{"id":50022,"date":"2014-02-20T12:50:36","date_gmt":"2014-02-20T10:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=50022"},"modified":"2014-02-19T18:52:51","modified_gmt":"2014-02-19T16:52:51","slug":"osmanli-devletinde-bilim-adamlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-bilim-adamlari.html","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Bilim Adamlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Osmanl\u0131larda Bilim Alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00a0ve Bilim adamlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>a)Astronomi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131lar, kurulu\u015f devrinde astronomiye ve matemati\u011fe yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle Fatih , yerli ve yabanc\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019 a davet ederek bilim hayat\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin en dikkate de\u011fer matematik\u00e7ileri ve astronomistleri aras\u0131nda Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u , Mirim \u00c7elebi , Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nas\u00fch gibi \u00fcnl\u00fcler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ali ku\u015f\u00e7u, T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi, \u00f6nemli matematik\u00e7ilerden birisidir. Timur\u2019 un torunlar\u0131ndan olan babas\u0131 Muhammed , b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgin ve devlet adam\u0131 Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in do\u011fanc\u0131ba\u015f\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<br \/>\nBu y\u00fczden kendisine, Ku\u015f\u00e7u lakab\u0131 verildi.<br \/>\nAli Ku\u015f\u00e7u , \u0130stanbul\u2019un enlem ve boylam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7e\u015fitli G\u00fcne\u015f<br \/>\nsaatleri yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ondal\u0131k kesir say\u0131lar , \u201cT\u00fcrk Say\u0131s\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Bat\u0131\u2019 ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019 in me\u015fhur Zic\u2019 inin haz\u0131rlamas\u0131nda<br \/>\nb\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Takiy\u00fcddin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeti\u015fen en de\u011ferli bilginlerinden birisi de , Takiy\u00fcddin\u2019 dir.\u0130stanbul\u2019da 1585 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilimsel eser<br \/>\nb\u0131rakarak \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<br \/>\nTakiy\u00fcddin, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir matematik\u00e7i, astronomi bilgini ve m\u00fchendistir. III. Murat\u2019\u0131n emriyle, 1575 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tophanede bir g\u00f6zlem evi kurar.Takiy\u00fcddin ilk defa saati bir g\u00f6zlem arac\u0131 olarak kullanan ki\u015fidir. Takiy\u00fcddin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu saat, saniyeyi de g\u00f6steriyordu.Takiy\u00fcddin\u2019 in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu \u0130stanbul g\u00f6zlem evi, pek uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc aradan 5 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra g\u00f6zlem evini 1580 y\u0131l\u0131nda III. Murat\u2019\u0131n emriyle Kaptan-\u0131 Derya K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun nedeni ise \u015fuydu ;G\u00f6zlem yapmakla Allah\u2019\u0131n i\u015fine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Allah\u2019\u0131n onlara salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k (veba) yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleriydi.<br \/>\nTakiy\u00fcddin\u2019 in trigonometri alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da , olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Hen\u00fcz Kopernik , sin\u00fcs, kosin\u00fcs, tanjant, kotanjanttan bile s\u00f6z etmeden , Takiy\u00fcddin bunlar\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bile vermi\u015f ve cetvellerini de \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trigonometrik hesaplamalarda , o devirde hen\u00fcz logaritma tablolar\u0131 veya hesap makineleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in , Takiy\u00fcddin basit bir alet kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alete, \u201cTrigonometrik \u00c7eyreklik\u201d de denir.<br \/>\nCep , duvar ve masa saatleri ile astronomik saatlerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 konu alan \u201cMekanik Saat Yap\u0131m\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eseri , \u00e7ok me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>b) T\u0131p<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019daki t\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131,\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki t\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131d\u0131r. Hippokrat , Calinus ( Galen ) , Razi , \u0130bn Sina ve \u0130bn Baytar, t\u0131pta otorite kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ak\u015femseddin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak\u015femseddin (1390-1459) \u00fcnl\u00fc bir t\u0131p bilgini ve din adam\u0131d\u0131r. Fatih ile birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019 un fethinde bulunur. T\u0131p konusundaki \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri \u201cMaidet\u00fc\u2019l-Hayat\u201d t\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu eserinde Ak\u015femseddin , ilk defa baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tohum ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi mikroplardan meydana geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir . Ayr\u0131ca ak\u015femseddin ayn\u0131 eserinde , pasteur\u2019den \u00e7ok \u00f6nce baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kal\u0131t\u0131m yoluyla ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sabuncuo\u011flu \u015eerafettin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fatih devrinin \u00fcnl\u00fc t\u0131p bilginlerinden biriside \u015eerafettin Sabuncu_<br \/>\no\u011flu ( 1386-1470 )\u2019dur. Amasyal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n\u201cCerrahi\u201d adl\u0131 eseri, Osmanl\u0131lar devrinde yaz\u0131lan tek resimli cerrahi, yani ameliyat kitab\u0131d\u0131r.Cerrahi ve eczac\u0131l\u0131k konular\u0131nda da eserleri vard\u0131r.<br \/>\nMesane ta\u015flar\u0131 ve f\u0131t\u0131k ameliyat\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntemler ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 aletler, kendisine aittir.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>c) Co\u011frafya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lmas\u0131, onlarda co\u011frafya bilimine verilen \u00f6nemi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bu bilimin geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nKara ve deniz co\u011frafyas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelere sahne oldu. Ayr\u0131ca haritac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda da yeni geli\u015fmeler oldu . Eskiden yap\u0131lan haritalar, ihtiyaca cevap vermedi\u011finden, bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc kabartma haritalara benzer haritalar \u00e7izildi. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerini, kara co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nas\u00fch, deniz co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ise Piri Reis\u2019 dir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Piri Reis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Piri reis, iki D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 ve \u201cDenizcilik\u201d adl\u0131 bir kitab\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 II. Piri reis, yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 sene sonra, yani 1528 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00fcn elde bulunan par\u00e7as\u0131, Gr\u00f6nland , Kuzey ve Orta Amerika sahillerini g\u00f6steren k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu haritan\u0131n belki de en \u00f6nemli yan\u0131, ilk kez Aristo zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc san\u0131lan, o zamandan bu g\u00fcne dek buzullarla ve sularla kapl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen Antartika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7izmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nDenizcilik kitab\u0131 ( Kitap-\u0131 Bahriye ), Piri Reis\u2019 in \u00f6nemli bir eseridir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osmanl\u0131larda Bilim Alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00a0ve Bilim adamlar\u0131 a)Astronomi Osmanl\u0131lar, kurulu\u015f devrinde astronomiye ve matemati\u011fe yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle Fatih , yerli ve yabanc\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019 a davet ederek bilim hayat\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemin en dikkate de\u011fer matematik\u00e7ileri ve astronomistleri aras\u0131nda Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u , Mirim \u00c7elebi , Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nas\u00fch gibi \u00fcnl\u00fcler vard\u0131r. &#8230; <a title=\"Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Bilim Adamlar\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/osmanli-devletinde-bilim-adamlari.html\" aria-label=\"More on Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde Bilim Adamlar\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50022"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50022"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50022\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}