Termik santrallar, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, akaryak\u0131t veya gaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla elektrik \u00fcretir. Su santrallarda, oca\u011f\u0131n kazan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde dolanan su, \u00e7ok s\u0131cak buhar haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve bu buhar, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcreten alternat\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcrbinleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol krizi sanayile\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu tip termik santrallar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatt\u0131. Ancak gene de bu tip santrallar, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmakta g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Termik santrallar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7evreye at\u0131l\u0131r. So\u011futma suyunun sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 ve \u0131rmak sular\u0131 birka\u00e7 derece \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan k\u00fcllerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bacalar\u0131n elektrostatik filtrelerinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zar. Ve nihayet, b\u00fct\u00fcn fosil yak\u0131tlar azot ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7erir ve bu maddeler yanma sonras\u0131nda oksitler halinde atmosfere kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7evre uzmanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re gaz at\u0131klar, ormanlar i\u00e7in son derece zararl\u0131 olan asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenidir.<\/p>\n
Termik Santral\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Y\u00f6ntemi
\nElektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecek olan termik enerjiyi \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in, yak\u0131t bir buhar kazan\u0131nda yak\u0131l\u0131r. Buhar kazan\u0131, bir ocak ile bir boru demetinden olu\u015fur; borular\u0131n i\u00e7inde dolanan su, burada \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve buhar haline geldikten sonra t\u00fcrbinlere g\u00f6nderilir. E\u011fer yak\u0131t olarak k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcp toz haline getirilir; sonra s\u0131cak havayla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve br\u00fcl\u00f6rle buhar kazan\u0131n\u0131n yanma odas\u0131na p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. E\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t \u00f6nce ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, sonra kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
600MW’lik bir santralda buhar 565 derecelik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ve 174 bar d\u00fczeyinde bir bas\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcrbinlere yollanan buhar k\u0131smen genle\u015ferek t\u00fcrbin \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu ilk a\u015famadan ge\u00e7en buhar, enerjisinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc korur. Ayn\u0131 buhar, ayr\u0131 bir devre arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeniden kazana g\u00f6nderilir ve tekrar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r; sonra 34 bar d\u00fczeyinde bir bas\u0131n\u00e7la, orta bas\u0131n\u00e7ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcrbine bas\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeyse buhar tam olarak genle\u015fir. Bu \u00e7evrimin sonunda bas\u0131nc\u0131 300 milibara d\u00fc\u015fen buhar kondans\u00f6re g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n
Kondans\u00f6r, buhar\u0131n yeniden suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc so\u011fuk bir kaynakt\u0131r. Buhar burada, i\u00e7inde so\u011futma suyunun doland\u0131\u011f\u0131 binlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 boruya temas ederek tekrar suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Sonra pompalarla toplan\u0131r ve yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma \u00e7evrimine sokulur; bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in t\u00fcrbinin farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan buhardan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yeni \u00e7evrim ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur: su tekrar buhar kazan\u0131na girer, burada \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve t\u00fcrbinlere do\u011fru yollan\u0131r. T\u00fcrbinlerin mekanik enerjiyse alternat\u00f6r vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ve son olarak da bir transformat\u00f6rde gerilimi y\u00fckseltilen elektik, genel iletim hatlar\u0131na verilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Termik santrallar, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, akaryak\u0131t veya gaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla elektrik \u00fcretir. Su santrallarda, oca\u011f\u0131n kazan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde dolanan su, \u00e7ok s\u0131cak buhar haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve bu buhar, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcreten alternat\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcrbinleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol krizi sanayile\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu tip termik santrallar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatt\u0131. Ancak gene de bu tip santrallar, bir\u00e7ok … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[15006,4020],"class_list":["post-41021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-teknoloji","tag-termik-santral-ders-notu","tag-termik-santraller"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41021\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}