Her c\u00fcmle belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, duyguyu aktarmak i\u00e7in kurulur. Bu c\u00fcmlenin, ifade edece\u011fi anlam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca gereksiz unsurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r bu c\u00fcmle. \u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermeyen c\u00fcmleler, anlat\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bozuktur.<\/p>\n
Bu konu ile ilgili, \u00d6SS\u2019de 5 ya da 6 soru \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Sadece anlamla ilgili olmay\u0131p dilbilgisi ile de ilgili \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden, daha \u00f6nceki konular\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle c\u00fcmle \u00f6\u011felerinin, \u00e7ok iyi bilinmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Bu alanda sorulan sorular de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6sterir. Bazen bir c\u00fcmle verilir ve \u201cBu c\u00fcmledeki anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011fu nas\u0131l giderilir?\u201d diye sorulur, bazen de \u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden hangisinde anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011fu vard\u0131r?\u201d \u015feklinde sorulur.<\/p>\n
Anlat\u0131m bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 anlama ve yap\u0131ya dayal\u0131 bozukluklar olmak \u00fczere iki grupta toplayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
1. Anlama dayal\u0131 bozukluklar:<\/p>\n
Bu bozukluklar\u0131 birka\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rarak inceleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
* Gereksiz s\u00f6zc\u00fck kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* C\u00fcmlede belirsizlik bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen ifadelerin bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anlamca c\u00fcmleye uymamas\u0131<\/p>\n
* S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin yanl\u0131\u015f eyleme ba\u011flanmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Mant\u0131k hatas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Deyimin yanl\u0131\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015f yerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Bazen de bu belirsizlik noktalama i\u015faretleriyle giderilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cYa\u015fl\u0131 adam\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne dalg\u0131n dalg\u0131n bakt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cdalg\u0131n dalg\u0131n\u201d bakan\u0131n \u201cya\u015fl\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmek i\u00e7in, \u201cya\u015fl\u0131\u201d dan sonra virg\u00fcl gelmelidir. Aksi takdirde \u201cya\u015fl\u0131\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc adam isminin s\u0131fat\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* C\u00fcmlede gereksiz s\u00f6zc\u00fck kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
Bir c\u00fcmlede gereksiz s\u00f6zc\u00fck bulundu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, s\u00f6zc\u00fck c\u00fcmleden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda c\u00fcmlenin anlam ve anlat\u0131m\u0131nda bir bozulma oluyorsa o s\u00f6zc\u00fck gerekli, olmuyorsa gereksizdir.<\/p>\n
\u201cHerkesi ele\u015ftirip tenkit etmek bize hi\u00e7bir yarar sa\u011flamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cele\u015ftirip\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn verdi\u011fi anlamla \u201ctenkit etmek\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn verdi\u011fi anlam ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse bu c\u00fcmlede \u201cele\u015ftirip\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc gereksizdir. C\u00fcmleden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130ki karde\u015ften en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arkada\u015f\u0131md\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBilgili insanlardan yararlanmay\u0131, istifade etmeyi bilmeliyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlelerinde alt\u0131 \u00e7izili s\u00f6zc\u00fckler gereksizdir.<\/p>\n
* Bir c\u00fcmlenin anlam\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan ba\u015fka bir s\u00f6z\u00fc c\u00fcmlede kullanmak da gereksiz s\u00f6zc\u00fck kullan\u0131m\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n
C\u00fcmlede b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck varsa, o c\u00fcmle de anlat\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bozuktur.<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u00f6yle y\u00fcksek sesle ba\u011f\u0131rmana gerek yok, sa\u011f\u0131r de\u011filim.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cba\u011f\u0131rmak\u201d zaten y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn anlam\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan \u201cy\u00fcksek sesle\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n
* C\u00fcmlede belirsizlik varsa, o c\u00fcmle iyi bir c\u00fcmle de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu belirsizlik mutlaka giderilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cGelece\u011fini babamdan \u00f6\u011frendim.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cgelece\u011fini\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc belirsizdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimin gelece\u011fi belli de\u011fil. \u201cOnun gelece\u011fi\u201d de olabilir; \u201csenin gelece\u011fin\u201d de olabilir. Bu belirsizlik giderilmeli ve s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kime ait oldu\u011fu belirginle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
* Baz\u0131 eylemler olumlu durumlarda, baz\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Eylemin anlamca yanl\u0131\u015f yerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cBana yard\u0131m ederek, i\u015fi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirmeme neden oldu..\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesindeki \u201cneden olmak\u201d eylemi daima olumsuz anlamlar verecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa i\u015fin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirilmesi olumlu bir durumdur. \u00d6yleyse \u201cneden oldu\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc bu c\u00fcmlede yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun yerine c\u00fcmle \u201c\u2026bitirmemi sa\u011flad\u0131.\u201d \u015feklinde bitirilebilir.<\/p>\n
* Baz\u0131 c\u00fcmlelerde mant\u0131k hatas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 da o c\u00fcmlenin anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bozar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n patates do\u011framay\u0131 yemek bile yapamaz o.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cb\u0131rak\u0131n\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u00fcmleye katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamdan dolay\u0131 sanki patates do\u011framak yemek yapmaktan daha \u00f6nemliymi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in c\u00fcmle,<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n yemek yapmay\u0131, patates bile do\u011frayamaz o.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenmelidir.<\/p>\n
* Bazen s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak eylemler de anlat\u0131mda bozuklu\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cBu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla bize yarar m\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131 zarar m\u0131 belli de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cyarar\u201d ve \u201czarar\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri \u201csa\u011flad\u0131\u201d eylemine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u201cyarar sa\u011flamak\u201d do\u011fru olsa bile, \u201czarar sa\u011flamak\u201d do\u011fru de\u011fildir. C\u00fcmle;<\/p>\n
\u201cBu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla bize yarar m\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131, zarar m\u0131 verdi belli de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenmelidir.<\/p>\n
* Bu, bazen \u00f6\u011felerin eyleme ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cAya\u011f\u0131na ayakkab\u0131, omzuna \u015fal, \u00fczerine pardes\u00fc giyip d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cayakkab\u0131, \u015fal ve pardes\u00fc\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri \u201cgiymek\u201d eylemine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa \u015fal giyilmez, at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* C\u00fcmlede deyimin yanl\u0131\u015f yerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da c\u00fcmlenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 bozar.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6\u011fretmenin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Herkes kulak kabartm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6\u011fretmeni dinliyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201ckulak kabartm\u0131\u015f\u201d yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201ckulak kabartmak\u201d fark ettirmeden dinlemek anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Burada \u201ckulak kesilmek\u201d deyiminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirdi.<\/p>\n
* Baz\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin anlamlar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. C\u00fcmledeki s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin anlam\u0131na da dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n birbiriyle uygunluk i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131 beni sevindirdi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesindeki \u201cuygunluk\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada \u201cuyum\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* Bazen s\u00f6zc\u00fck do\u011frudur ancak c\u00fcmlede bulundu\u011fu yer do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cYeni elbisemi giymi\u015ftim ki kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u00fcmlesinde \u201cyeni\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yeri anlat\u0131mda bozuklu\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada s\u00f6ylenmek istenen, elbisenin yenili\u011fi de\u011fil, giymenin yeni yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse c\u00fcmle;<\/p>\n
\u201cElbisemi yeni giymi\u015ftim ki kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d \u015feklinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* Ayn\u0131 anlama gelen ek ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin bir arada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cOnun beni sevmemesinin nedeni, fikirlerini benimsememi\u015f olmamdand\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cnedeni\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir olay\u0131n sebebini anlat\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca \u201colmamdand\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u201c-dan\u201d eki de neden anlam\u0131 veren bir ektir. \u0130kisinin bir arada bulunmas\u0131 c\u00fcmlenin anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. C\u00fcmle,<\/p>\n
\u201cOnun beni sevmemesinin nedeni, fikirlerini benimsememi\u015f olmamd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklinde d\u00fczeltilebilir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131ya dayal\u0131 anlat\u0131m bozukluklar\u0131:<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr bozukluklar daha \u00e7ok, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin kurallar\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011fundan, sorular\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilmek i\u00e7in dilbilgisi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n iyi bilinmesi gerekir. Bu t\u00fcr bozukluklar \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n
* \u00d6\u011fe eksikli\u011finin bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* \u00d6zneyle y\u00fcklem aras\u0131nda olumluluk-olumsuzluk uyumsuzlu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* \u00d6zneyle y\u00fcklem aras\u0131nda tekillik-\u00e7o\u011fulluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uyumsuzlu\u011fun bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* \u00d6zneyle y\u00fcklem aras\u0131nda \u015fah\u0131s y\u00f6n\u00fcnden uyumsuzlu\u011fun bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Tamlama uyumsuzlu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Ek uyumsuzlu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* Etken-edilgen fiillerin bir arada bulunmas\u0131<\/p>\n
* \u0130sim c\u00fcmlelerinde ekfiilin ortak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi bunlar\u0131 tek tek a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
*C\u00fcmlede, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir \u00f6\u011fenin bulunmamas\u0131, anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar. Bu, daha \u00e7ok ortak kullan\u0131> \u00f6\u011felerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede her fiil, \u00f6\u011feleri ayn\u0131 eklerle kendine ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cKarde\u015fini yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131, bir \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesindeki \u00f6\u011feleri inceleyelim: \u201c\u00c7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u201d ve \u201cs\u00f6yledi\u201d y\u00fcklemdir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131> ve s\u00f6ylenen ki\u015fi ise \u201ckarde\u015fi\u201d dir. Yani \u201cKarde\u015fini\u201d \u00f6\u011fesi her iki y\u00fcklemin ortak \u00f6\u011fesidir. Bu ortak \u00f6\u011feyi y\u00fcklemlerle kullanal\u0131m. \u201cKarde\u015fini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u201d do\u011frudur; ancak \u201ckarde\u015fini bir \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi.\u201d denmez, \u201ckarde\u015fine bir \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi.\u201d olmal\u0131. \u201cKarde\u015f\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iki kez kullanmamak i\u00e7in \u201cona\u201d da diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek verelim:<\/p>\n
\u201cArkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 pek sevmez, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman nefret ederdi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde, sevmedi\u011fi ki\u015filer ile nefret etti\u011fi ki\u015filer ayn\u0131d\u0131r, yani \u201carkada\u015flar\u0131\u201d ortak \u00f6\u011fedir. Ancak \u201carkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sevmez\u201d dense de \u201carkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 nefret ederdi.\u201d denmez; \u201carkada\u015flar\u0131ndan nefret ederdi.\u201d denmeli ya da onun yerine ge\u00e7en \u201conlardan\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi bu t\u00fcr bozukluklar daha \u00e7ok s\u0131ral\u0131 c\u00fcmlelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, ancak bile\u015fik c\u00fcmlelerde de bu t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011fe eksiklikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
*T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de baz\u0131 \u00f6zneler olumlu, baz\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz anlamlar verir. Buna g\u00f6re y\u00fcklemlerin de olumlu, olumsuz \u00e7ekimlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cHi\u00e7 kimse okula gelmedi, geziye gitti.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde gelmeyen ve gidenler ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer, ancak \u201chi\u00e7 kimse\u201d olumsuz bir \u00f6znedir ve y\u00fcklemi daima olumsuz \u00e7ekimlenir. Oysa \u201cgitti\u201d olumlu bir \u00e7ekimdir. Yani ikinci c\u00fcmle \u00f6zneyle uyum sa\u011flamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna \u201chepsi\u201d \u015feklinde bir \u00f6zne getirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7i bu, sadece \u00f6zneyle ilgili bir durum de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ba\u015fka \u00f6\u011fe durumunda bulunduklar\u0131nda da y\u00fcklem ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6\u011fretmenimiz hi\u00e7birimizi azarlamaz, \u00e7ok severdi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde, yine \u201chi\u00e7birimizi\u201d olumsuz oldu\u011fundan \u201chi\u00e7birimizi severdi\u201d \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lmaz; \u201chepimizi severdi\u201d olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*C\u00fcmlede \u00f6znenin ifade etti\u011fi \u015fah\u0131slarla y\u00fcklemin bildirdi\u011fi \u015fah\u0131s aras\u0131nda bir uyum olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zne birinci tekil, ikinci tekil (ben, sen); birinci tekil, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tekil (ben, o); birinci tekil, ikinci \u00e7o\u011ful, (ben, siz); birinci tekil, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7o\u011ful (ben, onlar) \u015fah\u0131slardan olu\u015fuyorsa y\u00fcklem, daima birinci \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fah\u0131sa g\u00f6re \u00e7ekimlenir.<\/p>\n
\u201cBu i\u015fi ancak ben ve sen halledebiliriz.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cD\u0131\u015far\u0131da sadece ben ve o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBen ve siz yar\u0131\u015fmada e\u015fit durumda de\u011fildik.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBen ve birka\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 adam, kahvede uzun bir sohbete dalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmleleri buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer \u00f6zne ikinci tekil ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tekil (sen, o); ikinci tekil ve ikinci \u00e7o\u011ful (sen, siz); ikinci tekil ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7o\u011ful (sen, onlar); \u015fah\u0131slardan olu\u015fuyorsa, y\u00fcklem ikinci \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fah\u0131sa g\u00f6re \u00e7ekimlenir. Ancak ikinci tekil ve birinci \u00e7o\u011ful (sen, biz) \u015fah\u0131slar \u00f6zne olursa y\u00fcklem birinci \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fah\u0131sa g\u00f6re \u00e7ekimlenir.<\/p>\n
\u201cSen ve annen burada ne yap\u0131yordunuz?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cSen hatta hepiniz bu konuda su\u00e7lusunuz.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c Sen ve buradaki konuklar\u0131n, bize yar\u0131n gelebilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cGaliba sonunda senle biz ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015ft\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmleleri buna \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6znenin insan ya da ba\u015fka varl\u0131klar olmas\u0131 da y\u00fcklemin tekil veya \u00e7o\u011fullu\u011funu etkiler. E\u011fer \u00f6zne bitkiler, >, cans\u0131z varl\u0131klar ya da soyut kavramlarsa, y\u00fcklem daima tekil olur. \u0130nsanlar \u00e7o\u011ful \u00f6zne oldu\u011funda ise y\u00fcklem tekil veya \u00e7o\u011ful olabilir.<\/p>\n
\u201cKu\u015flar dallara kondular.\u201d de\u011fil \u201cKu\u015flar dallara kondu.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cSevgiler gizli kald\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fczelle\u015firler.\u201d de\u011fil \u201cg\u00fczelle\u015fir.\u201d olacak.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c7ocuklar geldi.\u201d \u015feklinde de do\u011frudur, \u201c\u00c7ocuklar geldiler.\u201d de.<\/p>\n
*Bazen \u00f6zneyle y\u00fcklem aras\u0131ndaki uyumsuzluk, \u00f6znenin anlam\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 bu y\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131, bir hayli artm\u0131\u015f.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cyap\u0131ld\u0131\u201d y\u00fckleminin \u00f6znesi \u201cn\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131\u201dd\u0131r, \u201cartm\u0131\u015f\u201d y\u00fckleminin \u00f6znesi ise \u201cn\u00fcfus\u201d olacakt\u0131r. Ancak c\u00fcmlede \u201cn\u00fcfus\u201d diye bir \u00f6zne yoktur. Sanki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, \u201cartm\u0131\u015f\u201d y\u00fckleminin \u00f6znesi olmu\u015ftur. Bu ise anlamca uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
*S\u0131fat ve isim tamlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 tamlanana ba\u011flanmas\u0131 anlat\u0131m bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc isim tamlamalar\u0131nda tamlanan iyelik eki ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde s\u0131fat tamlamalar\u0131nda tamlanan ek almaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tamlananlar, niteli\u011fi farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, ortak kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cKaza yerine bir\u00e7ok askeri ve polis arac\u0131 geldi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cara\u00e7\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc hem \u201caskeri\u201d hem \u201cpolis\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin tamlanan\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. Ancak \u201cpolis arac\u0131\u201d isim tamlamas\u0131d\u0131r ve tamlanan iyelik eki alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cAskeri\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise s\u0131fat olabilecek bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr ve \u201caskeri ara\u00e7\u201d \u015feklinde s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131 yapar; tamlanan da ek almaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortak tamlanan olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. C\u00fcmle;<\/p>\n
\u201cKaza yerine bir\u00e7ok askeri ara\u00e7la polis arac\u0131 geldi.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Burada ayr\u0131ca s\u0131fat tamlamalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de ifade edelim. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de s\u0131fatlar \u00e7o\u011ful anlam verirse isimler \u00e7o\u011ful eki almaz. Bu \u00f6zellik genellikle belgisiz s\u0131fatlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cGeceye bir\u00e7ok davetliler kat\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cbir\u00e7ok\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 \u00e7o\u011ful bir anlam verdi\u011fi halde davetliler s\u00f6z\u00fc de \u00e7o\u011ful eki alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcmleden \u00e7o\u011ful eki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*C\u00fcmlede eklerin eksik kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 c\u00fcmlenin anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bozar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cHer \u00fclke, d\u00fcnya devletleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer edinmek i\u00e7in, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fmesi gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cgeli\u015fmesi\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki iyelik ekinin, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nereye ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil; \u201ckimin geli\u015fmesi gerekir?\u201d diye sorarsak \u201c\u00fclkenin\u201d cevab\u0131 gelir. \u00d6yleyse \u201c\u00fclke\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ilgi eki (-in) getirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bazen de bu durumun tersi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u201cSanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, topluma yararl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi olmak i\u00e7in, eserinde mutlaka toplum sorunlar\u0131na yer vermelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cyer veren kim?\u201d sorusuna \u201csanat\u00e7\u0131\u201d cevap verir. Oysa c\u00fcmlede \u201csanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n\u201d denmi\u015f. Ya bu s\u00f6zc\u00fckteki ilgi eki kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ya da y\u00fcklem \u201cvermesi gerekir\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
*Baz\u0131 c\u00fcmlelerde ise s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri birbirine ba\u011flayan ekler yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cSenin en be\u011fendi\u011fim yan\u0131n, lerine d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u00fcmlede \u00f6\u011feleri ortak olarak kullanan etken ve edilgen fiiller bir arada bulunmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn yemekleri haz\u0131rlay\u0131p bir kenara koyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde \u201chaz\u0131rlamak\u201d etken \u201ckoyulmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d edilgen fiillerdir. Bunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6\u011felerle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bozuklu\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcmle;<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn yemekler haz\u0131rlanarak, bir kenara koyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenirse bozukluk giderilir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131ral\u0131 isim c\u00fcmlelerinde ekfiilin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da bazen bozuklu\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n
\u201cO ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015fair geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131, ama yeniliklere kapal\u0131 de\u011fildi.\u201d<\/p>\n
c\u00fcmlesinde iki yarg\u0131 vard\u0131r: \u015eairin geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeniliklere de kapal\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, oysa c\u00fcmlede \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc y\u00fcklem gibi kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u201cde\u011fildi\u201d edat\u0131na ba\u011f>\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece \u015fairin geleneklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bunu engellemek i\u00e7in \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131\u201d \u015fekline getirilmelidir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Her c\u00fcmle belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, duyguyu aktarmak i\u00e7in kurulur. Bu c\u00fcmlenin, ifade edece\u011fi anlam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca gereksiz unsurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r bu c\u00fcmle. \u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermeyen c\u00fcmleler, anlat\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bozuktur. Bu konu ile ilgili, \u00d6SS\u2019de 5 ya da 6 soru \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Sadece anlamla ilgili olmay\u0131p dilbilgisi … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49502\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}