{"id":50064,"date":"2014-02-20T17:25:55","date_gmt":"2014-02-20T15:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=50064"},"modified":"2014-02-19T20:26:58","modified_gmt":"2014-02-19T18:26:58","slug":"osmanli-devletinde-hukuk-sistemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-hukuk-sistemi.html","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Hukuk Sistemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Hukuk Sistemi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde hukuk; \u201c\u015fer&#8217;i hukuk\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6rfi hukuk\u201d ve fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerde daha \u00f6nce uygulanmakta olan kanun ve nizamlar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 temele dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eer&#8217;i hukuk temel hukuk sistemi olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fc\u00admanlar \u015fer&#8217;i hukuka g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eer&#8217;i mahkemelerde davalara <strong>&#8220;kad<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>&#8221; <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilen h\u00e2kimler bakard\u0131. Yabanc\u0131lar ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar kamu davalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kapit\u00fclasyonlar nedeniyle kendi hukuk kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri ile padi\u015fah kararlar\u0131ndan olu\u00ad\u015fan kurallara \u201c<strong>\u00f6<\/strong><strong>rfi hukuk\u201d <\/strong>denirdi. \u00d6rfi hukuk ile \u015fer&#8217;i huku\u00adkun birbirleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fmemesine dikkat edilirdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not:<\/strong> Mahkemelerde kad\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi kararlara Divan&#8217;a ba\u015fvurarak itiraz edilebilirdi. Bu davalar \u201ckazasker\u201d taraf\u0131ndan incelenir ve kesin karara ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu durum Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun&#8217;un ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek mahkeme olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Fethedilen yerlerde daha \u00f6nce uygulanmakta olan kanun ve nizamlarda \u015fer&#8217;i ve \u00f6rf&#8217;i hukuka ters d\u00fc\u015fenleri iptal edilmi\u015f geri kalanlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eer&#8217;i hukukun esaslar\u0131 f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131nda, \u00f6rfi hukukun esaslar\u0131 Kanunname ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir araya getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131da Fatih ve Kanuni kanunnameleri ve sancak kanunnameleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>19. yy.&#8217;da hukuk alan<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nda baz<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong> yeni d<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>zenlemeler yap<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>lm<\/strong><strong>\u0131\u015f\u00ad<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>r.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tanzimat Ferman<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>ile t\u00fcm halk\u0131n temel haklar\u0131 devlet g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi kabul edildi.<\/li>\n<li>Avrupa hukukundan yararlanarak yeni yasalar (ceza kanunu, ticaret kanunu vb.) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, \u201c\u015eura-i Devlet\u201d (Da\u00adn\u0131\u015ftay) kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cNizamiye Mahkemeleri\u201d kuruldu.<\/li>\n<li>Tanzimat d\u00f6neminde <strong>Ahmet Cevdet Pa<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>a <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan medeni kanun yerine kullan\u0131lan <strong>&#8220;mecelle&#8221; <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilen kanun haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>1876&#8217;da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin ilk anayasas\u0131 \u201c<strong>Kanun-i Esasi\u201d <\/strong>ilan edildi.<\/li>\n<li>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde hukuk alan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 uygulamala\u00adr\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 hukuk birli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Hukuk Sistemi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde hukuk; \u201c\u015fer&#8217;i hukuk\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6rfi hukuk\u201d ve fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerde daha \u00f6nce uygulanmakta olan kanun ve nizamlar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 temele dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eer&#8217;i hukuk temel hukuk sistemi olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fc\u00admanlar \u015fer&#8217;i hukuka g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eer&#8217;i mahkemelerde davalara &#8220;kad\u0131&#8221; ad\u0131 verilen h\u00e2kimler bakard\u0131. Yabanc\u0131lar ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar kamu davalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kapit\u00fclasyonlar &#8230; <a title=\"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Hukuk Sistemi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-hukuk-sistemi.html\" aria-label=\"More on Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Hukuk Sistemi\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50064"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50064"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50064\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}