YURDUMUZDA TARIM<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyerek ekme ve dikme yoluyla \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde etme i\u015fine denir. \u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n % 36’s\u0131 tar\u0131m arazisi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tar\u0131m T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda tar\u0131m \u00fclkemizde daha \u00e7ok ilkel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Makine kullan\u0131m\u0131, zararl\u0131 b\u00f6cek ve bitkilerle m\u00fccadele, kaliteli tohum kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve sulama \u00fclkemizde geli\u015fmemi\u015fti.
\nBu y\u00fczden tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131. Fakat daha sonra yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde tar\u0131m\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler olmu\u015ftur. Ziraat fak\u00fcltelerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m makine ve aletlerinin \u00fcretilmesi, yapay g\u00fcbre ve kaliteli tohum kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile sulamaya \u00f6nem verilmesi bu geli\u015fmeye neden olmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Devlet \u00dcretme \u00c7iftlikleri, Ziraat Bankas\u0131, Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi ve Tar\u0131m Kredi Kooperatiflerinin kurulmas\u0131 bu geli\u015fmenin di\u011fer nedenleridir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda GAP (G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi) ta G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nin toptan kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir projedir. GAP sayesinde tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde tar\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler :<\/p>\n
Toprak bak\u0131m\u0131: Tar\u0131m faaliyetleri toprak \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toprak bak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Toprak \u00e7apa, bel, pulluk ve saban gibi aletlerle havaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu olay topra\u011f\u0131n verimini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sulama: B\u00fct\u00fcn tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin suya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu ihtiya\u00e7 yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu nedenle toprak uygun zamanlarda ve yeterince sulanmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcbreleme: Topra\u011f\u0131n besin ve mineral bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zenginle\u015ftirilmesidir. G\u00fcbre, yapay ve do\u011fal g\u00fcbre olarak iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Hayvan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan g\u00fcbreye do\u011fal g\u00fcbre denir. De\u011fi\u015fik minerallerin birle\u015ftirilmesi ile elde edilen g\u00fcbreye ise yapay g\u00fcbre denir. G\u00fcbreleme tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin verimini \u00f6nemli oranda art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaliteli tohum: Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden daha fazla verim almak i\u00e7in mutlaka kaliteli tohum kullanmak gerekir.<\/p>\n
Tarla Tar\u0131m\u0131 ve Tarla \u00dcr\u00fcnlerimiz<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizdeki tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tarlalar olu\u015fturur. Tarlalar e\u011fimli ve engebeli arazilerde oldu\u011fu gibi d\u00fcz alanlarda da olabilmektedir. Tarlalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 her y\u0131l ekilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise bir y\u0131l ekilip ertesi y\u0131l bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Bu duruma nadas tar\u0131m\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
Buradaki ama\u00e7 mineral bak\u0131m\u0131ndan fakir olan topra\u011f\u0131n bir y\u0131l dinlenerek mineralce zenginle\u015fmesidir. Tarlalarda ekilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u015fu \u015fekilde gruplara ay\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcLKEM\u0130ZDE TARIM B\u00d6LGELER\u0130<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgesi: Bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi y\u00f6relere, o \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi denir.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u00c7ay\u0131n tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi; Do\u011fu Karadeniz iken, Muzun tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi; Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u0131y\u0131 ve k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgeleri ve yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri:
\nKaradeniz K\u0131y\u0131 Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgesi: \u00c7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k, m\u0131s\u0131r,t\u00fct\u00fcn
\nAkdeniz ve K\u0131y\u0131 Ege tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: Pamuk, turun\u00e7giller, muz, yerf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, susam, zeytin, incir, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u00fcz\u00fcm
\nMarmara tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, zeytin, pirin\u00e7<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgeleri ve yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri
\nKaradeniz ard\u0131 tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: Bu\u011fday, arpa, \u00e7avdar, pirin\u00e7, meyve
\n\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: \u015eeker pancar\u0131, bu\u011fday, arpa, \u00e7avdar, elma, patates
\nDo\u011fu Anadolu tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: Arpa, \u00e7avdar, \u015feker pancar\u0131, kay\u0131s\u0131
\nG\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi: \u00dcz\u00fcm, bu\u011fday, arpa yulaf, antep f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, mercimek(k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131), karpuz<\/p>\n
\u00d6NEML\u0130:
\n\u00dclkemizde tar\u0131m daha \u00e7ok do\u011fal \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBu nedenle \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131 y\u0131llara g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir.
\n\u0130klimin \u00e7e\u015fitli olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcretilen tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de topraklar\u0131n % 56\u2019s\u0131nda tah\u0131llar, & 23\u2019\u00fcnde end\u00fcstri bitkileri, &21\u2019inde ise sebzeler ve baklagiller \u00fcretilmektedir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye baz\u0131 meyvelerde, ( f\u0131nd\u0131k, incir, \u00fcz\u00fcm, kay\u0131s\u0131 gibi) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nTar\u0131mda sulama tam geli\u015fememi\u015ftir.
\n\u015eu anda tar\u0131mdan elde edilen gelir azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
YURDUMUZDA TARIM Tar\u0131m, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyerek ekme ve dikme yoluyla \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde etme i\u015fine denir. \u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n % 36’s\u0131 tar\u0131m arazisi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tar\u0131m T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda tar\u0131m \u00fclkemizde daha \u00e7ok ilkel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Makine kullan\u0131m\u0131, zararl\u0131 b\u00f6cek ve bitkilerle m\u00fccadele, … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23],"tags":[188,16061,16062],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42289\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}