{"id":49946,"date":"2014-02-19T02:30:57","date_gmt":"2014-02-19T00:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=49946"},"modified":"2014-02-18T19:20:59","modified_gmt":"2014-02-18T17:20:59","slug":"fatih-sultan-mehmet-ve-istanbulun-fethi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/fatih-sultan-mehmet-ve-istanbulun-fethi.html","title":{"rendered":"Fatih Sultan Mehmet ve \u0130stanbul’un Fethi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 GEREKT\u0130REN SEBEPLER:<\/strong>
\n1)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyarak ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak, taht kavgalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131,
\n2)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerini te\u015fvik etmesi,
\n3)- Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozan bir konumda olmas\u0131 (Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili bir ada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Anadolu’dan Rumeli’ye, Rumeli’den Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7i\u015fi zordu)
\n4)- \u0130stanbul’un bo\u011faza hakim bir konumda olmas\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden Karadeniz Akdeniz su yolunun anahtar\u0131 konumunda olmas\u0131.
\nFatih Sultan Mehmet’in, bak\u0131r \u00fczerine alt\u0131n kapl\u0131 mi\u011fferi<\/p>\n

FAT\u0130H’\u0130N FETH\u0130 KOLAYLA\u015eTIRMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N ALDI\u011eI TEDB\u0130RLER:<\/strong>
\n1)- Bizans’a denizden gelebilecek yard\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla Anadolu Hisar\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na Rumeli hisar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131.
\n2)- Bizans’a Balkanlardan gelebilecek muhtemel Ha\u00e7l\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131na ak\u0131nc\u0131 birlikleri g\u00f6nderdi.
\n3)- Surlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u015eahi ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar d\u00f6kt\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n4)- Hali\u00e7teki zincire kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gemileri karadan y\u00fcr\u00fcterek Hali\u00e7’e soktu.<\/p>\n

Topkap\u0131 semtindeki surlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde sergilenen \u015eahi topu<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 KOLAYLA\u015eTIRAN NEDENLER:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)- Bizans ordu ve donanmas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f olu\u015fu,
\n2)- Ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa’dan yard\u0131m alamamas\u0131.
\nNOT: Bizans ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sadece Venedik ve Cenevizlilerden yard\u0131m alabilmi\u015ftir.
\nNOT: Cenevizliler ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ticari kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hem Osmanl\u0131lara, hem de Bizans’a yard\u0131m etmi\u015flerdir.
\n\u0130stanbul ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lan be\u015f katl\u0131, orta boyda bir y\u00fcr\u00fcyen kule
\n\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130N D\u00dcNYA TAR\u0130H\u0130 BAKIMINDAN SONU\u00c7LARI:<\/strong>
\n1)- Venedik ve Ceneviz ticareti olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmi\u015ftir.
\n2)- Bin y\u0131ll\u0131k Bizans imparatorlu\u011fu tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3)- Orta\u00e7a\u011f kapanm\u0131\u015f, Yeni\u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4)- \u0130stanbul’dan ka\u00e7an Bizans’l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 Avrupa’da R\u00f6nesans ve reform hareketlerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\n5)- Feodalite(derebeylik) sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130N T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H\u0130 BAKIMINDAN SONU\u00c7LARI:<\/strong>
\n1)- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Y\u00fckselme d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015ftir.
\n2)- Ba\u015fkent Edirne’den \u0130stanbul’a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3)-Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Anadolu – Rumeli ge\u00e7i\u015fi kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4)- Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli sorun \u00e7\u0131karan bir fitne yuvas\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n5)- Karadeniz – Akdeniz deniz ticaret yolunun denetimi Osmanl\u0131lar’a ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n6)- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hakl\u0131 bir \u015f\u00f6hret ve itibara kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

FAT\u0130H D\u00d6NEM\u0130 \u00d6NEML\u0130 OLAYLARI<\/strong>
\n1)-BALKANLARDA FET\u0130HLER
\na)- Belgrat hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u0131rb\u0131stan fethedildi,
\nb)- Arnavutluk fethedildi.
\nc)- Bosna-Hersek fethedildi
\nd)- Eflak-Bo\u011fdan fethedildi.
\ne)- Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131 fethedildi.<\/p>\n

2)-DEN\u0130ZLERDE FET\u0130HLER VE SEFERLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

a)- Baz\u0131 Ege adalar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. E\u011friboz adalar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.Rodos (\u0130mroz, Ta\u015foz, Semadirek, Midilli adas\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131, fakat al\u0131namad\u0131.)
\nb)- K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lara ba\u011fland\u0131.
\nc)- Otranto (\u0130talya Seferi) yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

3)- ANADOLU’DA FET\u0130HLER<\/strong>
\na)- Cenevizlilerden Amasra al\u0131nd\u0131
\nb)- Candaro\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sinop al\u0131nd\u0131
\nc)- Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan Konya ve Karaman al\u0131nd\u0131
\nd)- Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa son verildi.(1461
\ne)- Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.(1473) (Akkoyunlu Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan ile Fatih Sultan Mehmet aras\u0131ndaki bu sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar kazand\u0131.)<\/p>\n

FAT\u0130H D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE YAPILAN FET\u0130HLER\u0130N YORUMU:<\/strong>
\nFatih Sultan Mehmet fetihlerini rastgele de\u011fil, belirli ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:
\n1)- Karadeniz Ticaretine Egemen Olmak,
\n2)- Anadolu T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak,
\n3)- Anadolu’da Faaliyet G\u00f6steren Devletleri Etkisiz K\u0131lmak,
\n4)- Ege ve Akdeniz Ticaretine Egemen Olmak,
\n5)- Bizans’\u0131n Yeniden Dirilmesini \u00d6nlemek,
\n6)- Katolik Roma’y\u0131 Ele Ge\u00e7irmek.<\/p>\n

1)-KARADEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET\u0130NE SAH\u0130P OLMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N YAPILAN FET\u0130HLER:<\/strong>
\nBosna-Hersek, Eflak-Bo\u011fdan, Cenevizlilerden Amasra’n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun fethi ve K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 bu ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lan fetihlerdir. (Bu yerlerin hepsi Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

KIRIM HANLI\u011eININ OSMANLILARA BA\u011eLANMASI:<\/strong>
\nHat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi Alt\u0131norda Devletinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla kurulan T\u00fcrk Hanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri de K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Fatih d\u00f6neminde K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda taht kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, K\u0131r\u0131m Halk\u0131 Fatih’ten yard\u0131m istemi\u015ftir. Fatih Gedik Ahmet Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 Donanmas\u0131n\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m’a g\u00f6ndererek bu hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar’a ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle:
\n1- Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.
\n2- K\u0131r\u0131m Ordusu Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerde YARDIMCI KUVVET olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck yararlar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3- Osmanl\u0131 Devleti K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde Orta Asya T\u00fcrkleriyle temas sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2)- ANADOLU T\u00dcRK B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 SA\u011eLAMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPMI\u015eTIR?<\/strong>
\nCandaro\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sinop’u alarak bu beyli\u011fe son vermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Karamano\u011fullar\u0131ndan Konya ve Karaman’\u0131 alarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Anadolu T\u00fcrk birli\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3)- ANADOLU’DA FAAL\u0130YET G\u00d6STEREN DEVLETLER\u0130 ETK\u0130S\u0130Z KILMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPMI\u015eTIR?<\/strong>
\nIV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1204 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Trabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu’da hakimiyet kurmak isteyen AKKOYUNLU devletini 1473’te Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131nda yendi.<\/p>\n

4)- EGE VE AKDEN\u0130Z T\u0130CARET\u0130NE EGEMEN OLMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NERELER\u0130 ALDI?<\/strong>
\nVenedikliler’in elinde bulunan Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131 (\u0130mroz, Ta\u015foz, Limni,Bozcaada,Semadirek,Midilli,E\u011friboz)
\nald\u0131. Rodos adas\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131,ancak al\u0131namad\u0131. Akdeniz’deki Kefolonya, Zanta ve Ayamavra adalar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Karadeniz’de faaliyet g\u00f6steren Cenevizlilerden sonra, Akdenizde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Venedik ticaretine de b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe vurdu.<\/p>\n

OSMANLI-VENED\u0130K DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eLARI<\/strong>
\nSebepleri: Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n; \u0130stanbul’u fethetmeleri, Karadeniz ve Ege ticaretini denetimleri alt\u0131na almalar\u0131n\u0131n Venedik ticaretine darbe vurmas\u0131.
\nSonu\u00e7 : Venedik donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Venedikliler’e kar\u015fi bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fatih olas\u0131 bir Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ittifak\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla 1479’da Venedikliler’e ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

NOT: Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden ilk EL\u00c7\u0130 bulundurma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ve ilk ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 elde eden devlet Venedik’dir.<\/p>\n

5)- FAT\u0130H’\u0130N HIRISTIYANLIK M\u00dcCADELES\u0130 NASILDI?<\/strong>
\nH\u0131r\u0131stiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki merkezi vard\u0131. Biri KATOL\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130N merkezi ROMA(VAT\u0130KAN), di\u011feri de ORTODOKSLU\u011eUN merkezi \u0130stanbul(FENER) idi.
\nFatih \u0130stanbul’u alarak, buradaki Ortodoks cemaati dini inan\u00e7 ve ibadetinde serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm Ortodoks H\u0131r\u0131stiyanlar\u0131n koruyuculu\u011funu \u00fcslenmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece h\u0131r\u0131stiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki MEZHEP B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 engellemi\u015ftir.
\n(\u0130stanbul’un Fethinden \u00f6nce Katolik ve Ortodoks mezhepleri birle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.)
\nFatih Katoliklerin merkezi Vatikan’\u0131 da(Roma) ele ge\u00e7irmek istiyordu. Bu y\u00fczden GED\u0130K AHMET PA\u015eA komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131 \u0130talya’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine \u00e7\u0131karma yapm\u0131\u015f ve buradaki OTRANTO kalesini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Ancak Fatih’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130talya Seferinin yar\u0131da kalmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

6)- B\u0130ZANS’IN YEN\u0130DEN D\u0130R\u0130LT\u0130LMES\u0130N\u0130 \u00d6NLEMEK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPTI?<\/strong>
\nBizans hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Trabzon Rum imparatorlu\u011funa son verdi,yine Bizans hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 MORA Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131 fethetti.
\nFatih D\u00f6nemi sonunda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130STANBUL’UN FETH\u0130N\u0130 GEREKT\u0130REN SEBEPLER: 1)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerini koruyarak ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak, taht kavgalar\u0131na neden olmas\u0131, 2)- Bizans’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerini te\u015fvik etmesi, 3)- Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozan bir konumda olmas\u0131 (Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili bir ada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Anadolu’dan Rumeli’ye, Rumeli’den Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7i\u015fi zordu) 4)- \u0130stanbul’un bo\u011faza hakim bir konumda olmas\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49946"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49946\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}