{"id":41072,"date":"2013-01-28T22:47:21","date_gmt":"2013-01-28T20:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=41072"},"modified":"2020-04-25T00:29:32","modified_gmt":"2020-04-24T21:29:32","slug":"paralel-ve-meridyenler-yerel-saat-hesaplamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/paralel-ve-meridyenler-yerel-saat-hesaplamalari.html","title":{"rendered":"Paralel ve meridyenler ,yerel saat hesaplamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>PARALEL VE MER\u0130DYENLER<\/h1>\n<p>Nas\u0131l ki \u015fehirdeki bir evi bulabilmek i\u00e7in mahalle, cadde, sokak ve ev numaras\u0131 gibi unsurlara ihtiya\u00e7 varsa Yerk\u00fcre \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir yeri bulabilmek i\u00e7in de hayal\u00ee \u00e7izgilere (koordinat sistemine) ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Yerk\u00fcre\u2019yi enine ve boyuna kesen paralel ve meridyenler tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da haritada g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi her \u00fclkenin yeri paralel ve meridyen derecelerine g\u00f6re rahatl\u0131kla bulunabilir.Paralel ve meridyenler d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki adres bilgileri gibidir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0PARALELLER<\/h2>\n<p>Kutuplara e\u015fit uzakl\u0131ktaki noktalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle elde edilen hayali \u00e7embere Ekvator denir. Engeni\u015f paralel dairesi olan Ekvator yerk\u00fcreyi Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre ve G\u00fcney Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre olmak \u00fczere iki e\u015fit yar\u0131mk\u00fcreye b\u00f6ler. Ekvator\u2019a paralel olarak \u00e7izilen hayali \u00e7emberlere paralel denir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki bir noktan\u0131n Ekvator\u2019a olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131 cinsinden de\u011ferine enlem denir. Enlem herhangi bir noktadan yerin merkezine \u00e7ekilecek dikey bir \u00e7izgiyle Ekvator d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Enlem, derece, dakika ve saniye olarak ifade edilir. Ankara yakla\u015f\u0131k 39\u00b0 56\u2019 kuzey enlemi \u00fczerinde bulunur.<\/p>\n<h3>Paralellerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>En b\u00fcy\u00fck paralel dairesi olan Ekvator, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 paralelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Ekvatorun kuzeyindeki 90, g\u00fcneyinde 90 olmak \u00fczere 180 paralel vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u015feklinden dolay\u0131, Ekvator\u2019dan kutuplara do\u011fru gittik\u00e7e paralellerin<br \/>\nboylar\u0131 k\u0131sal\u0131r ( Ekvator 40 076 km, 15\u00b0 paraleli 38 000 km, 30\u00b0 paraleli, 34 700 km, 45\u00b0 paraleli, 28 450 km, 60\u00b0 paraleli 20 000 km, 75\u00b0 paraleli 10 400 km\u2019dir.<br \/>\nKutup noktalar\u0131n\u0131n boyutu s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.).<\/li>\n<li>Paralellerin numaralar\u0131 Ekvator\u2019dan kutuplara do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Paraleller 180\u00b0 lik meridyen yay\u0131n\u0131n 1\u00b0 lik arayla e\u015fit par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi sonucunda \u00e7izilir. Daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yer belirtmek i\u00e7in her derece 60\u2019 ya her dakika 60\u201d<br \/>\nye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Paraleller D-B do\u011frultusunda uzan\u0131rlar ve birbirlerini kesmezler.<\/li>\n<li>90\u00b0 paralelleri nokta halindedir.<\/li>\n<li>Ekvator\u2019la d\u00f6nenceler aras\u0131nda kalan paralellere al\u00e7ak enlemler; d\u00f6nenceler ile kutup daireleri aras\u0131nda kalan enlemlere orta enlemler, kutup daireleri ile kutup noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan enlemlere ise y\u00fcksek enlemler ad\u0131 verilir.<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 paraleller \u00f6zel isimler al\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2022 0\u00b0 paraleli Ekvator<br \/>\n\u2022 23\u00b0 27\u2019 kuzey paraleli Yenge\u00e7 D\u00f6nencesi<br \/>\n\u2022 23\u00b0 27\u2019 g\u00fcney paraleli O\u011flak D\u00f6nencesi<br \/>\n\u2022 66\u00b0 33\u2019 kuzey paraleli Kuzey Kutup Dairesi<br \/>\n\u2022 66\u00b0 33\u2019 g\u00fcney paraleli G\u00fcney Kutup Dairesi<br \/>\n\u2022 90\u00b0 kuzey paraleli Kuzey Kutup Noktas\u0131<br \/>\n\u2022 90\u00b0 g\u00fcney Paraleli G\u00fcney Kutup Noktas\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f6nenceler:<\/strong> Ekvator\u2019un 23027\u2019 kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde bulunan paralel dairelerine d\u00f6nenceler denir. Yer ekseninin e\u011fik olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 90\u00b0\u2019lik a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler de\u011fi\u015fir.D\u00f6nenceler, G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 90\u00b0\u2019lik a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 sadece iki d\u00f6nence aras\u0131nda kalan yerlere y\u0131lda iki defa 90\u00b0\u2019lik a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fer. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yerlere hi\u00e7bir zaman 90\u00b0\u2019lik dik a\u00e7\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fmez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kutup Daireleri:<\/strong> Ekvatorun 66\u00b033\u2019 kuzey ve g\u00fcneyinde bulunan paralel dairelerine<br \/>\nKutup Daireleri denir. Yer ekseninin e\u011fik olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yaz\u0131n 24 saati a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre G\u00fcne\u015f ufukta kal\u0131r ve batmaz; k\u0131\u015f\u0131n da 24 saati a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durum sadece kutup daireleriyle kutup noktalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan yerlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kutup Daireleri, gece veya g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcrelerinin 24 saati a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>Kom\u015fu iki paralel aras\u0131ndaki mesafe her yerde e\u015fit olarak kabul edilir ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 111 km\u2019dir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bundan yararlanarak ayn\u0131 boylam \u00fczerinde yer alan iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki mesafe kolayca hesaplanabilir.<br \/>\nBunun i\u00e7in:<br \/>\n\u2022\u0130ki merkez aras\u0131ndaki paralel fark\u0131 bulunur. Ayn\u0131 yar\u0131m k\u00fcredeyseler b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 yar\u0131m k\u00fcredeyseler iki de\u011fer toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022Bulunan fark sabit 111 say\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece aralar\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k km cinsinden bulunmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek: 39\u00b0 kuzey paralelinde bulunan Ankara\u2019dan kalkan bir u\u00e7ak ayn\u0131 meridyen \u00fczerinde 8658 km g\u00fcneye gitmi\u015ftir. Ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 enlemin derecesi ka\u00e7t\u0131r?\u00a0 8658 : 111 = 78<\/p>\n<p>Ankara\u2019dan 78 paralel g\u00fcneye gidersek 78-39 = 39\u00b0 g\u00fcney paraleli olur. (Bug\u00fcne kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f tek soru tipi)<\/p>\n<h2>Enlemin etkileri<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>\u00b7 \u0130klimi<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 G\u00f6lge boyunu<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 S\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Buharla\u015fmay\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fidini ve rejimini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Akarsu rejimini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Toprak \u00e7e\u015fidini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Kal\u0131c\u0131 kar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Deniz suyunun tuzluluk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Gece ile g\u00fcnd\u00fcz aras\u0131ndakizaman fark\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Yerle\u015fme ve tar\u0131m faaliyetlerinin \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Yerle\u015fme bi\u00e7imini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 N\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Sanayi faaliyetlerini<\/li>\n<li>\u00b7 Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K-G y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geni\u015f alan kaplayan \u00fclkelerde iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi fazla oldu\u011fundan bitki ve tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de artar. \u00d6zellikle iklim ve bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi Ekvatoral ve Kutup ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Orta ku\u015fakta artmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkenin D-B do\u011frultusunda geni\u015f alan kaplamas\u0131 iklim \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bitki ve tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine neden olmaz.<\/p>\n<p>KYK\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen iklim ve bitki t\u00fcrlerinin benzeri GYK\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in iki yar\u0131mk\u00fcrede uzanan alanlardan sadece birisi al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>MER\u0130DYEN &#8211; BOYLAM<\/h2>\n<p>Bir kutuptan di\u011ferine ula\u015fan ve paralelleri dik a\u00e7\u0131yla kesen hayali \u00e7izgilere meridyen denir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir noktan\u0131n, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyenine olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131 cinsinden de\u011ferine boylam denir. Boylam herhangi bir noktadan yerin merkezine \u00e7ekilecek dikey bir \u00e7izgiyle ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nDerece (\u00b0), dakika (\u2019) ve saniye (\u201d) olarak ifade edilir.Bir yerin boylam derecesi verilirken<br \/>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyenine g\u00f6re do\u011fuda veya bat\u0131\u2019da oldu\u011fu belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin Ankara, 32\u00b053\u2019do\u011fu boylam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Boylam da pratikte meridyenle ayn\u0131 anlamda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Meridyenlerin \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>1.Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Londra yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Greenwich kasabas\u0131ndaki ayn\u0131 adla an\u0131lan g\u00f6zlem evinden ge\u00e7en meridyen yay\u0131 olarak kabul edilir.<\/li>\n<li>2.Meridyenler K-G y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzan\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<li>3.Greenwich\u2019in do\u011fusunda 180, bat\u0131s\u0131nda da 180 olmak \u00fczere toplam 360 tane meridyen yay\u0131 vard\u0131r.Do\u011fusundakilere do\u011fu meridyenleri, bat\u0131s\u0131ndakilere bat\u0131 meridyenleri denir.<\/li>\n<li>4.Meridyenlerin boylar\u0131 (20 004.5 km) birbirine e\u015fittir.<\/li>\n<li>5.\u0130ki meridyen aras\u0131ndaki mesafe Ekvator \u00fczerinde 111 km\u2019dir. Ekvator\u2019dan kutuplara do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e bu mesafe azal\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00fcn meridyenler kutup noktalar\u0131nda birle\u015firler. (0\u00b0 111 km,10\u00b0 109 km, 20\u00b0 104 km, 30\u00b0 96 km, 40\u00b0 85 km, 50\u00b0 71 km, 60\u00b0 55 km, 70\u00b0 38 km, 80\u00b0 19 km, 90\u00b0 0 km)<\/li>\n<li>6.Ekvator bir daire oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131lar toplam\u0131 360\u00b0 dir. Her dereceden bir meridyen yay\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/li>\n<li>7.Meridyenlerin dereceleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeninden do\u011fuya ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru gittik\u00e7e artar.<\/li>\n<li>8.Her meridyenin bir kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 (antimeridyen) vard\u0131r. \u0130kisi birlikte bir \u00e7ember olu\u015ftururlar. Bir meridyenin kar\u015f\u0131t meridyenini bulmak i\u00e7in verilen meridyen 180\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131t meridyen daima farkl\u0131 yar\u0131m k\u00fcrededir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 35\u00b0 bat\u0131 meridyenin kar\u015f\u0131t meridyeni:180\u201335=145\u00b0 do\u011fu meridyenidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyenin (0\u00b0) kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, 180\u00b0 meridyenidir. \u0130stanbul \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en 29\u00b0 do\u011fu meridyeninin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 151\u00b0 bat\u0131 meridyenidir.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>Bir meridyen \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n yerel saati ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>Ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k iki meridyen aras\u0131ndaki yerel saat fark\u0131 4 dakikad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n kendi ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki bir tam d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 saat olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kom\u015fu iki meridyen yay\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki zaman fark\u0131 4 dakikad\u0131r (24&#215;60 = 1440 dak. 1440\/360 = 4 dak.).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PARALEL VE MER\u0130DYENLER Nas\u0131l ki \u015fehirdeki bir evi bulabilmek i\u00e7in mahalle, cadde, sokak ve ev numaras\u0131 gibi unsurlara ihtiya\u00e7 varsa Yerk\u00fcre \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir yeri bulabilmek i\u00e7in de hayal\u00ee \u00e7izgilere (koordinat sistemine) ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Yerk\u00fcre\u2019yi enine ve boyuna kesen paralel ve meridyenler tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da haritada g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi her \u00fclkenin yeri paralel ve &#8230; <a title=\"Paralel ve meridyenler ,yerel saat hesaplamalar\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/paralel-ve-meridyenler-yerel-saat-hesaplamalari.html\" aria-label=\"More on Paralel ve meridyenler ,yerel saat hesaplamalar\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23],"tags":[15039,171,15040],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41072"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41072\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}