{"id":40012,"date":"2012-12-16T23:46:05","date_gmt":"2012-12-16T21:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=40012"},"modified":"2012-12-16T23:46:05","modified_gmt":"2012-12-16T21:46:05","slug":"periyodik-cetvelin-ozellileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/periyodik-cetvelin-ozellileri.html","title":{"rendered":"Periyodik Cetvelin \u00d6zellileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Periyodik cetvelde d\u00fc\u015fey s\u00fctunlara grup yatay s\u0131ralara da periyot denir. 8 tane A (ba\u015f grup) 8 tanede B olmak \u00fczere 16 grup vard\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 2. Bir elementin bulundu\u011fu ba\u015f grup numaras\u0131 onun de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir. \u00d6rne\u011fin element 7A grubundaysa de\u011ferlik elektronu 7, 3A grubundaysa de\u011ferlik elektronu 3 d\u00fcr. <\/span>
\n 3. Ayn\u0131 gruptaki elementlerin de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri de ayn\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 4. Periyodik cetveldeki gruplar \u015f\u00f6yle adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span>
\n GRUP ADI : <\/span>
\n 1A Alkali metaller <\/span>
\n 2A Toprak alkali metaller <\/span>
\n 3A Toprak metalleri <\/span>
\n 4A Karbon grubu <\/span>
\n 5A Azot grubu <\/span>
\n 6A Oksijen grubu <\/span>
\n 7A Halojenler <\/span>
\n 8A Soygazlar(asal gazlar) <\/span>
\n 5. Her periyot bir alkali metalle ba\u015flar ve bir soygaz ile biter. <\/span>
\n 6. Hidrojen alkali metal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 1.periyot alkali metalle ba\u015flamaz. <\/span>
\n 7. Periyotlarda soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e asitlik \u00f6zelli\u011fi artar, bazl\u0131k ve elektrik iletkenli\u011fi azal\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 8. Soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru atom \u00e7ap\u0131 azal\u0131rken yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru atom \u00e7ap\u0131 artar. <\/span>
\n 9. Soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru iyonla\u015fma enerjisi artarken yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru iyonla\u015fma enerjisi azal\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 10. Soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru \u00e7ap azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in elementlerin elektron ilgisi (elektronegatiflik) artar, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru azal\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 11. Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru metalik \u00f6zellik artar, soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru azal\u0131r. <\/span>
\n Baz\u0131 Gruplar\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri : <\/span>
\n 1A GRUBU (ALKAL\u0130 METALLER) (Li, Na, K, Rb,Cs,Fr) <\/span><\/p>\n

1. De\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131lar\u0131 bir oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu elektronunu kolayl\u0131kla vererek bile\u015fiklerinde sadece +1 de\u011ferlik al\u0131rlar. \u0130yi indirgendirler. <\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u00c7ok aktif olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tabiatta bile\u015fikleri halinde bulunurlar. Tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n elektroliziyle saf halde elde edilebilirler. <\/span><\/p>\n

3. Su ve hava oksijeniyle tepkimeye girdiklerinden laboratuvarda eter yada gaz ya\u011f\u0131nda saklan\u0131rlar. <\/span><\/p>\n

4. Alevi karakteristik renklere boyarlar.( Na sar\u0131ya, Li k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya ) <\/span>
\n 5. Yumu\u015fak ve parlakt\u0131rlar. Erime noktalar\u0131 ve yo\u011funluklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Grupta yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e yo\u011funluklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcr, erime noktalar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/span>
\n 7A GRUBU ( HALOJENLER ) (F,Cl,Br,I,At) <\/span><\/p>\n

1. De\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131lar\u0131 7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bile\u015fiklerinde +7 ile -1 aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferlikler alabilirler. \u00d6zellikle -1 de\u011ferlik al\u0131rlar. <\/span>
\n 2. Hidrojenli bile\u015fikleri asit \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterir.(HCl,HI,HF….). Grupta yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e asitlik \u00f6zelli\u011fi artar. <\/span>
\n 3. Atom numaralar\u0131 soygazlardan bir ek******. <\/span>
\n 4. Grupta yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e atom no ve atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 artar, elektron alma \u00f6zelli\u011fi (elektron ilgisi) azal\u0131r. <\/span>
\n 5. P.cetvelde elektron alma ilgisi en fazla olan (elektronegatifli\u011fi en fazla) element flor oldu\u011fundan flor en iyi y\u00fckseltgendir. <\/span>
\n 6. 2 atomlu molek\u00fcller halinde bulunurlar. Oda \u015fartlar\u0131nda F2, Cl2 gaz , Br2 s\u0131v\u0131 I2 ve At2 kat\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>
\n \u00d6SYM s\u0131nav\u0131nda 1A , 7A ve 8A grubunun \u00f6zellikleri sorulmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

8A GRUBU (SOYGAZLAR) (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe Rn) <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu gruba ait olan elementler kararl\u0131 olup kimyasal tepkimeye girmezler. <\/span>
\n Elementlerin Periyodik Cetveldeki Yeri : <\/span>
\n Yeri belirlenecek elementin elektron da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 grubunu, en y\u00fcksek enerji d\u00fczeyi de periyodunu g\u00f6sterir. Son orbital S yada P ile bitiyorsa A, d ile bitiyorsa B grubu elementidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek : <\/span>
\n Atom numaras\u0131 15 olan elementin periyodik cetveldeki yeri neresidir ? <\/span><\/p>\n

2+3=5 5A <\/span>
\n 15X= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 <\/span>
\n 3. periyot <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek : <\/span><\/p>\n

19X, 13Y, 23Z elementlerinin periyodik cetveldeki yerlerini belirleyiniz ? <\/span><\/p>\n

19X : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 : 4.periyot 1A grubu <\/span><\/p>\n

13Y: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 : 3.periyot 3A grubu <\/span><\/p>\n

23Z: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 : 4.periyot B grubu <\/span>
\n Baz\u0131 \u00d6zelliklerin Periyodik Cetveldeki De\u011fi\u015fimi : <\/span>
\n 1. ATOM NUMARASI <\/span><\/p>\n

Periyotlarda soldan sa\u011fa, gruplarda yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e atom numaras\u0131 artar. <\/span><\/p>\n

2. ATOM YARI\u00c7API (Atom hacmi) <\/span><\/p>\n

Atom yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 atomun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu bak\u0131mdan y\u00f6r\u00fcnge say\u0131sy\u0131la do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fitse, atom numras\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan\u0131n (\u00e7ekirdekteki \u00e7ekim kuvveti az oldu\u011fundan) yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/span>
\n Bu bak\u0131mdan gruplarda yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e atoma yeni y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler eklendi\u011finden atom \u00e7ap\u0131 artmakta, soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru yeni y\u00f6r\u00fcnge eklenmedi\u011finden atom \u00e7ap\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0130YONLA\u015eMA ENERJ\u0130S\u0130 <\/span>
\n \u0130yonla\u015fma enerjisi atom \u00e7ap\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru \u00e7ap azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iyonla\u015fma enerjisi artmakta, yukarydan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ap artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iyonla\u015f&thorn;ma enerjisi azalmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

4. ELEKTRON ALMA VE VERME \u00d6ZELL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span><\/p>\n

Gruplarda yukarydan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inildik\u00e7e elektron verme \u00f6zelli\u011fi artar, periyotlarda soldan sa\u011fa gidildik\u00e7e azal\u0131r. Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit olanlardan, de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131 az olan daha kolay elektron verir. <\/span>
\n Bir elementin metalik \u00f6zelli\u011fi elektron verme e\u011filimiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/span>
\n Bir elementin ametalik \u00f6zelli\u011fide elektron alma e\u011filimiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Periyodik cetvelde d\u00fc\u015fey s\u00fctunlara grup yatay s\u0131ralara da periyot denir. 8 tane A (ba\u015f grup) 8 tanede B olmak \u00fczere 16 grup vard\u0131r. 2. Bir elementin bulundu\u011fu ba\u015f grup numaras\u0131 onun de\u011ferlik elektron say\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir. \u00d6rne\u011fin element 7A grubundaysa de\u011ferlik elektronu 7, 3A grubundaysa de\u011ferlik elektronu 3 d\u00fcr. 3. Ayn\u0131 gruptaki elementlerin de\u011ferlik elektronlar\u0131 … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12783],"tags":[14190,14191],"class_list":["post-40012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kimya-dn","tag-periyodik-cetvel","tag-periyodik-cetvel-ozellikleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40012\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}