{"id":47872,"date":"2013-11-30T20:45:26","date_gmt":"2013-11-30T18:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=47872"},"modified":"2013-11-30T20:45:26","modified_gmt":"2013-11-30T18:45:26","slug":"tarihte-insan-haklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tarihte-insan-haklari.html","title":{"rendered":"Tarihte \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

insan haklar\u0131 tarih\u00e7esi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan haklar\u0131,<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan haklar\u0131, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere denir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131, \u0131rk, din, dil ve cinsiyet ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n yararlanabilece\u011fi haklard\u0131r. Bu haklar\u0131 kullanmakta herkes e\u015fittir. Di\u011fer yandan insan haklar\u0131 terimi bir ideali i\u00e7erir. Bu terimi kullananlar, bu alanda olan\u0131 de\u011fil, olmas\u0131 gerekeni dile getirirler.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi binlerce y\u0131l\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r ve kaydedilmi\u015f tarih i\u00e7inde dinsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, felsefi ve yasal anlamda geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok antik belge, dinler ve felsefe insan haklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilebilecek \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kavram\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok dikkate de\u011fer olanlar; Pers \u0130mparatoru B\u00fcy\u00fck Kiros taraf\u0131ndan Yeni Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu fethetmesinden sonra \u00fczerinde niyetlerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6 539 tarihli Kiros Silindiri, Hintli B\u00fcy\u00fck Asoka\u2019n\u0131n M\u00d6 272 – M\u00d6 231 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan Asoka Fermanlar\u0131 ve 622\u2019de, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131, Yahudileri ve Paganlar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde Yathrib \u015fehrinin (daha sonraki ismi Medine) \u00f6nde gelen a\u015firet ve aileleri aras\u0131nda resmi bir antla\u015fma olarak Muhammed bin Abdullah taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Medine S\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir<\/p>\n

1215 tarihli Magna Carta\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz hukuk tarihi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nemi oldu\u011fu kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve anayasa hukuku i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

XX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda insan haklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok grup ve hareket insan haklar\u0131 ad\u0131na 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da ve Kuzey Amerika’da, sendikalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n greve gitme hakk\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alan, asgari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan yasalar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 hareketi kad\u0131n\u0131n oy verme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00fclkelerinden \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131lar. En etkileyici ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketlerinden birisi Hindistan’\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan Mahatma Gandhi’nin hareketidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde uzun s\u00fcreli \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve dini bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n hareketleri ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu; ABD’de de sivil haklar hareketi ve daha yak\u0131n zamanlarda \u00e7e\u015fitli kimlik politikalar\u0131 hareketlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi. Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 Komitesi’nin kurulmas\u0131, 1864 Lieber S\u00f6z\u00fc ve gene 1864’teki ilk Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri iki D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra daha da geli\u015ftirilecek olan Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsaniyet Yasas\u0131n\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131, inan\u0131lmaz boyuttaki insan kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri modern insan haklar\u0131 belgelerinin geli\u015fiminin arkas\u0131ndaki itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Milletler Cemiyeti, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 takiben 1919’da yap\u0131lan Versailles Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde kuruldu. Cemiyet’in hedefleri \u015funlard\u0131;silahs\u0131zlanma, ortak g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleme, diplomasi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yoluyla \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak ve k\u00fcresel refah\u0131 art\u0131rmak. Daha sonra Evrensel \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi’nde yer alacak olan haklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu savunma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kurulu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131nda vard\u0131. 1945’teki Yalta Konferans\u0131da M\u00fcttefik G\u00fc\u00e7ler Cemiyet’in rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamak \u00fczere yeni bir yap\u0131 kurma karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar.Bu yap\u0131 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler olacakt\u0131. BM kurulu\u015fundan bug\u00fcne kadar uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

insan haklar\u0131 tarih\u00e7esi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan haklar\u0131, \u0130nsan haklar\u0131, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere denir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131, \u0131rk, din, dil ve cinsiyet ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n yararlanabilece\u011fi haklard\u0131r. Bu haklar\u0131 kullanmakta herkes e\u015fittir. Di\u011fer yandan insan haklar\u0131 terimi bir ideali i\u00e7erir. Bu terimi kullananlar, bu alanda olan\u0131 de\u011fil, olmas\u0131 gerekeni dile getirirler. \u0130nsan … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13073],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-belirli-gun-ve-haftalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47872"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47872\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}