Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi<\/p>\n
Kenarlar\u0131 da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’nin 1\/5 lik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip en geni\u015f co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgedir. Yer \u015fekilleri ve iklim \u00f6zelliklerinin etkisiyle 4 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00a0Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Yukar\u0131 Murat-Van B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Hakkari B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Yer \u015fekilleri<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafi \u00f6zelli\u011fini veren \u00a0y\u00fckseltinin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 3000 metreyi a\u015fan, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc uzanan birbirine paralel da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 ve bu da\u011flar aras\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131 ile y\u00fcksek plotalar \u00f6nemli yer\u015fekilleridir.<\/p>\n
Da\u011flar : B\u00f6lgeyi kuzeyden \u00e7evreleyen Karasu-Aras Da\u011flar\u0131 ile g\u00fcneyden \u00e7evreleyen G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Toroslar, \u015eerafettin Da\u011flar\u0131, Hakkari Da\u011flar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131d\u0131r. Volkanik arazinin en geni\u015f yer kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedir. A\u011fr\u0131, S\u00fcphan, Nemrut ve Tend\u00fcrek ba\u015fl\u0131ca s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f volkanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ovalar : B\u00f6lgenin d\u00fczl\u00fckleri kuzeyde, Erzincan, Tercan, Erzurum, I\u011fd\u0131r \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131d\u0131r. I\u011fd\u0131r ovas\u0131, 800 metre ile b\u00f6lgenin en \u00e7ukur yeridir. G\u00fcneyde ise Elbistan, Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Bing\u00f6l ve Mu\u015f \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Y\u00fcksekova ve Ba\u015fkale ovalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2000 metreden fazlad\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, kuzeydeki ve g\u00fcneydeki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131 boyunca uzanan fay hatlar\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00f6nemli bir deprem b\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n
Platolar \u00a0: Do\u011fu Anadolu’da akarsularla yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7evresine g\u00f6re al\u00e7akta ve y\u00fcksekte olan de\u011fi\u015fik platolar bulunmaktad\u0131r. F\u0131rat ve kollar\u0131nca par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f Uzunyayla, Erzurum-Kars platolar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akarsular ve G\u00f6ller<\/p>\n
Akarsular<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgede yer alan Aras ve Kura nehirleri Hazar Denizi’ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kapal\u0131 havza olu\u015ftururlar. Dicle, F\u0131rat ve kollar\u0131 olan Karasu ile Murat nehirleri b\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli akarsular\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lge akarsular\u0131n\u0131n rejimi d\u00fczensizdir. Kar erimeleri ile beslendiklerinden yaz\u0131n sular\u0131 kabar\u0131r. Yatak e\u011fimleri fazla oldu\u011fundan hidroelektrik potansiyelleri fazlad\u0131r. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin en geni\u015f kapal\u0131 havzas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6ller<\/p>\n
G\u00f6l bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye’nin en zengin b\u00f6lgesidir. Volkanik set g\u00f6l\u00fc olan Van G\u00f6l\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sular\u0131 sodal\u0131 olan g\u00f6lde feribot ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli g\u00f6lleri; Er\u00e7ek, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r, Akta\u015f (Hazapin), Hazar, Bal\u0131k, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 ve Nemrut g\u00f6lleridir.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin denize uzak ve y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle karasal iklimin etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7ok geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131 ve y\u00fckseklik farklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iklim \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin en so\u011fuk ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00a0en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yerdir. Burada yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc daha g\u00fcneyde yer almas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fin azalmas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131cakl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en elveri\u015fli yeridir. K\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 fazla olur, yaz mevsimi ise kurak ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgede orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc tahrip edilmi\u015f olup, genellikle antropojen bozk\u0131rlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kars-Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Y\u00f6resi’nde sar\u0131\u00e7am ormanlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Bing\u00f6l ve Tunceli \u00e7evresinde me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek k\u0131s\u0131mlar ile Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nde g\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131rlar ve otlaklar bulunur.<\/p>\n
N\u00fcfus ve Yerle\u015fme<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’nin en seyrek ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu’dan sonra en az n\u00fcfuslu b\u00f6lgesidir. Do\u011fum oran\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 verdi\u011finden n\u00fcfusu azd\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin da\u011fl\u0131k olmas\u0131, iklim \u00f6zellikleri ve ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7leri art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki yapmaktad\u0131r. Kentle\u015fme oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’ndeki ovalarla, I\u011fd\u0131r Y\u00f6resi’nde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erzurum, Erzincan, Malatya ve Elaz\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgenin en kalabal\u0131k merkezleridir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ller<\/p>\n
A\u011fr\u0131, Ardahan, Bing\u00f6l, Bitlis, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Erzincan, Erzurum, Hakkari, I\u011fd\u0131r, Kars, Malatya, Mu\u015f, \u015e\u0131rnak, Tunceli, Van<\/p>\n
Ekonomik \u00a0\u00d6zellikler<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin y\u00fcksek ve engebeli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131r. Bunlar daha \u00e7ok tektonik k\u00f6kenli oluklar ve platolarda yer al\u0131r. \u00a0Malatya, Erzurum, Elaz\u0131\u011f, I\u011fd\u0131r, Mu\u015f, Bing\u00f6l ve Erzincan ovalar\u0131 en \u00e7ok ekim yap\u0131lan alanlard\u0131r. Karasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetli olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 2000 m’nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fidi az olan b\u00f6lgede bu\u011fday, arpa, \u015fekerpancar\u0131 ve patates ba\u015fl\u0131ca tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m \u00dcr\u00fcnleri<\/p>\n
Pamuk : I\u011fd\u0131r ve Malatya ovalar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn : Mu\u015f, Bitlis ve Malatya’da ekimi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tah\u0131llar : Bu\u011fday Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Erzurum-Pasinler ve Horasan ovalar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir. Bu\u011fdaya g\u00f6re daha az s\u0131cakl\u0131k isteyen arpa ise Kuzeydo\u011fu Anadolu platolar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eekerpancar\u0131 : Sulanabilen tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Sebze : Lahana ve patates Erzurum-Pasinler ve Horasan ovalar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Meyve : Kay\u0131s\u0131 yo\u011fun olarak Malatya’da sulanabilen alanlarda, \u00f6zellikle F\u0131rat ve Tohma k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir. Ayr\u0131ca Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f ve Erzincan’da dut \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Akarsu boylar\u0131nda elma bah\u00e7eleri bulunur.<\/p>\n
Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n
Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k tar\u0131ma g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Nedeni iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olumsuzlu\u011fu ve tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nde yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve g\u00fcr otlaklara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k mera hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r ve verim azd\u0131r. Hakkari ve Kars y\u00f6relerinde ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n %7’si bu b\u00f6lgededir. B\u00f6lge ekonomisinde ormanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n
Madenler ve Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131<\/p>\n
UYARI : Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde volkanik arazi yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fundan maden \u00e7e\u015fidi boldur.<\/p>\n
Madenler : B\u00f6lge maden ve enerji \u00fcretiminde ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131r. B\u00f6lge krom, demir, bak\u0131r, kur\u015fun, kaya tuzu, barit, oltu ta\u015f\u0131, manganez yataklar\u0131 i\u015fletir.<\/p>\n
Krom : Elaz\u0131\u011f’da Alacakaya (Guleman) Havzas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck krom \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Demir : En \u00e7ok bu b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Sivas-Divri\u011fi, Malatya-Hekimhan, Hasan\u00e7elebi, \u00c7etinkaya havzalar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131r : Elaz\u0131\u011f \u2013 Maden, Diyarkbak\u0131r-Ergani havzas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131r \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131 : En \u00f6nemli linyit yata\u011f\u0131 Af\u015fin-Elbistan Havzas\u0131’ndad\u0131r. Kalorisi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve rezervi bol olan linyitler Af\u015fin-Elbistan termik santralinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Enerji \u00dcretim Tesisleri : Hidroelektrik \u00fcretiminin en fazla oldu\u011fu yerdir. F\u0131rat \u00fczerinde Keban, Karakaya ve Tercan barajlar\u0131 ile Kars’taki Arpa\u00e7ay \u00f6nemli hidroelektrik santralleridir. Af\u015fin \u2013 Elbistan termik santralinde linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yak\u0131larak elektrik \u00fcretilir. Enerji t\u00fcketiminin en az oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n
End\u00fcstri<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131ca end\u00fcstri tesisleri \u015funlard\u0131r :<\/p>\n
\u015eeker : Erzurum, Malatya, Erzincan, Elaz\u0131\u011f, A\u011fr\u0131, Mu\u015f, Van-Erci\u015f<\/p>\n
S\u00fct \u00dcr\u00fcnleri : Kars<\/p>\n
Et \u00dcr\u00fcnleri : Van, Erzurum, Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/p>\n
Sigara : Malatya, Bitlis<\/p>\n
Pamuklu Dokuma : Malatya, Erzincan<\/p>\n
Fosfat : Sivrice-Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/p>\n
Ferrokrom : Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/p>\n
Kur\u015fun : Keban<\/p>\n
Ula\u015f\u0131m<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sert ve uzun ge\u00e7mesi, arazinin da\u011fl\u0131k olmas\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir. B\u00f6lgede do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzanan tektonik oluklar ve akarsu vadileri ula\u015f\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131k Hakkari B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n en zor sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmler kara ve demiryolu ile i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hava yolu ile \u00fclkenin bir \u00e7ok kentine ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Turizm<\/p>\n
Ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve konaklama tesislerinin yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle turizm geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Da\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, k\u0131\u015f turizmi, ve do\u011fal g\u00fczellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Nemrut Kaldera G\u00f6l\u00fc, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc, G\u00fcrlevik ve Bendimahi \u00e7a\u011flayanlar\u0131 ilgi \u00e7eken do\u011fa g\u00fczellikleridir. Do\u011fu Beyaz\u0131t’taki \u0130shakpa\u015fa Saray\u0131, Kars’taki Ani Harabeleri, Erzurum ve Ahlat’taki Sel\u00e7uklu eserleri \u00f6nemli tarihi zenginliklerdir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lgenin \u00dclke Ekonomisindeki Yeri<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da b\u00f6lge ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli yer tutan \u00fcr\u00fcn ve ekonomik faaliyet t\u00fcrlerinin listesi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131s\u0131
\n\u015eekerpancar\u0131
\nTah\u0131l
\nT\u00fct\u00fcn
\nS\u00fct
\nEt
\nYapa\u011f\u0131
\nHayvanc\u0131l\u0131k
\nBak\u0131r
\nDemir
\nKrom
\nManganez
\nLinyit<\/p>\n
UYARI : B\u00f6lgede halk\u0131n ana ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 tar\u0131md\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok madencilik ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 sanayi kollar\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc end\u00fcstrinin geli\u015fmesini engellemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi Kenarlar\u0131 da\u011f s\u0131ras\u0131 ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye’nin 1\/5 lik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip en geni\u015f co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgedir. Yer \u015fekilleri ve iklim \u00f6zelliklerinin etkisiyle 4 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00a0Erzurum-Kars B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Yukar\u0131 Murat-Van B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Hakkari B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yer \u015fekilleri B\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafi \u00f6zelli\u011fini veren \u00a0y\u00fckseltinin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 3000 metreyi a\u015fan, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc uzanan birbirine paralel … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[14171,842],"class_list":["post-39983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","tag-dogu-anadolu","tag-dogu-anadolu-bolgesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39983\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}