{"id":47744,"date":"2013-11-25T10:18:01","date_gmt":"2013-11-25T08:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=47744"},"modified":"2013-11-25T10:18:01","modified_gmt":"2013-11-25T08:18:01","slug":"sivilarin-basinci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/sivilarin-basinci.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Bas\u0131nc\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>SIVI BASINCI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n belli bir \u015fekli yoktur. \u0130\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131rlar. Bundan dolay\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n taban ve yan y\u00fczeylerine yani dokunduklar\u0131 her noktaya bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygularlar.<\/p>\n<p>Durgun s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z k\u00fctlesine (\u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na), yer \u00e7ekim ivmesine ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fine (a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fczeye olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na) ba\u011fl\u0131 olup bunlarla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken bas\u0131nc\u0131 hesaplanacak noktan\u0131n derinli\u011fi (h), s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (<strong>d<\/strong>s\u0131v\u0131) ve yer \u00e7ekimi ivmesi bilinmelidir.<br \/>\n<strong>Ps\u0131v\u0131 = h.d.g<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcnde etki eder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yandaki resimde s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6nde ayn\u0131 etkiyi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Resme dikkatli bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7erlerin ucu hangi tarafa \u00e7evrilirse \u00e7evrilsin g\u00f6stergelerde okunan de\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. Bu da bize s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6nde e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Burada dikkat etmemiz gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lan noktalar\u0131n derinliklerinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu. E\u011fer derinlik de\u011fi\u015fseydi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bas\u0131n\u00e7lar da de\u011fi\u015firdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 Bas\u0131nc\u0131na Derinli\u011fin Etkisi<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi artt\u0131k\u00e7a olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri artar. \u0130\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 dolu bir kab\u0131n farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 deldi\u011fimizde deliklerden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n tazyikleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. En alttaki delikten f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran suyun tazyiki di\u011ferlerinden daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu da bize derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131na yo\u011funlu\u011fun etkisi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yo\u011funluk artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131da ayn\u0131 oranda artar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fse dahi sabit kal\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fcne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda derinlik, \u00f6zk\u00fctle ve yer \u00e7ekimi ivmesinden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir fakt\u00f6r s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 etkilememektedir. Yanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen resim \u201cbirle\u015fik kaplar\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kapta farkl\u0131 \u015fekil ve kal\u0131nl\u0131kta 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdeki s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n hepsinin ayn\u0131 hizada olmas\u0131 \u015feklin \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Not 1:<\/b>Bir kap i\u00e7erisinde birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmayan s\u0131v\u0131lar varsa bu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kab\u0131n taban\u0131nda olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7, her bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kendi taban\u0131na uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir.<br \/>\nBirbirine kar\u0131\u015fmayan yani birbiri i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen s\u0131v\u0131lardan \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan s\u0131v\u0131 daime en altta bulunur.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pascal Prensibi<\/b><br \/>\nBilim insan\u0131 Bleyz Pascal, kapal\u0131 bir kapta s\u0131v\u0131ya uygulanan bas\u0131nc\u0131n bu s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcne uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Paskal(pascal) prensibi olarak an\u0131lan bu etkiden yararlanarak pek \u00e7ok makine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tulumbalar, Hidrolik frenler, vin\u00e7ler, itfaiye merdivenleri gibi makineler s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yandaki resim otomobil Tamirhanelerinde ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uygulanan bir y\u00f6ntemi g\u00f6steriyor. Pascal Prensibine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu kald\u0131ra\u00e7ta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pistondan uygulanan kuvvet (Fa) s\u0131v\u0131ya iletilmekte, s\u0131v\u0131 da bu bas\u0131nc\u0131 do\u011frudan di\u011fer pistona ileterek araban\u0131n havaya kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Pascal Prensibinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta \u00f6nemli uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r i\u015f makinelerinde tekerlek yerine paletler kullan\u0131larak bu makinelerin yere uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130la\u00e7lama pompalar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Su cendereleri<\/li>\n<li>Hidrolik fren sistemleri<\/li>\n<li>Bile\u015fik kaplar<\/li>\n<li>Ta\u015f\u0131ma ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri<\/li>\n<li>Tulumbalar<\/li>\n<li>Berber koltuklar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u0130tfaiye merdivenlerinin al\u00e7alt\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fckseltilmesinde bas\u0131n\u00e7tan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Bas\u0131nc\u0131na \u00d6rnekler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1- Denizlerde, derinlere dalan insanlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle vurgun yemesi.<br \/>\n2- Denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n ancak belirli bir derinli\u011fe kadar dalabilmesi.<br \/>\n3- Huniye gerilmi\u015f balon, huni s\u0131v\u0131ya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve balonun artan bas\u0131n\u00e7 nedeniyle i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ve bu sayede U borusundaki suyu y\u00fckseltmesi.<br \/>\n4- Huniye gerilmi\u015f balon, huni suya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazla i\u00e7eri \u00e7\u00f6kerek U borusundaki su seviyesini daha fazla y\u00fckseltmesi, alkole dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha az i\u00e7eri \u00e7\u00f6kerek U borusundaki su seviyesini daha az y\u00fckseltmesi.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>GAZ BASINCI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131 atmosfer tabakas\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. Azot, oksijen, az miktarda<b> <\/b>hidrojen, su buhar\u0131, karbon dioksit ve di\u011fer gazlardan olu\u015fan atmosfer, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 temas etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fczeylere bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygular. Buna, a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya da atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 denir<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in ters bardak deneyini yapabiliriz. Bu deneyde bir bardak a\u011fz\u0131na kadar suyla doldurulur ve bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t barda\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine kapat\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 elimizle tutup yava\u015f\u00e7a ters \u00e7evirdi\u011fimizde suyun d\u00f6k\u00fclmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyen havan\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir pet \u015fi\u015fenin i\u00e7indeki hava \u00e7ekilirse, \u015fi\u015fenin b\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunun sebebi plastik \u015fi\u015fenin i\u00e7indeki hava bo\u015fal\u0131nca i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 hava bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur ve \u015fi\u015fe i\u00e7e do\u011fru b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\nMeyve suyu kam\u0131\u015f ile kutudan \u00e7ekilirken i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fer ve kutu y\u00fczeyleri a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 etkisiyle i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan v\u00fccudunda i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 (kan bas\u0131nc\u0131) d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131 (atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131) dengeler. Fakat y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a hava bas\u0131nc\u0131<b> <\/b>d\u00fc\u015fer, bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n burunlar\u0131nda i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 fazla geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in kanama olur.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fczerinde ilk deneyleri yapan Torricelli (Tori\u00e7elli) \u2018dir. Tori\u00e7elli a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in 1metre uzunlu\u011funda i\u00e7i c\u0131va dolu cam bir boru kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu deneyde civa dolu boru i\u00e7i yine civa dolu kaba ters \u00e7evrilip ucu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, civan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kaba bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f ama bir miktar\u0131 hala boruda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu borudaki civa seviyesi milimetreyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 milimetre\/c\u0131va (mm\/Hg) cinsinden bulunmu\u015ftur. Deniz seviyesinde, 0 santigrat derecede atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 760 mmHg olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<b><i>Civan\u0131n \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi 13.6 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n insanlar \u00fczerine etkisi<\/b><br \/>\nAtmosferdeki gazlar canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z t\u00fcm varl\u0131lara bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygular. \u0130nsan v\u00fccuduna da ayn\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 etki etmektedir. Hava her santimetre kareye yakla\u015f\u0131k 10N kuvvet uygular. Bu hesapla ortalama bir insan v\u00fccuduna 150.000N kuvvet etki etmektedir. V\u00fccut i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131yla dengelendi\u011fi i\u00e7in 15 at arabas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu y\u00fck\u00fc biz hissedemeyiz.<br \/>\nUzaya \u00e7\u0131kan insanlar bu nedenle bas\u0131n\u00e7 dengeleyici elbiseler giymek zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uzayda v\u00fccut i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dengeleyecek bir hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aletler<br \/>\nG\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlanarak pek \u00e7ok alet geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle gazlar\u0131n itici etkisinden yararlan\u0131lan aletler yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Deodorantlarda, t\u0131ra\u015f k\u00f6p\u00fcklerinde, yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme t\u00fcplerinde, bisiklet pompalar\u0131nda, mutfak t\u00fcplerinde, otomobil hava yast\u0131klar\u0131nda hep gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\nA\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r, deniz seviyesine inildik\u00e7e artar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/b> Tori\u00e7elli\u2019nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 can \u00e7ubukla ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Barometre isimli aletler a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mekte kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<br \/>\nKapal\u0131 kaplardaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ise Manometre isimli aletlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p>Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>Pm &lt; PL &lt; Pk<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>SIVI BASINCI<\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n belli bir \u015fekli yoktur. \u0130\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131rlar. Bundan dolay\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n taban ve yan y\u00fczeylerine yani dokunduklar\u0131 her noktaya bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygularlar.<\/p>\n<p>Durgun s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z k\u00fctlesine (\u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na), yer \u00e7ekim ivmesine ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fine (a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fczeye olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na) ba\u011fl\u0131 olup bunlarla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 hesaplan\u0131rken bas\u0131nc\u0131 hesaplanacak noktan\u0131n derinli\u011fi (h), s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (<strong>d<\/strong>s\u0131v\u0131) ve yer \u00e7ekimi ivmesi bilinmelidir.<br \/>\n<strong>Ps\u0131v\u0131 = h.d.g<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcnde etki eder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yandaki resimde s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6nde ayn\u0131 etkiyi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Resme dikkatli bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7erlerin ucu hangi tarafa \u00e7evrilirse \u00e7evrilsin g\u00f6stergelerde okunan de\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. Bu da bize s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6nde e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Burada dikkat etmemiz gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131lan noktalar\u0131n derinliklerinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu. E\u011fer derinlik de\u011fi\u015fseydi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bas\u0131n\u00e7lar da de\u011fi\u015firdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 Bas\u0131nc\u0131na Derinli\u011fin Etkisi<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi artt\u0131k\u00e7a olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011feri artar. \u0130\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 dolu bir kab\u0131n farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 deldi\u011fimizde deliklerden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n tazyikleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r. En alttaki delikten f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran suyun tazyiki di\u011ferlerinden daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu da bize derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131na yo\u011funlu\u011fun etkisi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yo\u011funluk artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131da ayn\u0131 oranda artar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fse dahi sabit kal\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fcne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda derinlik, \u00f6zk\u00fctle ve yer \u00e7ekimi ivmesinden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir fakt\u00f6r s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 etkilememektedir. Yanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen resim \u201cbirle\u015fik kaplar\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kapta farkl\u0131 \u015fekil ve kal\u0131nl\u0131kta 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdeki s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n hepsinin ayn\u0131 hizada olmas\u0131 \u015feklin \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>Not 1:<\/b>Bir kap i\u00e7erisinde birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmayan s\u0131v\u0131lar varsa bu s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n kab\u0131n taban\u0131nda olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 toplam bas\u0131n\u00e7, her bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kendi taban\u0131na uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n toplam\u0131na e\u015fittir.<br \/>\nBirbirine kar\u0131\u015fmayan yani birbiri i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen s\u0131v\u0131lardan \u00f6z k\u00fctlesi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan s\u0131v\u0131 daime en altta bulunur.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pascal Prensibi<\/b><br \/>\nBilim insan\u0131 Bleyz Pascal, kapal\u0131 bir kapta s\u0131v\u0131ya uygulanan bas\u0131nc\u0131n bu s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcne uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Paskal(pascal) prensibi olarak an\u0131lan bu etkiden yararlanarak pek \u00e7ok makine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tulumbalar, Hidrolik frenler, vin\u00e7ler, itfaiye merdivenleri gibi makineler s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yandaki resim otomobil Tamirhanelerinde ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uygulanan bir y\u00f6ntemi g\u00f6steriyor. Pascal Prensibine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu kald\u0131ra\u00e7ta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pistondan uygulanan kuvvet (Fa) s\u0131v\u0131ya iletilmekte, s\u0131v\u0131 da bu bas\u0131nc\u0131 do\u011frudan di\u011fer pistona ileterek araban\u0131n havaya kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Pascal Prensibinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta \u00f6nemli uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131r i\u015f makinelerinde tekerlek yerine paletler kullan\u0131larak bu makinelerin yere uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130la\u00e7lama pompalar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Su cendereleri<\/li>\n<li>Hidrolik fren sistemleri<\/li>\n<li>Bile\u015fik kaplar<\/li>\n<li>Ta\u015f\u0131ma ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri<\/li>\n<li>Tulumbalar<\/li>\n<li>Berber koltuklar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u0130tfaiye merdivenlerinin al\u00e7alt\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fckseltilmesinde bas\u0131n\u00e7tan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Bas\u0131nc\u0131na \u00d6rnekler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1- Denizlerde, derinlere dalan insanlar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle vurgun yemesi.<br \/>\n2- Denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n ancak belirli bir derinli\u011fe kadar dalabilmesi.<br \/>\n3- Huniye gerilmi\u015f balon, huni s\u0131v\u0131ya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, derinlik artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131v\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 nedeniyle bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve balonun artan bas\u0131n\u00e7 nedeniyle i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ve bu sayede U borusundaki suyu y\u00fckseltmesi.<br \/>\n4- Huniye gerilmi\u015f balon, huni suya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazla i\u00e7eri \u00e7\u00f6kerek U borusundaki su seviyesini daha fazla y\u00fckseltmesi, alkole dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha az i\u00e7eri \u00e7\u00f6kerek U borusundaki su seviyesini daha az y\u00fckseltmesi.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>GAZ BASINCI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131 atmosfer tabakas\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. Azot, oksijen, az miktarda<b> <\/b>hidrojen, su buhar\u0131, karbon dioksit ve di\u011fer gazlardan olu\u015fan atmosfer, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 temas etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fczeylere bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygular. Buna, a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya da atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 denir<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in ters bardak deneyini yapabiliriz. Bu deneyde bir bardak a\u011fz\u0131na kadar suyla doldurulur ve bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t barda\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine kapat\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 elimizle tutup yava\u015f\u00e7a ters \u00e7evirdi\u011fimizde suyun d\u00f6k\u00fclmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyen havan\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir pet \u015fi\u015fenin i\u00e7indeki hava \u00e7ekilirse, \u015fi\u015fenin b\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunun sebebi plastik \u015fi\u015fenin i\u00e7indeki hava bo\u015fal\u0131nca i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 hava bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur ve \u015fi\u015fe i\u00e7e do\u011fru b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\nMeyve suyu kam\u0131\u015f ile kutudan \u00e7ekilirken i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fer ve kutu y\u00fczeyleri a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 etkisiyle i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan v\u00fccudunda i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 (kan bas\u0131nc\u0131) d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131 (atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131) dengeler. Fakat y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a hava bas\u0131nc\u0131<b> <\/b>d\u00fc\u015fer, bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n burunlar\u0131nda i\u00e7 bas\u0131n\u00e7 fazla geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in kanama olur.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fczerinde ilk deneyleri yapan Torricelli (Tori\u00e7elli) \u2018dir. Tori\u00e7elli a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in 1metre uzunlu\u011funda i\u00e7i c\u0131va dolu cam bir boru kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu deneyde civa dolu boru i\u00e7i yine civa dolu kaba ters \u00e7evrilip ucu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, civan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kaba bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f ama bir miktar\u0131 hala boruda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu borudaki civa seviyesi milimetreyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 milimetre\/c\u0131va (mm\/Hg) cinsinden bulunmu\u015ftur. Deniz seviyesinde, 0 santigrat derecede atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 760 mmHg olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<b><i>Civan\u0131n \u00f6zk\u00fctlesi 13.6 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n insanlar \u00fczerine etkisi<\/b><br \/>\nAtmosferdeki gazlar canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z t\u00fcm varl\u0131lara bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygular. \u0130nsan v\u00fccuduna da ayn\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 etki etmektedir. Hava her santimetre kareye yakla\u015f\u0131k 10N kuvvet uygular. Bu hesapla ortalama bir insan v\u00fccuduna 150.000N kuvvet etki etmektedir. V\u00fccut i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131yla dengelendi\u011fi i\u00e7in 15 at arabas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu y\u00fck\u00fc biz hissedemeyiz.<br \/>\nUzaya \u00e7\u0131kan insanlar bu nedenle bas\u0131n\u00e7 dengeleyici elbiseler giymek zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uzayda v\u00fccut i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dengeleyecek bir hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan aletler<br \/>\nG\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlanarak pek \u00e7ok alet geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle gazlar\u0131n itici etkisinden yararlan\u0131lan aletler yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Deodorantlarda, t\u0131ra\u015f k\u00f6p\u00fcklerinde, yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme t\u00fcplerinde, bisiklet pompalar\u0131nda, mutfak t\u00fcplerinde, otomobil hava yast\u0131klar\u0131nda hep gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\nA\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fckse\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a azal\u0131r, deniz seviyesine inildik\u00e7e artar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>A\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/b> Tori\u00e7elli\u2019nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 can \u00e7ubukla ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Barometre isimli aletler a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mekte kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<br \/>\nKapal\u0131 kaplardaki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ise Manometre isimli aletlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p>Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>Pm &lt; PL &lt; Pk<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SIVI BASINCI S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n belli bir \u015fekli yoktur. \u0130\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131rlar. Bundan dolay\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar bulunduklar\u0131 kab\u0131n taban ve yan y\u00fczeylerine yani dokunduklar\u0131 her noktaya bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygularlar. Durgun s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131; s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z k\u00fctlesine (\u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na), yer \u00e7ekim ivmesine ve s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fine (a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fczeye olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na) ba\u011fl\u0131 olup bunlarla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n Form\u00fcl\u00fc S\u0131v\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 &#8230; <a title=\"S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Bas\u0131nc\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/sivilarin-basinci.html\" aria-label=\"More on S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n Bas\u0131nc\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47744"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}