Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00fc\u00e7 temel yakla\u015f\u0131m bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kabul Edenler: <\/b>Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden yakla\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir. Teizm, Deizm, Panteizm.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
a) Teizm:<\/b> Tanr\u0131ya inanma<\/span><\/i><\/b> anlam\u0131na gelir, Tanr\u0131ya inanmama anlam\u0131na gelen Ataizm\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r<\/span><\/i><\/b>.\u00a0 Teizm, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onun evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, koruyucusu ve egemeni oldu\u011funu kabul eden<\/span> dini felsefedir. Teizme g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131 \u00f6ncesiz ve sonras\u0131zd\u0131r. D\u00fcnyayla s\u00fcrekli ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir. Evrende olup biten her \u015fey onun iradesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131l yoluyla kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in kan\u0131tlar ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir bunlar;<\/p>\n * Ontoloji Kan\u0131t:<\/b>\u00a0 Kan\u0131t\u0131n ontolojik olmas\u0131 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hareket edilmesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk kez \u00f6ne s\u00fcren St. Anselmus\u2019tur. Tanr\u0131 tasarlanabilen en yetkin (m\u00fckemmel) varl\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Tanr\u0131 kendisinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve yetkin olan bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tasarlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Yetkin bir varl\u0131k, var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yetkin olamaz. \u0130\u015fte bu anla\u015f\u0131ta, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n var olu\u015fu Tanr\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131ndan zorunlu olarak \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Descartes de bu kan\u0131t\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n * Kozmolojik Kan\u0131t:<\/b> \u0130lk neden kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak da bilinen bu kan\u0131t, ayn\u0131 zamanda nedensellik ilkesine dayan\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey nedensiz olamaz, var olan her \u015feye mutlak olarak, kendisinden \u00f6nce gelen bir \u015fey neden olmu\u015ftur. Kozmos (evren) de bu \u015fekilde dir. Evrenin var oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fimize gir onu bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc durumuna bir dizi neden ve sonucun getirmi\u015ftir. Neden sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisindeki sonu\u00e7 ilk nedenin Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n * D\u00fczen ve Ama\u00e7 Kan\u0131t\u0131: <\/b>\u00a0Bu kan\u0131t \u00e7evremizde do\u011fal d\u00fcnyaya bakt\u0131\u011fm\u0131zda, her \u015feyin kendi i\u015flevini yerine getirecek \u015fekilde, en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve ayarlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rece\u011fimizi belirtir. \u0130\u015fte bu durum bir yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n var olu\u015funu kan\u0131tlar. G\u00f6z\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki d\u00fczen ve ama\u00e7 bu kan\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6rneklendirir. D\u00fczen ve ama\u00e7 kendi kendine ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz, belli amaca hizmet eder, irade sahibi Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n * Ahlak Kan\u0131t\u0131: <\/b>Tanr\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 her \u015fey m\u00fcbah ( sevap ya da g\u00fcnah olmayan) olurdu. \u0130yi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn bir anlam ifade edebilmesi i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teminat\u0131 ise Tanr\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n * Dini Tecr\u00fcbe Kan\u0131t\u0131: <\/b>\u00a0Bir \u00e7ok insan Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak i\u00e7 duygular\u0131n\u0131 ve sezgilerine ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. Tasavvufta da Mevlana,\u00a0 Yunus Emre gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler bu gruba girerler. Tanr\u0131y\u0131 ispat etmeye gerek yoktur. O zaten sezgiyle kavranabilir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n b) Deizm: Deizm, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmakla birlikte Tanr\u0131n\u0131n evrenden a\u015fk\u0131n (transandantal) oldu\u011funu, evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, bir kez yarat\u0131p sonradan evrene m\u00fcdahale etmedi\u011fini savunur<\/span><\/i><\/b>.\u00a0 Deizm iki temel ilkeye dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n * Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131lla bilinen Tanr\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n * Evrenin yarat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kendi yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015fleyi\u015fi<\/p>\n Deizm dine ak\u0131lc\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mucizelere kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lara ve dogmalara itiraz eder. Locke, Rousseau ve Voltaire bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn savunucular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n c) Panteizm: <\/b>\u00a0Panteizim, Tanr\u0131 ile evreni bir k\u0131lan<\/span><\/i><\/b>, her \u015feyi Tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren felsefi \u00f6\u011fretidir. Tanr\u0131 evrenden ayr\u0131 de\u011fildir, tam tersine evren ile bir ve ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Tanr\u0131 evren ile \u00f6zde\u015ftir<\/span><\/i><\/b>. En \u00f6nemli temsilcisi Spinozad\u0131r. \u0130lk panteist filozof ise Xenofanes\u2019tir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Reddedenler:<\/b><\/p>\n Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddeden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ateizm<\/span><\/i><\/b>, ki\u015filere de ateist ad\u0131 verilir. Ateizm \u201cTanr\u0131tan\u0131mazl\u0131k<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u201d olarak dilimize \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Genel anlamda dini inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve t\u00fcm dinlere kar\u015f\u0131 olmay\u0131 ifade eder. Din felsefesinde ateizm evreni yine evrene dayanarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Tanr\u0131 ya da do\u011fal g\u00fc\u00e7 diye bir\u015feyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn kabul etmez. Ateizmin felsefi temeli Materyalizmdir<\/span><\/i><\/b>. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan kan\u0131tlar bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck Kan\u0131t\u0131: <\/b>\u00a0\u0130\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyada k\u00f6t\u00fc olarak niteledi\u011fimiz olu\u015fumlar vard\u0131r. Sava\u015flar, hastal\u0131klar, depremler, a\u00e7l\u0131k vb… Ateist bu noktada k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l olup da mutlak iyi olan bir Tanr\u0131dan bahsedilece\u011fini sorar. Olsayd\u0131 bu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 der. Ateizmin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki filozoflar bu kan\u0131ta \u201cBu d\u00fcnyada k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn var olu\u015fu, daha y\u00fcksek ahlaki iyiliklere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nabilir. Buna g\u00f6re e\u011fer yoksulluk olmasa, yoksullara yard\u0131m etme gibi ahlaki bak\u0131mdan iyi olan eylemler temelsiz kal\u0131rlar. Sava\u015flar, i\u015fkence ve toplu k\u0131y\u0131mlar vard\u0131r ama, kahramanlar, azizler ancak bunlar sayesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * Ahlaki gerek\u00e7eler Kan\u0131t\u0131:<\/b> Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirmemiz gereken iki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr vard\u0131r. Nietzsche ve Sartre<\/span><\/i><\/b>. \u0130ki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr de felsefelerinde ahlak\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ahlak s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fun da ise, insan\u0131n Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir \u00f6z\u00fc bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kendisinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sartre\u2019a g\u00f6re evrende kendi kendini yaratan tek varl\u0131k insand\u0131r. Her nesnenin bir \u00f6z\u00fc, bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir de varolu\u015fu vard\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re yaln\u0131z insanda varolu\u015f \u00f6zden \u00f6nce gelir. \u0130nsan \u00f6nce vard\u0131r, sonra \u015f\u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kendisi yarat\u0131r. (Varolu\u015fculuk \u2013 Egzistansiyalizm)<\/b><\/p>\n Nietzsche\u2019ye g\u00f6re insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir de\u011feri olacaksa, insan i\u00e7in bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ahlaktan s\u00f6z edilebilecekse, soncuzca g\u00fcce sahip olan bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n var olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130nsan\u0131n kendisini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yaratabilmesi i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131dan vazge\u00e7mek gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n 3. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bilinemeyece\u011fini Ya da Yoklu\u011funun Bilinemeyece\u011fini \u00d6ne S\u00fcren<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Tanr\u0131ya ili\u015fkin bilgiye sahip olunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n var oldu\u011funun da var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da kan\u0131tlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan \u00f6\u011fretiye felsefe de agnostisizm (bilinemezlik)<\/b> ad\u0131 verilir. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n var oldu\u011funun ya da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilke olarak bilinemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ilk olarak Sofist Protogoras<\/span><\/b> vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 TANRI\u2019NIN VARLI\u011eINA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N BAZI YAKLA\u015eIMLAR Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00fc\u00e7 temel yakla\u015f\u0131m bulunmaktad\u0131r. 1. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kabul Edenler: Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden yakla\u015f\u0131mlar \u00fc\u00e7 tanedir. Teizm, Deizm, Panteizm. a) Teizm: Tanr\u0131ya inanma anlam\u0131na gelir, Tanr\u0131ya inanmama anlam\u0131na gelen Ataizm\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Teizm, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onun evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, koruyucusu ve egemeni oldu\u011funu kabul eden dini … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13400],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-felsefe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47267\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}