G\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar,\u0131\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7lar\u0131,g\u00f6z merce\u011fi ve sinirlerdir. Koruyucu yap\u0131lar ise ka\u015flar,g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131,kirpikler,g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 bezleri, ya\u011f bezleri ve kaslard\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6z\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00fc\u00e7 tabaka bulunur.
\na.Sert tabaka (sklera):G\u00f6z yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en d\u0131\u015ftan saran beyaz tabakad\u0131r. Sert tabakan\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131 hafif\u00e7e ileriye do\u011fru \u015fi\u015fkin ve cam gibi saydamla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ran bu k\u0131sma saydam tabaka (kornea) denir.
\nb.Damar tabaka (koroid):Sert tabakan\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunur.G\u00f6z\u00fc besleyen kan damarlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir.
\nDamar tabaka , g\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda d\u00fczelerek irisi yapar.\u0130ris g\u00f6z\u00fcn rengini verir.\u0130risin ortas\u0131nda , \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girmesini sa\u011flayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir delik vard\u0131r.Buna g\u00f6z bebe\u011fi denir.G\u00f6z bebe\u011fi iristeki d\u00fcz kaslar sayesinde bol \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ortamlarda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, karanl\u0131kta b\u00fcy\u00fcr.
\n\u0130ris ve g\u00f6z bebe\u011finin arakas\u0131nda ince kenarl\u0131 bir mercek olan g\u00f6z merce\u011fi bulunur.Mercek, g\u00f6z bebe\u011finden giren \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131larak a\u011f tabakas\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.Mercek, bu ba\u011flar ve kaslar sayesinde kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r yada incele\u015fir. B\u00f6ylece uzak yada yak\u0131ndaki cisimlerin g\u00f6rme ayar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.Buna g\u00f6z uyumu denir.
\nG\u00f6zde iki odac\u0131k bulunur.Saydam tabak ile iris aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fa \u00f6n oda, g\u00f6z merce\u011fi ile iris aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fa arka oda denir.Mercekle a\u011f tabaka aras\u0131nda kalan k\u0131s\u0131m, cams\u0131 cisim denilen berrak ve jelatinimsi bir madde ile doludur.
\nc.A\u011f tabaka (retina):G\u00f6z yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en i\u00e7te bulunan tabakas\u0131d\u0131r.Bu tabakada \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan , \u0131\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7lar\u0131 (fotoresept\u00f6rler) ve a\u011f gibi da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sinirler bulunur.I\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7lar\u0131ndan siyah-beyaz renkleri alg\u0131layan h\u00fccreler \u00e7ubuk \u015feklinde; renkleri alg\u0131layan h\u00fccreler ise koni \u015feklindedir.
\nG\u00f6z sinirlerinin g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede alma\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in buraya k\u00f6r nokta (\u0130ki g\u00f6z birlikte kullan\u0131larak a\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.)denir. Saydam tabaka ile g\u00f6z merce\u011finden ge\u00e7en eksenin, g\u00f6z\u00fcn arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde retinay\u0131 kesti\u011fi yerde \u00e7ukur bir b\u00f6lge vard\u0131r.Burada a\u011f tabaka daha incedir ve sar\u0131 benek ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.
\nG\u00f6rme olay\u0131
\nI\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 saydam tabakada k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra,g\u00f6z bebe\u011finden i\u00e7eri girerek merce\u011fe gelir.G\u00f6z merce\u011fi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kez daha k\u0131rar.K\u0131r\u0131lan bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n cams\u0131 cismi ge\u00e7tikten sonra a\u011f tabaka \u00fczerinde ters bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc meydana getirir.Bu \u015fekilde a\u011f tabakaya gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar \u00e7omak ve koni h\u00fccrelerini uyar\u0131r.Bu h\u00fccreler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa bir tepki olarak, g\u00f6rme sinirleriyle beyne g\u00f6nderilen uyart\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r.
\n\u00dc\u00e7 tip renk konisinden bir veya ikisi bulunmaz ise ye\u015fil ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkler tam ayr\u0131lamaz. Bu hastal\u0131\u011fa renk k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (daltonizm) denir.
\nG\u00f6z kusurlar\u0131
\nMiyopluk:G\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6nden arkaya olan \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n normalden uzun veya g\u00f6z merce\u011finin normalden daha \u015fi\u015fkin olmas\u0131yla do\u011fan bir kusurdur.Bu tip bozukluklarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc a\u011f tabakan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fer.Bunun sonucu olarak uzaktaki cisimler iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.Kal\u0131n kenarl\u0131 mercekler kullanmakla bu kusurlar d\u00fczeltilebilir.<\/p>\n
Hipermetropluk:G\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6nden arkaya olan \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n normalden k\u0131sa veya mercek normalden daha ince oldu\u011fu zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.Bu tip bozuklukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ar tabakas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda olu\u015fur.Uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remezler. \u0130nce kenarl\u0131 mercekler kullanmakla bu kusurlar giderilebilir.
\nAstigmatl\u0131k:Saydam tabaka ve g\u00f6z merce\u011fi y\u00fczeyinin kavislenmesinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.B\u00f6yle ki\u015filerde gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar bir noktada toplanamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan cismin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc bozuk ve bulan\u0131k olur.G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc netle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, d\u00fczensiz olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f silindir mercekli g\u00f6zl\u00fckler kullan\u0131r.
\nPresbitlik:Yaland\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6z merce\u011finin esnekli\u011fi kaybolarak g\u00f6z\u00fcn uyum yapma yetene\u011fi azal\u0131r.Bu gibi ki\u015filerde \u0131\u015f\u0131k az k\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc retinan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda olu\u015fur.B\u00f6yle ki\u015filer 40 cm\u2019den yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remezler.\u0130nce kenarl\u0131 mercekle d\u00fczeltilir.
\n\u015ea\u015f\u0131l\u0131k:G\u00f6z yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hareket ettiren kaslar\u0131n, normalden uzun yada k\u0131sa olmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.G\u00f6zler farkl\u0131 eksenlere bakar.Ameliyatla d\u00fczeltilir.
\nG\u00f6z tansiyonu:G\u00f6zde \u00f6n ve arka odan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir denge vard\u0131r.Bu denge bozulursa bas\u0131n\u00e7 artarak g\u00f6z tansiyonu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan yap\u0131lar,\u0131\u015f\u0131k alma\u00e7lar\u0131,g\u00f6z merce\u011fi ve sinirlerdir. Koruyucu yap\u0131lar ise ka\u015flar,g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131,kirpikler,g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 bezleri, ya\u011f bezleri ve kaslard\u0131r. G\u00f6z\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda d\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00fc\u00e7 tabaka bulunur. a.Sert tabaka (sklera):G\u00f6z yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en d\u0131\u015ftan saran beyaz tabakad\u0131r. Sert tabakan\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131 hafif\u00e7e ileriye do\u011fru \u015fi\u015fkin ve cam gibi saydamla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ran bu k\u0131sma saydam tabaka (kornea) denir. … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,7],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biyoloji","category-dn","tag-daha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=423"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}