{"id":49514,"date":"2014-02-03T11:17:37","date_gmt":"2014-02-03T09:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=49514"},"modified":"2014-02-03T11:17:37","modified_gmt":"2014-02-03T09:17:37","slug":"vucudumuzdaki-sistemler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/vucudumuzdaki-sistemler.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fccudumuzdaki Sistemler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><strong>DESTEK ve HAREKET S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 yap\u0131da kemikler eklemlerle birle\u015ferek iskeleti olu\u015fturur. Kaslar da v\u00fccuda \u015fekil vermede ve hareketi sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Kemik zar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>kemi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tamamen sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kemik zar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi kemi\u011fin\u00a0onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve beslenmesini\u00a0sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.Kemik zar\u0131,\u00a0enine b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemi\u011fin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki sert yap\u0131ya\u00a0<strong>sert kemik\u00a0<\/strong>ad\u0131 verilir. Sert kemik, kemi\u011fe\u00a0dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k verir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemi\u011fin ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7eride bulunan g\u00f6zenekli yap\u0131ya\u00a0<strong>s\u00fcngerimsi kemik\u00a0<\/strong>ad\u0131 verilir. Aras\u0131nda bo\u015fluklar bulunan s\u00fcngerimsi kemik kemi\u011fin \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 S\u00fcngerimsi kemi\u011fin i\u00e7inde kemik ili\u011fi ve onun i\u00e7inde de kan damarlar\u0131 bulunur. Kan damarlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u00fcngerimsi kemik k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renktedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemik ili\u011fi merkezde bulunur ve yumu\u015fak bir dokudur. \u0130li\u011fin i\u00e7inde kan yap\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6revli olan h\u00fccreler vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u00a0kemik ili\u011fi kan yap\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemiklerin esnek olmas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli hareketleri yaparken kemi\u011fin kolayca k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Kolayl\u0131kla hareket etmemizi sa\u011flar. Sert yap\u0131da olmas\u0131 ise v\u00fccuda destek sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemlidir. Kemi\u011fin i\u00e7inde bulunan kalsiyum ve fosfor mineralleri, onun sert bir yap\u0131 kazanmas\u0131nda etkilidir. Bu minerallerin eksikli\u011finde b\u00fck\u00fclen kemikleriniz kolayca k\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Mineraller yeterince al\u0131nmazsa kemikler g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fir. Mineraller baz\u0131 besinlerden al\u0131nabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u00fct, s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve bal\u0131k etinden kemikleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren kalsiyum ve fosfor mineralleri al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemik u\u00e7lar\u0131nda yumu\u015fak esnek ve kaygan bir yap\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemiklerin birle\u015fti\u011fi noktalarda, yani kemik u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunan yap\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131\u00a0<strong>k\u0131k\u0131rdakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131k\u0131rdak, d\u00fcz ve kaygan bir yap\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kemiklerin rahat\u00e7a birbiri \u00fczerinde kaymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle de kemiklerin birbirine de\u011ferek a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 \u00c7ocukluk ve ergenlik d\u00f6neminde kemik geli\u015fimi h\u0131zla devam eder. Bu geli\u015fimde kemiklerin u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda bulunan k\u0131k\u0131rdak g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemik zar\u0131 enine b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flarken,\u00a0k\u0131k\u0131rdak boyuna b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kemiklerin birle\u015fti\u011fi yerde hareket etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131\u00a0<strong>eklemler<\/strong>\u00a0bulunur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Eklemlerin kemiklere ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan yap\u0131lara\u00a0<strong>eklem ba\u011flar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>denilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flar, kemik ve eklemin birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Oynar ve yar\u0131 oynar eklemlerin bulundu\u011fu yerlerde iki kemi\u011fin s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesini engelleyen\u00a0<strong>eklem s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131v\u0131, kemikleri korurken ayn\u0131 zamanda kemiklerin birbiri \u00fczerinde daha iyi kayarak hareket etmesine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kaslar, kemikleri \u00e7epe\u00e7evre sarar. Kemiklerden olu\u015fan iskeletin etraf\u0131nda bulunarak dik durmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir kuklay\u0131 hareket ettiren ipler gibi kaslar da kemikleri harekete ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kaslar\u0131n kemiklere ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sma\u00a0<strong>tendon\u00a0<\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Egzersiz yaparken koordineli olmayan kas gerilmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya ani, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlamalarda tendon kopmas\u0131 olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle kaslar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlayacak hareketlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0\u00a0\u00c7izgili kaslar(iskelet kaslar\u0131),\u00a0kemikleri sarar ve di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130stemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0\u00a0D\u00fcz kaslar, damarlarda ve di\u011fer i\u00e7 organlarda bulunur. \u0130ste\u011fimiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0\u00a0Kalp kas\u0131, kan\u0131 v\u00fccudumuza pompalama g\u00f6revini yapar. \u0130ste\u011fimiz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.\u00c7izgili kas g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kaslar\u0131n z\u0131t hareketler yapmas\u0131, kemiklerin hareket etmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 V\u00fccudunuzdaki kaslar\u0131n\u0131z, ikili olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve z\u0131t hareketler yapar. Yani biri kas\u0131l\u0131rken biri gev\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kolunuzda bulunan kaslardan biri kas\u0131l\u0131nca kol kemi\u011fini kendine do\u011fru \u00e7ekerek harekete ge\u00e7irmekte ve kol b\u00fck\u00fclebilmektedir. Bu durum da gev\u015feyen kas kemi\u011fin hareketini engellememektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Tam ters olarak kas\u0131lan kas\u0131n gev\u015feme durumuna ge\u00e7mesi de alttaki kas\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131na ve kemi\u011fin eski h\u00e2line d\u00f6nmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>DOLA\u015eIM S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan\u0131 v\u00fccuda pompalayan\u00a0<strong>kalp<\/strong>, besin ve oksijeni h\u00fccrelere ta\u015f\u0131yan\u00a0<strong>kan<\/strong>\u00a0ve kan\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen\u00a0<strong>damarlar<\/strong>\u00a0dola\u015f\u0131m sistemini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KALP:<\/strong>\u00a0Kalbin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 incelendi\u011finde tam ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Her iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de biri \u00fcstte, biri altta olmak \u00fczere iki odac\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Sa\u011f ve soldaki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde \u00fcstte olan odac\u0131klara\u00a0<strong>kulak\u00e7\u0131k,\u00a0<\/strong>altta olan odac\u0131klara ise\u00a0<strong>kar\u0131nc\u0131k\u00a0<\/strong>denir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kar\u0131nc\u0131klar<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>ve kulak\u00e7\u0131klar aras\u0131nda kapaklar vard\u0131r. Bu kapaklar sadece tek y\u00f6ne do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Kapaklar, kalbin i\u00e7indeki kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tek y\u00f6ne do\u011fru olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, kan\u0131n geriye do\u011fru akmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kalbin sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00a0<strong>sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131k,\u00a0<\/strong>alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise\u00a0<strong>sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Sol taraf\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00a0<strong>sol kulak\u00e7\u0131k,\u00a0<\/strong>alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise\u00a0<strong>sol kar\u0131nc\u0131k\u00a0<\/strong>olarak<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kar\u0131nc\u0131klarda kas tabakalar\u0131 kulak\u00e7\u0131klara g\u00f6re daha kal\u0131n ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunun nedeni kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kan\u0131 pompalama i\u015flevinin daha fazla olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kalbi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kalp kas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kas\u0131lma gev\u015feme hareketi yapar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kalp kan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00fccudun ihtiyac\u0131 olan besin ve oksijeni da\u011f\u0131tmada,<\/li>\n<li>At\u0131k maddeleri toplamada,<\/li>\n<li>Kirlenen kan\u0131n temizlenmesi i\u00e7in ilgili organa pompalamada g\u00f6rev al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>DAMARLAR:<\/strong>\u00a0V\u00fccudumuzun her noktas\u0131na besin ve oksijen ula\u015ft\u0131ran damarlar\u0131m\u0131z farkl\u0131 yap\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlere sahiptir. Bunlar;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temiz kan\u0131 kalpten v\u00fccuda ta\u015f\u0131yan\u00a0<strong>atardamar,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>V\u00fccuttan toplanan kirli kan\u0131 kalbe getiren\u00a0<strong>toplardamar,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, al\u0131m i\u015flemlerinde en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck noktalara kadar ula\u015fabilen ince yap\u0131l\u0131\u00a0<strong>k\u0131lcal damarlard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>KAN:<\/strong>\u00a0V\u00fccudunuz i\u00e7in gerekli olan besin ve oksijen damarlar i\u00e7inde dola\u015fan kan arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan, pek \u00e7ok k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 h\u00fccreden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Ama kan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan t\u00fcm yap\u0131lar k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 incelendi\u011finde en fazla say\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcnen kan h\u00fccreleri\u00a0<strong>alyuvarlar<\/strong>d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri ad\u0131yla da bilinen alyuvarlar, kana k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 rengini verir. H\u00fccrelere oksijen g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr ve h\u00fccredeki karbondioksiti geri al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Alyuvarlar, olu\u015fumlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdeklidir, olgunla\u015fmalar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7ekirdeklerini kaybeder. \u00c7ekirdeklerini daha fazla oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yabilmek i\u00e7in kaybederler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Alyuvarlara g\u00f6re daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ve \u00e7ekirdekli olan h\u00fccreler\u00a0<strong>akyuvarlar<\/strong>d\u0131r. Renkleri beyazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 K\u0131zam\u0131k, grip gibi hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 akyuvar h\u00fccreleri sava\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Bu beyaz h\u00fccreler, v\u00fccudun mikroplara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131nda g\u00f6revlidirler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kanda bulunan bir ba\u015fka h\u00fccre\u00a0<strong>kan pulcuklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan pulcuklar\u0131, boyutunun \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan pulcuklar\u0131 kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6reviyle kan kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kanda kan h\u00fccreleri ile birlikte bu h\u00fccrelerin damarlar i\u00e7inde hareketini sa\u011flayan kan s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 da bulunur. Kan s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131<strong>\u00a0plazma\u00a0<\/strong>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan h\u00fccreleri plazma i\u00e7inde y\u00fczer. Plazman\u0131n i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131ca \u015feker, vitamin, madensel maddeler ve \u00f6zel salg\u0131 maddeleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Temiz kan\u0131n t\u00fcm v\u00fccutta ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi yolculu\u011fa\u00a0<strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m<\/strong>, temizlenmek \u00fczere kan\u0131n akci\u011ferlere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculu\u011fa ise\u00a0<strong>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dola\u015f\u0131m<\/strong>\u00a0denir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kirli kan, toplardamar ile kalbin sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na gelir. Kar\u0131nc\u0131k ve kulak\u00e7\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki kapak, kirli kan\u0131n kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa gelmesi ile a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kan sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131ktan sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Sa\u011f kar\u0131nc\u0131k, temizlenmesi i\u00e7in kan\u0131 akci\u011ferlere yollar. Akci\u011ferlerde temizlenen kan, kalbin sol kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na gelir. Aradaki kapak yine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kan sol kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Sol kar\u0131nc\u0131k kan\u0131 v\u00fccuda pompalar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAN GRUPLARI:<\/strong>\u00a0Kan gruplar\u0131 ki\u015fiye \u00f6zg\u00fc olan bir \u00f6zelliktir. D\u00f6rt \u00e7e\u015fit kan grubu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar; A, B, AB ve 0 gruplar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan proteinlere g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kana ihtiyac\u0131 olan insanlara kan verilmesine\u00a0<strong>kan nakli\u00a0<\/strong>denir. Kan nakli, kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n uygunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Her kan grubu kendi i\u00e7erisinde birbirinden kan al\u0131p verebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 S\u0131f\u0131r ve AB kan gruplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 S\u0131f\u0131r kan grubu, di\u011fer t\u00fcm kan gruplar\u0131na kan verebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u00a0genel verici, AB kan grubu ise di\u011fer t\u00fcm kan gruplar\u0131ndan kan alabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u00a0genel al\u0131c\u0131\u00a0olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda b\u00f6yle bir uygulama yoktur. Yani hastanede AB kan grubundan bir insandan al\u0131nan kan A, B ya da s\u0131f\u0131r kan grubu insanlara verilmez.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 kan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kan al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi bir\u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131k problemine, hatta \u00f6l\u00fcmlere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan gruplar\u0131 tayin edilirken bir de Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc belirlenir. Kan gruplar\u0131 Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcyle beraber adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc baz\u0131 bireylerde Rh pozitif, baz\u0131 bireylerde ise Rh negatiftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Kan gruplar\u0131yla beraber Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fc de kan naklinde \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LENF DOLA\u015eIMI:<\/strong>\u00a0Dola\u015f\u0131m sisteminde kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan ve lenf dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen ba\u015fka bir dola\u015f\u0131m sistemi daha vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Bu sistem, lenf, lenf damarlar\u0131 ve lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Lenf, lenf damarlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ak\u0131c\u0131 bir maddedir. Lenf damarlar\u0131, kandan h\u00fccreler aras\u0131na s\u0131zan maddeleri toplayarak yeniden kana kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Lenf d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ise v\u00fccudumuzu hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 korur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>BA\u011eI\u015eIKLIK S\u0130STEM\u0130:<\/strong>\u00a0Mikroplar solunan havada, yemeklerde, k\u0131sacas\u0131 her yerde olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 V\u00fccudunuz kendisini zararl\u0131 mikroplardan uzak tutabilecek bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Deri, ter, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve mukus mikroplar\u0131n v\u00fccuda girmesini engeller ve onlar\u0131n v\u00fccuttan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. Bunlar v\u00fccudun do\u011fal engelleridir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 K\u0131zam\u0131k, \u00e7ocuk felci, kolera, grip, u\u00e7uk, hepatit B, A\u0130DS, verem gibi bir \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an zararl\u0131 mikroorganizmalar\u0131 vir\u00fcs ve baz\u0131 bakterilerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Vir\u00fcsler ne canl\u0131 ne cans\u0131zd\u0131r. Beslenme, \u00fcreme, hareket gibi canl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6steremedikleri i\u00e7in cans\u0131z, kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bilgileri ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bir ba\u015fka canl\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccrelerinde \u00fcreyebildikleri i\u00e7in canl\u0131 olarak nitelendirilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Vir\u00fcsler, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in belirli bir canl\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir h\u00fccresine yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Ku\u015f gribi, su\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, \u00e7ocuk felci, k\u0131zam\u0131k gibi baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klara vir\u00fcsler neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Bakteriler ise bir h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lard\u0131r. H\u00fccre zar\u0131, sitoplazma ve sitoplazma i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bilgileri ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Bakterilerin mitokondri, kloroplast gibi organelleri bulunmaz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Verem, kolera, c\u00fczzam gibi hastal\u0131klara bakteriler neden olur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn bakteriler zararl\u0131 mikroorganizmalar de\u011fildir. Peynir, yo\u011furt, ekmek, sirke vb. yap\u0131m\u0131nda yararl\u0131 bakteriler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Vir\u00fcsler ve zararl\u0131 bakteriler, v\u00fccuda girince ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi onlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7er. Bunun i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Hastalanmadan \u00f6nce a\u015f\u0131 ile v\u00fccuda \u00f6l\u00fc veya zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mikroplar verilir. Hasta etmeyecek d\u00fczeyde verilen mikroplar, savunmac\u0131 h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131r ve v\u00fccuda farkl\u0131 bir zamanda ayn\u0131 mikrop d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tekrar girdi\u011finde ona kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Bebeklikten yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe kadar bir\u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131 vurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 A\u015f\u0131 olunmam\u0131\u015f ve mikrop v\u00fccuda girerek hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmu\u015fsa serum ya da ila\u00e7 al\u0131narak mikroplardan korunulabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, geli\u015fen teknoloji ile birlikte bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015f\u0131, serum ve ila\u00e7lar \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>SOLUNUM S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Solunum sisteminde g\u00f6revli olan yap\u0131 ve organlar burun, yutak, g\u0131rtlak, soluk borusu, bron\u015f, bron\u015f\u00e7uklar ve akci\u011ferlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Solunum sisteminin g\u00f6revi, v\u00fccudumuz i\u00e7in gerekli olan oksijeni havadan al\u0131n\u0131p v\u00fccudumuzda olu\u015fan karbon dioksitin v\u00fccut d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Akci\u011ferler: S<\/strong>\u00fcngerimsi yap\u0131da olan akci\u011ferler biri sa\u011fda, di\u011feri solda olmak \u00fczere iki tanedir. Akci\u011ferlerin yap\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00e7ok ince duvarlar\u0131 olan<strong>alveoller\u00a0<\/strong>bulunur. Alveollerin \u00e7evresi \u00e7ok say\u0131daki\u00a0<strong>k\u0131lcal damarlarla\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e7evrilidir. Akci\u011ferle kan aras\u0131ndaki gaz al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi alveollerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda, v\u00fccutta kirlenen kan, temizlenmek \u00fczere kalpten akci\u011ferlerdeki alveollere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Alveollerin etraf\u0131 k\u0131lcal damarlarla \u00e7evrilidir. K\u0131lcal damarlardaki kirli kan alveollerdeki oksijeni al\u0131r, karbondioksiti alveollere verir. Temiz kan, akci\u011fer toplardamar\u0131yla kalbe d\u00f6nerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Nefes ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda akci\u011ferlerimiz hava ile dolmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla akci\u011ferlerimiz \u015fi\u015fecektir. Nefesimizi verdi\u011fimizde ise akci\u011ferlerimiz eski h\u00e2line geri d\u00f6necektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Nefes al\u0131p verirken g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesinin hacminin artmas\u0131 ve azalmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesimizin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan bir kas, kas\u0131l\u0131p gev\u015feyerek hacim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bu kas\u0131n ad\u0131\u00a0<strong>diyaframd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Diyafram, istemsiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fcz bir kast\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Diyafram, soluk al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kas\u0131l\u0131r ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru inerek g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funun hacmini art\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece akci\u011ferlerin \u015fi\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Soluk verdi\u011finizde ise gev\u015fer ve yukar\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funun hacmini daralt\u0131r. Akci\u011ferlerin daralarak eski h\u00e2line d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Hava kirlili\u011fi, sigara ve alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131, asbest gibi kimyasal maddeler solunumda g\u00f6revli yap\u203a ve organlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiler. Bunun sonucunda bron\u015fit, zat\u00fcrree, verem, grip, akci\u011fer kanseri, ast\u0131m gibi baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0097\u00a0 Erken te\u015fhis ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeler sayesinde bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klar tedavi edilebilmektedir. Grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, ast\u0131m tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan sprey t\u00fcr\u00fc ila\u00e7lar bu teknolojik geli\u015fmeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DESTEK ve HAREKET S\u0130STEM\u0130 \u0097\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 yap\u0131da kemikler eklemlerle birle\u015ferek iskeleti olu\u015fturur. Kaslar da v\u00fccuda \u015fekil vermede ve hareketi sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. \u0097\u00a0\u00a0Kemik zar\u0131\u00a0kemi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tamamen sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kemik zar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi kemi\u011fin\u00a0onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve beslenmesini\u00a0sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.Kemik zar\u0131,\u00a0enine b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flar. \u0097\u00a0 Kemi\u011fin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki sert yap\u0131ya\u00a0sert kemik\u00a0ad\u0131 verilir. Sert kemik, kemi\u011fe\u00a0dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k verir. \u0097\u00a0 Kemi\u011fin ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8230; <a title=\"V\u00fccudumuzdaki Sistemler\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/vucudumuzdaki-sistemler.html\" aria-label=\"More on V\u00fccudumuzdaki Sistemler\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-teknoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49514\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}