Atat\u00fcrk D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiyenin D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131
\nAtat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkeleri;
\n\uf0b7 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7inde kalmak ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyece\u011fimiz emeller pe\u015finde ko\u015fmamak
\n\uf0b7 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za sayg\u0131 duyan devletlerle iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmak, di\u011fer devletlerin i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamak ve kendi i\u00e7i\u015flerimize kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermemek
\n\uf0b7 Devletleraras\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 hukuka dayal\u0131 olarak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yollardan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek
\n\uf0b7 Ulusun hayat\u0131 tehlikede olmad\u0131k\u00e7a sava\u015fa girmemek
\n\uf0b7 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7inde her\u015feyden \u00f6nce kendi kuvvetimize dayanarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 devam ettirmek
\n\uf0b7 D\u0131\u015f politika ve diplomaside bilim ve teknolojiyi yol g\u00f6sterici olarak kullanmak ve d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmeleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak
\n\u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilir. Atat\u00fcrk \u201cYurtta sulh, cihanda sulh\u201d vecizesiyle i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikada bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsedi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye \u2013 \u0130ngiltere \u0130li\u015fkileriT\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015fmesini engelleyen en \u00f6nemli neden, T\u00fcrk \u2013 Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n tesbiti anlam\u0131na gelen Musul sorunu olmu\u015ftur. Musul b\u00f6lgesindeki zengin petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakmak istemeyen \u0130ngiltere, Irak\u2019ta manda y\u00f6netimi ilan etti. Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrkiye – Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken T\u00fcrk heyeti, \u201cHalk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun T\u00fcrk olmas\u0131\u201d nedeniyle, Musul ve S\u00fcleymaniye b\u00f6lgelerinin T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Irak ad\u0131na mandater devlet olan \u0130ngiltere ise, Musul\u2019un Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131nda direndi. Bunun \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede bir halk oylamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 iste\u011fi yine \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. T\u00fcrkiye, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbire ba\u015fvuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin askeri hareketini \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fanan olumsuzluklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikay\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011fine kan\u0131t olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. \u0130kili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen Musul meselesi, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Musul meselesini incelemek amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan komisyonun \u00f6nerisiyle Milletler Cemiyeti, Musul\u2019un Irak\u2019a kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti. T\u00fcrkiye Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin karar\u0131na uyarak \u0130ngiltere ile Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yapt\u0131 (5 Haziran 1926). Bu antla\u015fmayla;
\n\uf0b7 Musul ve Kerk\u00fck Irak\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.
\n\uf0b7 Irak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Musul\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k petrol \u00fczerine konulan verginin % 10\u2019unu 25 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye vermeyi kabul etti.
\nFransa ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden kalan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi konusunda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alacakl\u0131 \u00fclkeler i\u00e7inde en fazla pay sahibi olan Fransa\u2019yd\u0131. Bu konuda 13 Haziran 1928\u2019de Paris\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye ile alacakl\u0131 devletler ad\u0131na Duyun\u2013\u0131 Umumiye \u0130daresi aras\u0131nda bir antla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Bu antla\u015fmayla \u00f6denecek bor\u00e7lar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve \u00f6deme \u015fekli belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak, 1929\u2019da ba\u015flayan d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6denmesini g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye,
\nbor\u00e7lar\u0131n ertelenmesini istemi\u015f ve 22 Nisan 1933\u2019te Paris\u2019te yeni bir bor\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son antla\u015fma T\u00fcrkiye lehine olmu\u015f ve bor\u00e7larla ilgili sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye \u2013 Fransa \u0130li\u015fkileri Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 okullar, T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na ve di\u011fer okullar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 y\u00f6netmeliklere uyacaklard\u0131. Bu durum Fransa ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara neden oldu. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bizim okullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa, yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n sahip olmas\u0131 kabul edilemez.\u201d diyen Atat\u00fcrk, yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uymas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Y\u00f6netmeliklere uymayan baz\u0131 okullar kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 okullar meselesi Fransa ile iyi ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye \u2013 Yunanistan \u0130li\u015fkileriLozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli sorun n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi (de\u011fi\u015fim) hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve protokol\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Rumlarla Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Rumlarla Yunanistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeleri kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30 Ocak 1923\u2019te imzalanan protokolle de\u011fi\u015fime tabi tutulacak ki\u015filere ait \u015fartlar belirlenmi\u015ftir. Tarafs\u0131z devletlerin temsilcilerinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbadele komisyonu kurulmu\u015f, ancak Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrekli anla\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrk – Yunan ili\u015fkileri gerginle\u015fti. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k silahl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7madan gergin hava yumu\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 10 Haziran 1930 tarihinde anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu antla\u015fma ile yerle\u015fme tarihlerine ve do\u011fum yerlerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u0130stanbul Rumlar\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 Trakya T\u00fcrklerinin hepsi etabli (yerle\u015fik) say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne GirmesiMilletler Cemiyeti, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kazanan devletler taraf\u0131ndan sava\u015ftan hemen sonra uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yollardan \u00e7\u00f6zmek, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek, b\u00f6ylece bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi koruyarak yeni sava\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek iddias\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temeli bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 esaslara dayan\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrkiye kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle dostluk ve iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 giri\u015fimleri di\u011fer \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. 1930\u2019dan sonra milletleraras\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011finin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne ilgiyi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1932 Temmuz\u2019unda \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n teklifi, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n deste\u011fiyle T\u00fcrkiye Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne \u00fcye olmu\u015ftur (18 Temmuz 1932).
\nBalkan Antant\u0131T\u00fcrkiye Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne girdikten sonra Balkan uluslar\u0131yla yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. 1933\u2019ten sonra Almanya ve \u0130talya silahlanarak d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan, Yugoslavya ve Romanya devletleri aras\u0131nda Balkan Antant\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (9 \u015eubat 1934). Arnavutluk, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Bulgaristan ise, Makedonya konusunda Yunanistan ve Yugoslavya ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131k nedeniyle antanta kat\u0131lmad\u0131lar. Balkan Antant\u0131\u2019yla T\u00fcrkiye bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Balkanlarda bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda imzalanan Bo\u011fazlarla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bo\u011fazlar \u00fczerindeki egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, bo\u011fazlarla ilgili bu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, g\u00fcvenlik konusunda Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019da silahs\u0131zlanman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi umuduyla kabul etmi\u015fti. Bo\u011fazlar Sorunu ve Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi 1933\u2019ten sonra \u0130talya, Almanya ve Rusya silahlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Milletler Cemiyeti bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 tehdit eden bu geli\u015fmeleri \u00f6nleyemedi. Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na almak isteyen T\u00fcrkiye, 10 Nisan 1936\u2019da Bo\u011fazlar \u00fczerindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan devletlere birer nota g\u00f6ndererek Bo\u011fazlarla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin d\u00fczeltilmesini istemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu iste\u011fi ilgili devletler taraf\u0131ndan olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Montreux (Montr\u00f6) \u015fehrinde Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (20 Temmuz 1936). Montr\u00f6 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re; \u2013 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda kurulan Bo\u011fazlar Komisyonu kald\u0131r\u0131larak b\u00fct\u00fcn yetkileri T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne devredilecektir. \u2013 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda askersiz duruma getirilen yerlerde, T\u00fcrkiye asker bulundurabilecek ve tahkimat yapabilecektir. \u2013 Ticaret gemilerinin her iki y\u00f6nde Bo\u011fazlardan ge\u00e7i\u015fi serbest olacakt\u0131r. \u2013 Sava\u015f gemilerinin ge\u00e7i\u015fi ise zaman ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye, sava\u015fa girer veya bir sava\u015f tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsa Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi a\u00e7\u0131p kapatabilecektir. T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak ve Afganistan aras\u0131nda Tahran\u2019daki Sadabat Saray\u0131\u2019nda d\u00f6rtl\u00fc bir pakt olu\u015fturuldu (8 Temmuz 1937). Bu pakt, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu \u00fclkelerini hedef olan istil\u00e2 politikas\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya yay\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130talya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ortak bir savunma sistemi kurularak yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalara tepki g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019yle;
\n\uf0b7 T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\uf0b7 Bo\u011fazlarda asker bulundurulmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye milletleraras\u0131 dengede \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\uf0b7 T\u00fcrk \u2013 Sovyet ili\u015fkilerinde ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6zle\u015fme Sovyet Rusya taraf\u0131ndan yetersiz bulunmu\u015ftur.
\nSadabat Pakt\u0131 II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yakla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Fransa 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye\u2019yi bo\u015faltma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu arada Fransa, Hatay\u2019\u0131 Suriye\u2019ye b\u0131rakt\u0131. Sorunlar\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek isteyen T\u00fcrkiye, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne ba\u015fvurarak \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu T\u00fcrklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verilmesini istedi. Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Kat\u0131lmas\u0131 Hitlerin Avusturya\u2019y\u0131 ilhak\u0131ndan sonra, Avrupa\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesi bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fransa, Hatay konusundaki tutumunu yumu\u015fatmak zorunda kald\u0131. Yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler sonunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak Hatay Cumhuriyeti kuruldu (2 Eyl\u00fcl 1938). Hatay Cumhuriyeti ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirildi. 23 Haziran 1939\u2019da Fransa ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki bir antla\u015fma ile Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edildi. B\u00f6ylece Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Hatay meselesi Misak-\u0131 Milli ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin lehine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Atat\u00fcrk D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiyenin D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel ilkeleri; \uf0b7 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7inde kalmak ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyece\u011fimiz emeller pe\u015finde ko\u015fmamak \uf0b7 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za sayg\u0131 duyan devletlerle iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmak, di\u011fer devletlerin i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmamak ve kendi i\u00e7i\u015flerimize kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermemek \uf0b7 Devletleraras\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 hukuka dayal\u0131 olarak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yollardan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek \uf0b7 Ulusun hayat\u0131 tehlikede olmad\u0131k\u00e7a sava\u015fa … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tc-ink-tarihi-ve-ataturkculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}