Sonunda ders verme amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, genellikle manzum \u00f6yk\u00fclerdir. Fabllar\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 genellikle hayvan- lard\u0131r. Ama bu hayvanlar insanlar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, konu- \u015fur ve t\u0131pk\u0131 insanlar gibi davran\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc fabl yazarlar\u0131 Ezop ve Jean de La Fontaine\u2019dir. Ezop\u2019un fabllar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 300 y\u0131l\u0131nda derlene- rek yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. ABD\u2019li James Thurber ve \u0130ngiliz George Orwell \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f fabl yazarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Fabl\u0131 ilk olarak yazanlar Hititlerdir. Hititler fabllar\u0131 ta\u015f tabletlere yaz\u0131p resimliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikleri:<\/p>\n
\uf0d8 \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131nda cereyan eden olaylar\u0131 hayvanlar bitkiler ya da cans\u0131z varl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7iyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6stererek bu yolla insanlara ahlak ve ibret dersi vermek \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermek ya da bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce- ye g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131rmak isteyen bir \u00e7e\u015fit masald\u0131r.
\n\uf0d8 Te\u015fhis ve intak sanatlar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur.
\n\uf0d8 D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda ilk ve \u00f6nemli fabllar Hint yaza- r\u0131 Beydeba\u2019ya aittir. Beydeba\u2019n\u0131n fabllar\u0131 \u201cKelile ve Dimne\u201d adl\u0131 bir eserde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\uf0d8 Frans\u0131z Edebiyat\u0131\u2019ndan La Fontaine, fabl t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\uf0d8 T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi \u015eeyhi\u2019nin 17.yy.\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n\u201cHarname\u201ddir.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllar manzum (\u015fiir) veya nesir (d\u00fczyaz\u0131) bi\u00e7imin- de yaz\u0131labilirler.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllar hem naz\u0131m, hem nesir bi\u00e7iminde olurlar.
\n\uf0d8 Fabl\u0131n sonunda her zaman bir ahlak dersi (k\u0131ssa- dan hisse) vard\u0131r. Bu ders k\u0131sa, a\u00e7\u0131k ve do\u011fru ol- mal\u0131d\u0131r ve mutlaka \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal bir neticesi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllarda \u00f6\u011fretici (didaktik) bir ama\u00e7 g\u00fcd\u00fcl\u00fcr, g\u00fcn- delik hayatla ilgili dersler ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler verilir. Okurlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman verilen dersin veya \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn ne oldu- \u011funu anlamakta zorluk \u00e7ekmezler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ders veya \u00f6\u011f\u00fct eserin bir yerinde, \u00e7o\u011fu defa sonunda, bir atas\u00f6z\u00fc ya da \u00f6zdeyi\u015f bi\u00e7iminde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirti- lir. Fabllarda basit ahlak ilkelerine de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi insanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok kusurlu y\u00f6n\u00fcne de dikkat \u00e7ekilir.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131k, \u00f6zveri, yard\u0131mse- verlik, iyi niyet gibi olumlu davran\u0131\u015flar \u00e7ocu\u011fa ka- zand\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00d6zellikle 8-12 ya\u015f grubu \u00e7ocuklar fabl okumaktan ve dinlemekten b\u00fcy\u00fck zevk al\u0131rlar. Ka- naatk\u00e2rl\u0131k, tamahk\u00e2rl\u0131k, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k gibi \u00e7ocuklar taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kavramla- r\u0131n somut olaylarla anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir e\u011fitim arac\u0131 olarak kabul edilmelidir.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllar insan belle\u011finde \u00e7ok kolay saklanabilen ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilen \u00f6zelliklere sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenek i\u00e7inde de ya\u015fat\u0131labilmektedir.
\n\uf0d8 \u00c7o\u011fu manzum olan fabllar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca amac\u0131, belli bir ana fikrin yal\u0131n veya birka\u00e7 olay\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla en k\u0131sa yoldan a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r.
\n\uf0d8 Fabllar olay anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fka \u015fiiri okumak- tan ya da ezberlemekten daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ilgi- sini \u00e7eker.
\n\uf0d8 Bundan dolay\u0131 fabllar k\u0131sad\u0131r ve \u015fu d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden
\nolu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
a. Olay\u0131n ve kahramanlar\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc b. Olay\u0131n entrikalarla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlendi\u011fi geli\u015fme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc c. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc
\nd. Olay ve olaylar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yatan ana fikrin a\u00e7\u0131k- land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ders b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (k\u0131ssadan hisse b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda ilk fabl \u00f6rneklerini \u015einasi vermi\u015ftir. Ah- met Mithat, K\u0131ssadan Hisse adl\u0131 eserini ahlak\u00ee gaye g\u00fcderek yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eserde yazar, Ezop\u2019tan, La Fontaine\u2019den yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7evirilere ve kendi yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fabllara yer vermi\u015ftir Reca\u00eezade Mahmut Ek- rem, La Fontaine\u2019den Horoz ile Tilki, Kurba\u011fa ile \u00d6k\u00fcz, Karga ile Tilki, Me\u015fe ile Saz, A\u011fustos B\u00f6ce\u011fi ile Kar\u0131n- ca gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00e7eviriler yaparak bu alanda T\u00fcrk Edebi- yat\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunu\u015ftur. Ali Ulvi El\u00f6ve \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131- za Ne\u015fideler\u201d adl\u0131 \u015fiir kitab\u0131nda La Fontaine, Victor Hugo, Lamartine\u2019den yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evirilerin yan\u0131nda, yine bunlardan esinlenerek yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fabl t\u00fcr\u00fc \u015fiirlere de yer vermi\u015ftir. Nabizade Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cBir Sansar ile Horoz ve Tavuk\u201d adl\u0131 eseri vard\u0131r Nurullah Ata\u00e7, Orhan Veli Ka- n\u0131k, M. Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, Vasfi Mahir Kocat\u00fcrk, Sabahattin Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu fabl t\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgilenmi\u015f \u00e7eviri yapm\u0131\u015f, ara\u015ft\u0131r- malarda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sonunda ders verme amac\u0131 g\u00fcden, genellikle manzum \u00f6yk\u00fclerdir. Fabllar\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 genellikle hayvan- lard\u0131r. Ama bu hayvanlar insanlar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, konu- \u015fur ve t\u0131pk\u0131 insanlar gibi davran\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc fabl yazarlar\u0131 Ezop ve Jean de La Fontaine\u2019dir. Ezop\u2019un fabllar\u0131 \u0130.\u00d6. 300 y\u0131l\u0131nda derlene- rek yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. ABD\u2019li James Thurber ve \u0130ngiliz George Orwell \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f fabl … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49516\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}