Mezopotamya, ilk\u00e7a\u011fda Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015flay\u0131p Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u0131rmaklar\u0131 sular. Mezopotamya, iki \u0131rmak aras\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda Mezopotamya\u2019da be\u015f devlet kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar; S\u00fcmerler, Elamlar, Akadlar, Asurlar ve Babilliler\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
a. S\u00fcmerler<\/strong><\/p>\n M.\u00d6.4000\u2032lerde A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019ya yerle\u015ftiler ve di\u011fer Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ettiler.<\/p>\n S\u00fcmerler M.\u00d6 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ilk yaz\u0131y\u0131 kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n – Birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir\u00e7ok \u015fehir devlet\u00e7iklerinden olu\u015fan bir uygarl\u0131k kurdular. En \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri Ur, Uruk, Ki\u015f, Laga\u015f, olan S\u00fcmer devlet\u00e7iklerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda Patesi denilen krallar bulunurdu. Bunlar ayn\u0131 zamanda rahiptiler.<\/p>\n Bilinen ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar S\u00fcmer kral\u0131 Urganika taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n – S\u00fcmerler batakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurutarak tar\u0131m arazileri kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere inan\u0131rlard\u0131 ve krallar\u0131 rahip-kral olarak bilinirdi. En \u00f6nemli Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 Enki, Enlil ve Anu\u2019dur.<\/p>\n Dini ama\u00e7la yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Ziggurat adl\u0131 tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda rasathane ve so\u011fuk hava deposu olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131lar<\/p>\n S\u00fcmerler d\u00fczenli orduyu Mezopotamya\u2019da ilk kuran Akatlar taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u00fcmerler bilim alan\u0131nda ilerlemi\u015f , d\u00f6rt i\u015flemi kullanm\u0131\u015f, dairenin alan\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Edebiyat alan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli eserleri Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f, Tufan ve G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f destanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mezopotamya\u2019da S\u00fcmerlerden sonra kurulan devletler, S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n b. Akadlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n Paral\u0131 ve devaml\u0131 ordular\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fct\u00fcn Mezopotamya\u2019ya egemen olan Akadlar Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya kadar s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flettiler. Akadlar \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir inan\u0131\u015fa sahiptiler ve ba\u015fkentleri akad idi. Agade ad\u0131 verilen kerpi\u00e7 ve tu\u011fladan yap\u0131lan eserler en \u00f6nemli mimari eserleridir. Tarihte bilinen ilk imparatorluk ve ilk d\u00fczenli orduyu Akadlar kurdular. S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6n Asya\u2019ya yaymay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n c. Elamlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Mezopotamya Elam olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde en s\u00f6n\u00fck d\u00f6nemini olu\u015fturur. Ba\u015fkentleri Sus \u015fehridir. Bilim ve teknik, g\u00fczel sanatlarda ilerleme g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Elamlar tar\u0131mla ilgilenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir inan\u0131\u015fa sahiptirler.<\/p>\n d. Babil Krall\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Babil Krall\u0131klar\u0131 Orta Mezopotamya\u2019da kuruldular ve M.\u00d6 3000\u2032lerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n – Babil Kral\u0131 Hammurabi ilk anayasa olarak kabul edilen Hammurabi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Hammurabi, daha \u00f6nce uygulanan kanunlar\u0131n birle\u015fmesinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Hammurabi kanunlar\u0131nda Urganika Kanunlar\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re daha sert cezalar yer almaktad\u0131r. I. Babil krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hititler\u2019in sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ile y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n – II. Babil krallar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi Nebukadnazar\u2019d\u0131r. Onun zaman\u0131nda Babil\u2019in asma bah\u00e7eleri ve Babil kulesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. II. Babil krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Persler ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n e. Asur Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Asurlar, yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan G\u00fcney Do\u011fu anadolu\u2019da kuruldular. Asurlar Toros ve Anadoluya kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u0130branilerle sava\u015f\u0131p M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a kadar vard\u0131lar. Asurlar ticaret kolonileri kurdular ve ticareti geli\u015ftirdiler. Asurlar, Anadolu\u2019da kurduklar\u0131 ticaret kolonileri sayesinde Anadolu\u2019nun tarihi devirlere girmesini ( Anadolu\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 devirlerin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131) sa\u011flad\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle Kayseri\u2019deki K\u00fcltepe\u2019de Asur Tabletleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Asurlar Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n en geni\u015f devletini kurmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki heykeller asurlara aittir. Asurlular\u2019\u0131n kanunlar\u0131 Hammurabi kanunlar\u0131ndan daha sert yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7err. Asurlar \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir inan\u0131\u015fa sahiptir. Asurlar atl\u0131 birlikleri ilk kullanan devlettir. Medler ve Babiller taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mezopotamya, ilk\u00e7a\u011fda Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015flay\u0131p Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u0131rmaklar\u0131 sular. Mezopotamya, iki \u0131rmak aras\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda Mezopotamya\u2019da be\u015f devlet kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar; S\u00fcmerler, Elamlar, Akadlar, Asurlar ve Babilliler\u2019dir. a. S\u00fcmerler M.\u00d6.4000\u2032lerde A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019ya yerle\u015ftiler ve di\u011fer Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ettiler. S\u00fcmerler M.\u00d6 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50246\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}