EROZYONUN NEDENLER\u0130<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal Yap\u0131dan Kaynaklanan Nedenler<\/p>\n
1- \u0130klim
\n\u0130klimin erozyon \u00fczerine etkisi; ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve r\u00fczgarla olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde en \u00f6nemlisi ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olup, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n da \u015fekli, \u015fiddeti, s\u00fcresi ve rejimi erozyona farkl\u0131 etkiler yapmaktad\u0131r. di\u011fer taraftan s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidini, topra\u011f\u0131n donmas\u0131n\u0131 ve nem i\u00e7eri\u011fini etkilemek suretiyle detayl\u0131 olarak erozyonun \u015fiddetine tesir etmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgemizde topra\u011f\u0131n 50 cm. derinli\u011fe kadar donmas\u0131 ve s\u0131cak havalarda gev\u015femesi olay\u0131, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerimizde ya\u011fmur ve r\u00fczgar, erozyon olaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.\u00dclkemizin d\u00fcnyadaki konumu nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgeleri’nde yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/yetersizli\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu nedenden dolay\u0131, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu bu b\u00f6lgeler \u00fclkemizin erozyondan en fazla etkilenen b\u00f6lgeleridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak sahalar\u0131n mevcut ekosistemlerinin bozulmas\u0131 kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 olmakta ve bozulan ekosistemlerinin tekrar eski haline getirilmesi de zor ve pahal\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2- Topografya
\nYamac\u0131n e\u011fim ve uzunlu\u011fu erozyonda etkili topografik etkenlerdir. Erozyonun \u015fiddeti ve topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015fla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olan fakt\u00f6rlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda e\u011fim gelmektedir. D\u00fcnyada kara k\u00fctlesinin ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 700 m., Avrupa’n\u0131n 330 m., Afrika’n\u0131n 600 m., Asya’n\u0131n 1010 m. olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye’nin ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 1132 m. ‘ye ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fckselti basamaklar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede de 0-500 metre aras\u0131ndaki alanlar \u00fclkemizin %17,5’u, 500-1000 metre aras\u0131ndaki sahalar % 26,6’s\u0131n\u0131 kaplamakta , 1000-2000 metre aras\u0131ndaki alanlar ise % 45,9’ a ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u00dclkemiz arazisinin e\u011fimli ve engebeli olmas\u0131, orman ve ot \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tahrip edildi\u011fi alanlarda do\u011fal dengenin h\u0131zla bozulmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal dengenin bozulmas\u0131 sonucu h\u0131zla topraklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Erozyonun \u015fiddetli olarak devam etti\u011fi alanlarda altta bulunan jeolojik yap\u0131 yer yer ta\u015fl\u0131 ve kayal\u0131k araziler halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3- Jeolojik ve Toprak Yap\u0131s\u0131
\n\u00dclkemizin jeolojik ve toprak yap\u0131s\u0131; genelde peki\u015fme durumu zay\u0131f, ayr\u0131\u015fmaya ve de\u011fi\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermeyen taneli, tortul ve volkaniktir. Toprak ile jeolojik yap\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. En fazla a\u015f\u0131nmaya u\u011frayan zeminler Eosen ve Neogen zamanlara ait araziler ile volkanik k\u00fcl ve t\u00fcflerdir. Genelde peki\u015fme durumu zay\u0131f, ayr\u0131\u015fmaya ve erozyona kar\u015f\u0131 fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermeyen gev\u015fek yap\u0131lardan olu\u015fan topraklar\u0131m\u0131z erozyona hassas bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, en fazla a\u015f\u0131nan ve sellere en fazla malzeme veren kaynaklar kumlu, \u015filtli, \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 olan peki\u015fmemi\u015f araziler ile b\u00fcnyesine su ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede eriyebilen tuzlu ve alkali maddeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin, milli ve killi depolar olmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde, toprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen yok oldu\u011fu e\u011fimli alanlarda erozyonun \u015feklini, \u015fiddet ve seyrini; jeolojik yap\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturan ana materyalin yap\u0131s\u0131, b\u00fcnye \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tutma ve ge\u00e7irme kapasitesi gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri belirler. \u00d6te yandan, kurak ve s\u0131cak iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda Anadolu’nun kapal\u0131 havzalar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kelmi\u015f olan tuzlu, alkali maddeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin killi, marnl\u0131 ve jipsli depolarda kimyasal erozyon \u00f6n plana ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00dclkemizde, baz\u0131 ana kayalar \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan toprak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131; kayal\u0131k-ta\u015fl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buralar\u0131n VIII. s\u0131n\u0131fa giren araziler haline gelmesine yol \u00a0a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4- Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u00d6l\u00fc \u00d6rt\u00fc
\n\u00c7\u0131plak arazilere oranla bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ile kapl\u0131 arazilerde erozyon daha az meydana gelmektedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc intersepsiyonla topra\u011fa ula\u015fan ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fiddetini ve mekanik etkisini azalt\u0131r,k\u00f6kleriyle topra\u011f\u0131 sarar ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Orman topraklar\u0131 ise, suyun ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve suyun topra\u011fa s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak erozyonun \u015fiddetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca; bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, toprak y\u00fczeyinde biriktirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fc ile topra\u011f\u0131 ya\u011fmura kar\u015f\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, orman \u00f6l\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, en \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131ma ge\u00e7meden toprak i\u00e7erisine kolayl\u0131kla ge\u00e7irebilecek bir infiltrasyon kapasitesine sahiptir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
EROZYONUN NEDENLER\u0130 Do\u011fal Yap\u0131dan Kaynaklanan Nedenler 1- \u0130klim \u0130klimin erozyon \u00fczerine etkisi; ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve r\u00fczgarla olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde en \u00f6nemlisi ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olup, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n da \u015fekli, \u015fiddeti, s\u00fcresi ve rejimi erozyona farkl\u0131 etkiler yapmaktad\u0131r. di\u011fer taraftan s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidini, topra\u011f\u0131n donmas\u0131n\u0131 ve nem i\u00e7eri\u011fini etkilemek suretiyle detayl\u0131 olarak erozyonun \u015fiddetine tesir etmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Do\u011fu … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[96,14513],"class_list":["post-40473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","tag-erozyon","tag-erozyon-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40473"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40473\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}