{"id":45543,"date":"2013-09-29T19:29:41","date_gmt":"2013-09-29T16:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=45543"},"modified":"2013-09-29T19:29:41","modified_gmt":"2013-09-29T16:29:41","slug":"sabiha-sertelin-fikri-ve-edebi-yonu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/sabiha-sertelin-fikri-ve-edebi-yonu.html","title":{"rendered":"Sabiha Sertel\u2019in fikr\u00ee ve edeb\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sertel, Roman Gibi<\/i> adl\u0131 an\u0131 kitab\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Mecmua’<\/i>n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u015f\u00f6yle ifade eder: “\u00dcmitsizli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp etrafa zehir sa\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za yahut herkese milletin gelece\u011finden \u00fcmit kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za oturup elbirli\u011fi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve milletin k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fckselmesini ve ger\u00e7ek bir millet olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gerekir.”<\/p>\n

Derginin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00d6mer Seyfettin, Ali Canip, Falih R\u0131fk\u0131, Yusuf Ziya, Orhan Seyfi, Faruk Nafiz, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fczade Fuat, Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Tekin Alp ve Ya\u015far Nuri gibi yazarlar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Derginin kapanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Halide Edip’in arac\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir burs sayesinde, e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla, e\u011fitimine devam etmek \u00fczere ABD’ye gitti. 1919-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bernard Koleji’nde dil e\u011fitimi ald\u0131ktan sonra Columbia \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar Okulu’nda (The New York School of Social Works) e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Sertel burada sosyoloji derslerinde Morgan ve Le Play’in incelemelerini, Engels’in Ailenin, \u00d6zel M\u00fclkiyetin ve Devletin K\u00f6keni<\/i> ve daha sonra \u00e7evirisini de yapaca\u011f\u0131 Bebel’in Kad\u0131n ve Sosyalizm<\/i> metinlerini okudu. Burada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc e\u011fitimle birlikte Sertel, sosyalist ideolojiye odaklanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci k\u0131z\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131z do\u011fdu. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 Temmuz ay\u0131nda ailesiyle birlikte T\u00fcrkiye’ye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ankara’ya yerle\u015ftiler. \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu deste\u011fiyle \u201cSosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d projesine giri\u015fti ama proje hayata ge\u00e7irilemedi. Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131ndan sonra \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u015fiyle birlikte Resimli Ay<\/i> dergisini \u00e7\u0131kartmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Resimli Ay<\/i> ve Resimli Per\u015fembe’<\/i>de Cici Anne imzas\u0131yla kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkilerine ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. Bi\u00e7er, Sertel’in Cici Anne takma ad\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131larda yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131n-erkek sorununa ili\u015fkin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak ise siyasi yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda yazar, okuyuculardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar \u00fczerinden kad\u0131n-erkek ili\u015fkilerini yorumlamaktad\u0131r. Ancak Cici Anne’nin kendisi oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemez gibidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cCici Anne\u201d kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kad\u0131nl\u0131kla ilgili sorunlar\u0131yla, \u201cSabiha Sertel\u201d ise sol siyasetle, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle daha ciddi konularla ilgilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet<\/i> gazetesinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 nedeniyle \u201crejimi tenkit ve s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131na nifak sokmak\u201d su\u00e7uyla yarg\u0131land\u0131. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda kocas\u0131 Zekeriya Bey tutuklanarak Ankara’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, Sinop’ta \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l kalebentli\u011fe mahk\u00fbm edildi. Resimli Ay<\/i> dergisinin kapanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Sabiha Han\u0131m, Sevimli Ay’<\/i>\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda Resimli Ay<\/i> yeniden yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Derginin ikinci evresi kendi s\u00f6zleriyle \u201cyeni bir edebiyat\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funu g\u00f6steren bir devre\u201dydi. Naz\u0131m Hikmet Resimli Ay’<\/i>da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sertel’in sosyalizme yakla\u015fmas\u0131nda Naz\u0131m Hikmet’le dostlu\u011fu da rol oynad\u0131. Kad\u0131n konusu derginin ana konular\u0131ndan biri olmaya devam ederken bak\u0131m, sa\u011fl\u0131k, Hollywood y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00fczerine haberler gibi yaz\u0131lar da dergide yer al\u0131yordu. Bi\u00e7er bunu d\u00f6nemin destekledi\u011fi modern kad\u0131n imaj\u0131na ba\u011flarken, yeni ulus devletin modernli\u011finin d\u00fcnyaya kad\u0131nlar\u0131n modern g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da kan\u0131tlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan erken Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi reformlar\u0131n\u0131n bu konuda etkili oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n

Sabiha Han\u0131m, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da belediye se\u00e7imlerinde aday oldu. \u201cSavulun geliyorum\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesi nedeniyle yarg\u0131land\u0131. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Resimli Ay<\/i> kapand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Zekeriya Sertel Son Posta<\/i> gazetesini kurdu, \u015feker fabrikas\u0131 sahibi Hayri \u0130par’\u0131n haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u201c\u015eekerci Hayri Bey \u0130htikar Yapt\u0131!\u201d nedeniyle yarg\u0131lanarak Sultanahmet Cezaevi’ne g\u00f6nderildi. 29 Ekim 1933’te Cumhuriyet’in y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ile ilan edilen affa kadar 3 y\u0131l s\u00fcresince cezaevinde kald\u0131. Sabiha Sertel bu esnada Zekeriya Sertel’in Yunus Nadi ile \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hayat Ansiklopedisi’<\/i>nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Karl Kautsky’nin S\u0131n\u0131f Kavgas\u0131n\u0131, Adoratski’nin <\/b><\/i>Diyalektik Materyalizm<\/b>ini, Lenin’in Harp ve Sosyalizmini ve August Bebel’in <\/b><\/i>Kad\u0131n ve Sosyalizm<\/b>ini T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirdi.Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Kad\u0131k\u00f6y’de \u00e7ocuk yuvas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Tan<\/i> gazetesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, ABD’de yay\u0131nlanan \u201cY\u0131lda 100 Kitap\u201d serisini \u00f6rnek alarak “Tan Cep Kitaplar\u0131” dizisini yay\u0131nlad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck Mecmua<\/i>da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131n haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131lar\u0131n aksine Tan<\/i> gazetesindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda emperyalizm ve fa\u015fizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Sertel bu d\u00f6nemde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lar i\u00e7in Roman Gibi<\/i> adl\u0131 an\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u201c(b)en de b\u00f6ylece politik hayata girme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldum\u201d der.<\/p>\n

1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hintli idealist filozof Roy ile materyalist felsefeye ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131 \u00c7itra’n\u0131n Hindistan’\u0131n \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda s\u00fcren fikir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen \u00c7itra Roy ile Babas\u0131<\/i> roman\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Daha sonra ilk ve son say\u0131s\u0131 Mart 1936’da yay\u0131nlanan Projekt\u00f6r<\/i> dergisini \u00e7\u0131kartmaya giri\u015fti. Bi\u00e7er, \u201cMilli edebiyat yoktur, s\u0131n\u0131f edebiyat\u0131 vard\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derginin siyasi e\u011filimini yans\u0131tmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n

Sertel, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa ve ABD’ye gitti. Bu \u00fclkelerden Tan<\/i> gazetesine r\u00f6portaj ve yaz\u0131lar g\u00f6nderdi. Komunist bir dergi olan Voix Europ\u00e9enne<\/i> dergisinde yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cYeni Mecmua \u00c7ocuk Ne\u015friyat\u0131\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Efe Ali<\/i>, Hayvanlar Meclisi<\/i>, \u0130nci Gerdanl\u0131k<\/i>, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kahraman<\/i>, Mavi Boncuk<\/i>, Sihirbaz\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131<\/i>, \u015eehit \u00c7ocuk<\/i>, T\u0131ng\u0131r M\u0131ng\u0131r Ben Geldim<\/i>, Vatan U\u011fruna<\/i> gibi \u00e7ocuk kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Tevfik Fikret hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131larda, Yeni Sabah<\/i> gazetesine ve Sebil-\u00fc Re\u015fat<\/i> dergisi sahibi E\u015fref Edip Hoca’ya hakaretten yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tanda yazmas\u0131 siyasal iktidarca bir s\u00fcre engellendi. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 nedeniyle yarg\u0131land\u0131. <\/b><\/i>Tan<\/b>da yazmas\u0131 engellendi. 1941-1942 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Harbi Tarihini yazd\u0131. 1943’te Bas\u0131n Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’nden gelen yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir belgeyle <\/b><\/i>Tan<\/b>da yazmas\u0131 bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle yasakland\u0131. Sertel bu d\u00f6nemde Lenin’in Emperyalizm, Kapitalizmin Son Safhas\u0131d\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve Stalin’in <\/b><\/i>Leninizmin Problemleri<\/b>ni T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirdi. 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler<\/i> dergisini \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. 4 Aral\u0131k 1945’te bir k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma sonucu Tan<\/i> matbaas\u0131 yak\u0131ld\u0131. Sabiha Sertel kocas\u0131yla birlikte tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Giderek artan siyasal bask\u0131lar nedeniyle 1950’de T\u00fcrkiye\u201fden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6nce Paris, sonra Roma ve tekrar Paris’te ya\u015fad\u0131. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda kocas\u0131yla birlikte Budape\u015fte’ye gelerek Budape\u015fte Radyosu’nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1953’te Budape\u015fte Radyosu T\u00fcrk Seksiyonu \u015eefi oldu. TKP Budape\u015fte grubu sorumlusu oldu. 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda kocas\u0131 ve k\u0131z\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131z’la Prag’a ge\u00e7ti. Bizim Radyo’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Leipzig’e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. 1962’de TKP MK D\u0131\u015f B\u00fcrosu’nun 1962 Konferans\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSCB’ye gitti. 4 Haziran 1965 TKP’nin Leipzig Grubu i\u00e7indeki son geli\u015fmeler ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarla ilgili raporunu Moskova’dan yollad\u0131. 1963-1968 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130lericilik-Gericilik Kavgas\u0131nda Tevfik Fikret, Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019ten ve Sabahattin Ali\u2019den An\u0131lar<\/i> ve Roman Gibi<\/i> adl\u0131 an\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131. Paris, Budape\u015fte ve Moskova’da ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra 1968’de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dek Bak\u00fc’de kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

2 Eyl\u00fcl 1968’de Bak\u00fc’de \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h3>\n