fi ile s\u0131navlara girip Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi, Manast\u0131r Askeri idadisi (Lisesi), Harp Okulu ve Harp Akademisini ba\u015far\u0131yla bitirerek kurmay y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 olarak orduya kalt\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>ilk gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkenin k\u00f6t\u00fcye giden durumu ve T\u00fcrk milletinin gelece\u011fi ile ilgilendi.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal, ilk asker\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Trablusgarp ve Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131nda<\/p>\n<p>g\u00f6sterdi. \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131nda parlak zafer elde edilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sakarya ve Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131 zaferleriyle T\u00fcrk milletini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal, ak\u0131l ve bilimi yol g\u00f6sterici kabul ederdi. Okuyan, ara\u015ft\u0131ran, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini eserleriyle ortaya koyan bir \u00f6nderdi. Onun en b\u00fcy\u00fck eseri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019dir. Atat\u00fcrk, \u00fcst\u00fcn bir komutan, e\u015fsiz bir devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131. Devlet y\u00f6netimindeki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ile b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok geri kalm\u0131\u015f millet onun yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek ald\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk b\u00fct\u00fcn hayatini; \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f uygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk milletine adam\u0131\u015f bir insand\u0131r. 10 Kas\u0131m 1938 sabah\u0131 istanbul Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131 devlet t\u00f6reni ile Ankara Etnografya M\u00fczesindeki ge\u00e7ici kabre kondu.<\/p>\n<p>10 Kas\u0131m 1953\u2019te An\u0131tkabir\u2019e getirilerek ebed\u00ee istirahatg\u00e2h\u0131na defnedildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aile Tarihi Aile tarihi, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fumuz ailenin ya da se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ba\u015fka bir ailenin ge\u00e7mi\u015finin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelenmesidir. Aile tarihi olu\u015fturulurken ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmam\u0131z gerekir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile sahip oldu\u011fumuz bilgiler aile tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve tarihi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in bize yol g\u00f6sterecektir. G\u00fcncel bilgilerimizden yola \u00e7\u0131karak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe do\u011fru gideriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck annemizden anne, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fclerini dinleriz. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn &#8230; <a title=\"4. s\u0131n\u0131f Sosyal Bilgiler 2. \u00dcnite Ge\u00e7mi\u015fimi \u00d6\u011freniyorum Konu Anlat\u0131m\u0131 , Ders Notu\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/4-sinif-sosyal-bilgiler-2-unite-gecmisimi-ogreniyorum-konu-anlatimi-ders-notu.html\" aria-label=\"More on 4. s\u0131n\u0131f Sosyal Bilgiler 2. \u00dcnite Ge\u00e7mi\u015fimi \u00d6\u011freniyorum Konu Anlat\u0131m\u0131 , Ders Notu\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56459"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56459\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}