Ateizmin \u00e7e\u015fitleri<\/p>\n
Ateizm, tarih boyunca \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Negatif ve pozitif ateizm, ateizmin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile alakal\u0131yken, esas ayr\u0131m ateizmin teorikli\u011fi ve pratikli\u011fi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Teorik ateizmin dallar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin kendine g\u00f6re mant\u0131ksal ya da felsefi dayanaklar\u0131 varken, pratik ateizmin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 dayanaklar\u0131 yoktur. Pratik ateizmde genel bir ilgisizlik ve Tanr\u0131 fikri konusunda bilgisizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nNegatif ve pozitif ateizm
\nGeorge H. Smith’in s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re ateizmin “negatif ateizm” ( ya da “zay\u0131f ateizm”) ve “pozitif ateizm” (ya da “g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ateizm”) olarak iki \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.
\nNegatif ateizm, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n varolmas\u0131n\u0131 prensip olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6rmekle beraber, varoldu\u011funa dair hi\u00e7bir gerek\u00e7e bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Tanr\u0131’y\u0131 reddeder.<\/p>\n
Pozitif ateizm ise, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n varolmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6rmez. (Bunu, Tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya abs\u00fcrd oldu\u011fu, vs. gibi gerek\u00e7elere dayanarak yapar).
\nNegatif ateizmde bir iddia yoktur, sadece bir ret vard\u0131r. Pozitif ateizmde ise hem bir ret, hem de bir kar\u015f\u0131t iddia vard\u0131r. Pozitif ateistin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise, “Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n varolmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir” \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kisi de sonu\u00e7ta Tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 reddetmek noktas\u0131nda birle\u015fti\u011finden, ateizm ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken ikisinin ortak noktas\u0131 olan “Tanr\u0131’ya olan inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131k” kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebi ne olursa olsun, ister delil yetersizli\u011fi, ister Tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya abs\u00fcrdl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, isterse Tanr\u0131 kavram\u0131yla hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olmak olsun, hepsinin ortak noktas\u0131 ki\u015fide Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131n\u0131n varolmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pratik Ateizm
\nBu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ret edilmiyor ama ona \u00f6nemsiz ve gereksiz bir yer veriliyor. Pratik Ateizm\u2019de, Tanr\u0131 ne bu d\u00fcnyaya m\u00fcdahale eder ne hayata herhangi bir ama\u00e7 katar ne de her g\u00fcn sizi etkiler.<\/p>\n
Teorik Ateizm
\nTeorik ateizm, teizmin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na net olarak tez koyabilen ateizm \u00e7e\u015fididir. Bu tezler ontolojik, epistemolojik, psikolojik, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve mant\u0131ksal olabilir.<\/p>\n
Epistemolojik ve Ontolojik Tezler
\nEpistemolojik ateizm, insanlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyece\u011fini ya da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar veremeyece\u011fini iddia eder. Epistemolojik ateizm, temelini pek \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fidi olan agnostisizmden al\u0131r.
\nLudwig Feuerbach’\u0131n Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6z\u00fc adl\u0131 eseri (1841) Engels, Marx, David Strauss ve Nietzsche gibi pek \u00e7ok filozofu etkiledi.<\/p>\n
Metafiziksel Tezler
\nMetafiziksel ateizm, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin homojen ve par\u00e7alanamaz oldu\u011funu savunan monizm \u00fczerinde \u015fekillenir. Fizik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde reddeder. Metafiziksel ateizm; panteizm, panenteizm ve deizmi de kapsar.<\/p>\n
Psikolojik, Sosyolojik ve Ekonomik Tezler
\nLudwig Feuerbach ve Sigmund Freud gibi baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, duygusal ve felsefi ihtiya\u00e7lar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden insan taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda pek \u00e7ok Budistin de ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Karl Marks ve Friedrich Engels, Feuerbach\u2019tan etkilenerek Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan, emek\u00e7i halk\u0131 ezmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sosyal bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Mikhail Bakunin\u2019e g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131 fikri, insandaki adalet iste\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ciddi bir engeldir. Voltaire\u2019in \u201cE\u011fer Tanr\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, onu yaratmak gerekirdi.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u201cE\u011fer Tanr\u0131 olsayd\u0131 onu devirmek gerekirdi.\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mant\u0131ksal Tezler
\nM\u00fckemmeliyet, adalet, merhamet, her \u015feyi bilen, her \u015feyi yapabilen, ululuk, fiziksel olmay\u0131\u015f gibi noktalarda teizme ele\u015ftirel yan\u0131tlar getiren ateizm \u00e7e\u015fididir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ateizmin \u00e7e\u015fitleri Ateizm, tarih boyunca \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Negatif ve pozitif ateizm, ateizmin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile alakal\u0131yken, esas ayr\u0131m ateizmin teorikli\u011fi ve pratikli\u011fi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Teorik ateizmin dallar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin kendine g\u00f6re mant\u0131ksal ya da felsefi dayanaklar\u0131 varken, pratik ateizmin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 dayanaklar\u0131 yoktur. Pratik ateizmde genel bir ilgisizlik ve Tanr\u0131 fikri konusunda bilgisizlik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Negatif … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13811],"tags":[15489,15492,15491],"class_list":["post-41614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-din-dersi","tag-ateizm","tag-ateizmin-cesitleri","tag-ateizmin-cesitleri-nelerdir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41614\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}