T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m\u0131 Etkileyen Etmenler<\/p>\n
Da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler \u015feklinde tar\u0131msal faaliyetler daha yo\u011fundur. Topraktan al\u0131nan verimin art\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n dinlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (nadas) gerekmektedir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r :<\/p>\n
Toprak Bak\u0131m\u0131 ve Islah\u0131<\/p>\n
Topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, batakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n ay\u0131klanmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sulama<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m yapabilmek i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n nemli olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Kurakl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00f6lgelerde sulama ile tar\u0131m yap\u0131labilir. Sulanan tar\u0131m arazilerinde \u00fcretim y\u0131llara g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fmeler g\u00f6stermez. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi artar.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcbreleme<\/p>\n
Topraktaki mineral dengesini korumak, topra\u011f\u0131 verimli hale getirmek \u00a0i\u00e7in g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcbrelemenin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde toprak nadasa b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tohum Islah\u0131<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek verimli tohum kullanmak, tar\u0131msal verimi artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Makinele\u015fme<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n daha iyi i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Pazarlama<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m \u00fcreticisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmek, zarar etmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in devlet baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere taban fiyat\u0131 vererek destekleme al\u0131mlar\u0131 yapar. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn depolanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in silolar, hangarlar, depolar kurar.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131msal Kurulu\u015flar<\/p>\n
Zirai ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri, devlet \u00fcretme \u00e7iftlikleri, Ziraat Bankas\u0131, TMO, T\u00fcrkiye Ziraat Odalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinin tar\u0131msal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelliklerini incelemek, \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketiciyi korumak, \u00e7ift\u00e7iye kredi, fidan sa\u011flamak gibi ama\u00e7larla kurulan kurulu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Topraklar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
Ekili dili alan : 174.480.000 dekar
\nNadas arazisi : 36.551.000 dekar
\nOrman : 192.376.000 dekar
\n\u00dcr\u00fcn vermeyen : 113.403.000 dekar
\n\u00c7ay\u0131r-mera : 123.776.000 dekar
\nKullan\u0131lmayan alan\u0131 : 662.195.000 dekar<\/p>\n
Ekili \u2013 Dikili Alanlar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Ekili \u2013 dikili alanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir :<\/p>\n
Ekili \u2013 Dikili Alanlar\u0131n Co\u011frafi Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Ekili alan (Tarla) 145.178.000 dekar
\nDikili Alan (Meyveli a\u011fa\u00e7) 23.373.000 dekar
\nSebze-\u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi (Sera dahil) 5.929.000 dekar<\/p>\n
Ekili \u2013 Dikili Alanlar\u0131n \u00dcr\u00fcnlere G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n
Tah\u0131llar % 74
\nEnd\u00fcstri bitkileri % 11
\nBaklagiller % 8
\nSebzeler % 5
\nYumruklu bitkiler % 2<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’deki Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri<\/p>\n
K\u0131y\u0131 ve Yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri<\/p>\n
K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde iklime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n
Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 : K\u0131\u015f \u0131l\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bol neme gereksinim duyan \u00e7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k, m\u0131s\u0131r ile t\u00fct\u00fcn, sebze, meyve, keten, kenevir, ayr\u0131ca Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda turun\u00e7gil yeti\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Akdeniz ve K\u0131y\u0131 Ege : Akdeniz iklimine uyumlu olan, turun\u00e7giller, zeytin, incir, susam, pamuk, pirin\u00e7, turfanda sebzeler, muz, \u00e7ekirdeksiz \u00fcz\u00fcm, t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Marmara : Ge\u00e7i\u015f iklimi ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi en fazla olan b\u00f6lgedir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, zeytin, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u00e7e\u015fitli sebze ve meyveler, tah\u0131llar, dut ve f\u0131nd\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Tar\u0131m B\u00f6lgeleri :<\/p>\n
Y\u00fckselti ve denize g\u00f6re konuma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgeleridir.<\/p>\n
Karadeniz Ard\u0131 : \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ile k\u0131y\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fcksek yerlerinde \u00e7avdar, bu\u011fday, sulak yerlerde pirin\u00e7 ve sebze yeti\u015ftirilir. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle tiftik ke\u00e7isinin yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi aland\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve \u00c7evresi : Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplamas\u0131 nedeniyle koyun ve ke\u00e7i gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yar\u0131 kurak iklim nedeniyle bu\u011fday, arpa gibi tah\u0131llar ile fasulye, nohut gibi baklagiller yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Erzurum \u2013 Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc : Yazlar\u0131n k\u0131sa ve serin ge\u00e7mesi tar\u0131msal faaliyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu\u011fday, arpa gibi tah\u0131llar yeti\u015ftirilir. Yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcr otlaklar\u0131n olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Yerler : Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu yerlerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. Tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sebze ve meyve \u00fcretimi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisindeki Yeri<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerle ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flar. Ulusal gelirin \u00bc ini tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lar. \u0130hracat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli bir paya sahiptir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye’deki end\u00fcstri tesislerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131msal maddeleri hammadde olarak kullan\u0131r. Sanayinin geli\u015fmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n\u0130hracat\u0131m\u0131zda f\u0131nd\u0131k, turun\u00e7giller, tah\u0131llar, meyve ve sebzeler, pamuk, t\u00fct\u00fcn, ya\u011f bitkileri, zeytin ve \u00e7ay gibi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00f6nemli yer tutar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m \u00dcr\u00fcnleri<\/p>\n
Tah\u0131llar<\/p>\n
Bu\u011fday<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : 300 \u2013 400 mm ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve bol g\u00fcne\u015f ister. B\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemi olan ilkbaharda serin ve nemli hava, olgunla\u015fma ve hasat d\u00f6nemi olan yaz aylar\u0131nda ise s\u0131cak ve kurak hava ister. Ekiminden sonra kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve dondan zarar g\u00f6rmez. Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n erken ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 azal\u0131r. \u00a0Genellikle sulama yap\u0131lmadan yeti\u015ftirilir. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu iklimine uyumludur.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : \u0130klimdeki karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00fcretimde y\u0131llara g\u00f6re dalgalanmalar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ortalama y\u0131lda 20 \u2013 24 milyon ton \u00fcretim yap\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u00fcretiminde ilk s\u0131rada % 31’lik payla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu bulunur. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi Marmara, Akdeniz, Karadeniz, Ege, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgeleri izler.<\/p>\n
Arpa<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Yeti\u015fme ve olgunla\u015fma s\u00fcresi bu\u011fdaya g\u00f6re daha k\u0131sad\u0131r. S\u0131ca\u011fa ve so\u011fu\u011fa daha \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle da\u011fl\u0131k yerlerde de yeti\u015febilir. Yeti\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 bu\u011fdaya benzer.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : Y\u0131ll\u0131k 7 milyon ton olan \u00fcretimin % 39’unu \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu sa\u011flar. T\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yem bitkisi ve bira sanayinin hammaddesi olarak t\u00fcketilir.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Bol suya gereksinim duymas\u0131 ve \u00e7apalama gerektirmesi ile di\u011fer tah\u0131llardan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ister. Karadeniz iklimine uyumludur.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : Y\u0131ll\u0131k 2 milyon ton olan \u00fcretimin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Karadeniz sa\u011flar. T\u00fcrkiye’de en \u00e7ok \u00fcretim yapan iller Samsun, Zonguldak, Bolu, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Tekirda\u011f, Bal\u0131kesir, Ayd\u0131n, Manisa, Adana’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7eltik<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00a0: Su dolu tavalarda (\u00e7eltiklik) ekimi yap\u0131lan, bol suya gereksinim duyan bir tah\u0131ld\u0131r. Olgunla\u015fma ve hasat d\u00f6nemine kadar bol su ister. Hasat d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kurakl\u0131\u011fa gereksinim duyar. Verim y\u00fcksektir. Akarsu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve vadi tabanlar\u0131nda ekimi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : \u00dcretim miktar\u0131 125 bin tondur. \u00dcretim, t\u00fcketimi kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6nemli bir tah\u0131ld\u0131r. En \u00e7ok Edirne, Samsun, \u00c7orum, \u0130\u00e7el, \u0130zmir, Ankara, Adana, Amasya ve Kastamonu illerinde yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Sebzeler<\/p>\n
Baklagiller<\/p>\n
Mercimek : Yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 baklagildir. Bu nedenle en yayg\u0131n olarak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fasulye : Ekim alan\u0131 en geni\u015f ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olan, hemen hemen t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerimizde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da sulanabilen alanlarda bu\u011fday ile n\u00f6betle\u015fe ekilir.<\/p>\n
Nohut : En fazla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde yeti\u015ftirilen bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00dclkenin gereksinimi kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra \u00a0d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Baklagiller : Bakla, bezelye, b\u00f6\u011fr\u00fclce, fi\u011f, bur\u00e7ak gibi baklagillerin tar\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerimizde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerimizde sulanabilen alanlarda bu\u011fday ile n\u00f6betle\u015fe \u00a0ekilir.<\/p>\n
Yumrulu Sebzeler<\/p>\n
Patates : \u00dclkemizde tar\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen bir sebzedir. N\u00fcfusumuzun beslenmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcretiminde \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu, Marmara ve Karadeniz b\u00f6lgeleri \u00f6nemli paya sahiptir.<\/p>\n
So\u011fan ve Sar\u0131msak : G\u00fcney Marmara, Ege ve Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Devlet taraf\u0131ndan destekleme al\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131 y\u0131llara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretimin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 30’u d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya sat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sera Sebzecili\u011fi : Mevsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebze yeti\u015ftirme etkinli\u011fidir. \u00dclkemizde sera sebzecili\u011finin % 90’\u0131 Akdeniz ile g\u00fcneybat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ilkbahar ve yaz sebzeleri seralarda yeti\u015ftirilir. Akdeniz ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7mesi ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrmesi serac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Sebzecilik<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de iklimin \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermesi sebze \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine neden olmu\u015ftur. Ekili dikili alanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 5’i sebzelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekim alan\u0131 dar olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n verim ve elde edilen gelir y\u00fcksektir. \u00a0Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Do\u011fu Anadolu’da yaz mevsiminin k\u0131sa ve serin ge\u00e7mesi, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirgin ve sulaman\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131 sebze tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiler.<\/p>\n
Meyveler<\/p>\n
F\u0131nd\u0131k<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Humuslu toprak, nemli iklim ve k\u0131\u015f \u0131l\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ister. Sis ve don olay\u0131ndan olumsuz etkilenir. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde 750 m y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar yeti\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : T\u00fcrkiye f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin % 100’\u00fcn\u00fc Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi kar\u015f\u0131lar. \u00d6nemli bir ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminde T\u00fcrkiye, D\u00fcnya’da ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcz\u00fcm<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Anadolu’da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok eskilere dayan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’nin iklim \u00f6zellikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm bitkisinin yeti\u015fmesine \u00e7ok uygundur. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ba\u011flar t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerimizde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yazlar\u0131 nemli ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : Ege B\u00f6lgesi \u00e7ekirdeksiz \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde ilk s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u00fcz\u00fcmler kuru olarak d\u0131\u015f ticarette \u00f6nemli bir paya sahiptir. Bu nedenle ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en ekonomik ve en \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu \u00a0b\u00f6lgemiz Ege’dir.<\/p>\n
UYARI : T\u00fcrkiye, \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcretiminde ve d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m\u0131nda d\u00fcnya birincisidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ncir : T\u00fcrkiye’nin t\u00fcm k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerin al\u00e7ak vadilerinde incir tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilir. \u0130ncir, k\u0131\u015f \u0131l\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 isteyen bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle \u00a0Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00a0En kaliteli incir Menderes ovalar\u0131nda \u00a0yeti\u015fir. Burada elde edilen incirler kuru olarak yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131l\u0131r. Ege B\u00f6lgesi’nin incir \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k % 82’dir.<\/p>\n
Turun\u00e7giller (Narenciye) : Portakal, mandalina, greyfurt, turun\u00e7 ve limon bitkilerine genel olarak turun\u00e7gil denir. Akdeniz ikliminin \u00f6zelliklerine uyum g\u00f6stermesi nedeniyle Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve dona kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Turun\u00e7gil \u00fcretiminde ilk s\u0131rada yer alan Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi’ni Ege B\u00f6lgesi izler.<\/p>\n
UYARI : Rize ve \u00e7evresinde k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7mesi turun\u00e7gil tar\u0131m\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer Meyveler :<\/p>\n
Muz : T\u00fcrkiye’de don olay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi ve k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n 10\u00b0 – 12\u00b0 oldu\u011fu dar bir alanda tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde Alanya-Anamur aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi tek tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesidir. \u00dcretim, \u00fclke gereksiniminin % 20’sini kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131s\u0131 : Anadolu’nun karsal iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde, al\u00e7ak y\u00f6relerde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kay\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretiminde Malatya ili \u00f6nde gelir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeftali : S\u0131cak ve \u0131l\u0131man iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcney Marmara ve Ege b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00f6nemli yeti\u015fme alanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Elma : T\u00fcrkiye genelinde al\u00e7ak y\u00f6relerle, k\u0131y\u0131lara yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi ile Orta Karadeniz ve Antalya b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kaliteli elma yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Antep F\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 : G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, antep f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 75’ini d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya satar.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de Meyvecilik : T\u00fcrkiye’de meyve \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 ile meyvecili\u011fin ekonomik \u00f6nemi giderek artmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de tropikal iklim meyvelerinden, subtropikal ve serin b\u00f6lgelerin meyvelerine kadar hemen her t\u00fcr meyve yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. \u00dcz\u00fcm, incir, f\u0131nd\u0131k, antep f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi meyveler d\u0131\u015f ticaretimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
End\u00fcstri Bitkileri<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 end\u00fcstrilerin hammaddesi olan end\u00fcstri bitkilerinin \u00fcretiminde modern tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan verim y\u00fcksektir. End\u00fcstri bitkileri d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131ma da konu olmaktad\u0131r. Sulanabilen tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 geni\u015fledik\u00e7e end\u00fcstri bitkilerinin ekim alanlar\u0131 da geni\u015flemektedir.<\/p>\n
\u015eekerpancar\u0131<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015ftirme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Il\u0131man iklim b\u00f6lgelerinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131n olan \u015fekerpancar\u0131 nemli toprak ister. Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirgin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde sulama ile yeti\u015fir. Olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f istemez.<\/p>\n
UYARI : \u015eekerpancar\u0131, fazla bekletilmeden i\u015flenmesi gereken bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fundan \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131 ile pancar \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirgin ve sulaman\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015fekerpancar\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz. K\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda ise ekonomik de\u011feri daha y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015fekerpancar\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaz. Belli bir tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi olmayan \u015fekerpancar\u0131 \u00fcretiminde \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pamuk<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : Dokuma ve tekstil end\u00fcstrisinin hammaddesidir. Yeti\u015fme d\u00f6neminde bol nem isteyen pamuk, olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kurakl\u0131k ister.<\/p>\n
UYARI : G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi’nin tamamlanmas\u0131yla bu b\u00f6lgemizde pamuk ekim alanlar\u0131nda geni\u015fleme, \u00fcretimde ise b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : \u00c7ukurova, Amik Ovas\u0131 ve Ege \u00f6nemli \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, D\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminde, \u00c7in, B.D.T., ABD, Hindistan, Brezilya ve M\u0131s\u0131r’dan sonra 6. s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : T\u00fcrkiye’nin iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na en iyi uyum \u00a0sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bir end\u00fcstri bitkisidir. \u00c7imlenme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminde bol su ister. K\u0131ra\u00e7 arazide yeti\u015fen t\u00fct\u00fcnlerin kalitesi y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : T\u00fcrkiye’de t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 devlet denetimi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6nemli bir d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesini bozmamak i\u00e7in \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaz. T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretimi en \u00e7ok Ege, Karadeniz ve Marmara b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminde T\u00fcrkiye 5. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ay<\/p>\n
Yeti\u015fme Ko\u015fullar\u0131 : 1950’den sonra T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ay tar\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Il\u0131man iklim, bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, kire\u00e7siz toprak ve k\u0131\u015f \u0131l\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 isteyen bir bitkidir. \u00c7ay, fazla bekletilmeden i\u015flenmesi gereken bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretim : Trabzon’dan G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar olan k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi \u00f6nemli \u00e7ay tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesidir. \u00dclkemizde ekim alan\u0131 endar olan end\u00fcstri bitkisidir.<\/p>\n
Ha\u015fha\u015f : T\u00fcrkiye’nin hemen hemen t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015febilen bir bitkidir. Belli bir tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi yoktur. Uyu\u015fturucu elde edilmesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ha\u015fha\u015f \u00fcretimi devlet denetimindedir. En \u00f6nemli ekim alanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Bat\u0131 Anadolu ile G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi’dir. \u0130la\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinde kullan\u0131lan ha\u015fha\u015f \u00f6nemli bir d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca tohumlar\u0131ndan sofral\u0131k ya\u011f elde edilir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer End\u00fcstri Bitkileri<\/p>\n
Anason : \u00a0G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi’nde ve Mente\u015fe Y\u00f6resi’nde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok i\u00e7ki end\u00fcstrisinde katk\u0131 maddesi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Keten-Kenevir : Keten dokumac\u0131l\u0131kta, kenevir ise halat, urgan ve \u00e7uval \u00a0yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kenevir tohumlar\u0131ndan uyu\u015fturucu elde edildi\u011finden ekimi devlet denetimindedir. Ayr\u0131ca keten tohumlar\u0131ndan ya\u011f elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u015eerbet\u00e7i Otu : T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in yeni bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bilecik ve \u00e7evresinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bira \u00fcretiminde ve alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerde ho\u015f koku ve ac\u0131ms\u0131 tad vermekte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcl : Parf\u00fcmeri end\u00fcstrisinin hammaddesi olan g\u00fcl tar\u0131m\u0131 G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi’nde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin % 70 – % 80’i d\u0131\u015far\u0131 sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ya\u011fl\u0131 Tohumlular ve Ya\u011f Bitkileri<\/p>\n
Ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi : Al\u00fcvyonlu topraklarda ve s\u0131cak ortamlarda yeti\u015fir. B\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve sulama isteyen ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde kurakl\u0131ktan etkilenmez. \u00dcretimde ilk s\u0131rada yer alan Marmara B\u00f6lgesi’ni Orta Karadeniz, Ege ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6lgeleri izler.<\/p>\n
Zeytin : Ya\u011f bitkisi ve sofral\u0131k olarak t\u00fcketilen zeytin maki bitkisidir. Don olay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi yerlerde yeti\u015fir. Zeytin \u00fcretiminde ilk s\u0131rada Ege, 2. s\u0131rada Marmara B\u00f6lgesi yer al\u0131r. Ege zeytinleri ya\u011f \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131rken Marmara zeytinleri sofral\u0131k olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yer F\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 : T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m\u0131 1915’ten sonra ba\u015flayan yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde yeti\u015ftirilir. Mente\u015fe Y\u00f6resi ile G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde de yer yer tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Susam : Olgunla\u015fma i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131k, hasat i\u00e7in kurakl\u0131k isteyen bu bitki, Akdeniz, Ege ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Soya Fasulyesi : Soya fasulyesinin T\u00fcrkiye’deki do\u011fal yeti\u015fme alan\u0131 Do\u011fu ve Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin k\u0131y\u0131 \u015ferididir. Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde bu\u011fdaydan sonra ikinci \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Son y\u0131llarda \u00f6nem kazanan bir ya\u011f bitkisidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131m\u0131 Etkileyen Etmenler Da\u011fl\u0131k ve engebeli arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler \u015feklinde tar\u0131msal faaliyetler daha yo\u011fundur. Topraktan al\u0131nan verimin art\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n dinlenmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (nadas) gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r : Toprak Bak\u0131m\u0131 ve Islah\u0131 Topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015flar\u0131ndan ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, batakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131, … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[14509,14510],"class_list":["post-40464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","tag-turkiyede-tarim","tag-turkiyede-tarim-urunleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40464"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40464\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}