T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de \u0130zmir\u2019in 50 km uza\u011f\u0131ndaki Efes antik \u015fehrinde bulunan Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Diana Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131ndan biridir. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131 M.\u00d6\u2019 den 550 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lidya kral\u0131 Croesus\u2019un emri ile bereket tanr\u0131s\u0131 Artemis i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup y\u00fcz yirmi senelik bir projenin eseri olu\u015fudur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re tap\u0131nak M\u00d6 550 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Giritli mimarlar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131 Lidya\u2019n\u0131n zengin kral\u0131 Kroisos finanse ederek yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tap\u0131nak hakk\u0131nda t\u00fcm bilgiler tarih\u00e7i Plynus\u2019un anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Plynus tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n 115 metre uzunlu\u011funda 55 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde oldu\u011funu ve neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n mermerden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tap\u0131nak her biri 18 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde 127 tane kolondan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131n\u0131 ilk defa derleyen Yunanl\u0131 S\u0130DON \u201c Babilin asma bah\u00e7elerini, Zeus\u2019un heykelini, M\u0131s\u0131rdaki piramitleri g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ama Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 duygular ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f. \u201cArtemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm zaman di\u011fer harikalar t\u00fcm parlakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Olimpos\u2019 un d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f hi\u00e7 bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feye bakmad\u0131\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bizansl\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Filon da Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n Babillilerin kudretli i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini, Mozolesin mezar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ama Efes\u2019te bulutlara do\u011fru y\u00fckselen Artemis tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tap\u0131nak, d\u00f6nemin en \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bronz ve mermer heykelleri ile s\u00fcslenmi\u015f olup doksan metre y\u00fckseklikte ve k\u0131rk be\u015f metre geni\u015flikte devasa bir yap\u0131ym\u0131\u015f. Y\u00fcz kadar s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Tamamen mermerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok sanat eseri vard\u0131. Tap\u0131nak, \u00dcnl\u00fc Yunan heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f heykellerle, tablolarla ve alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fle bezenmi\u015f kolonlarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n en g\u00fczel heykeli yaratmak i\u00e7in birbirleri ile yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015ftir. Bu heykellerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Efes \u015fehrini kurdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen Amazonlar\u0131n heykelleridir.<\/p>\n
Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekten bir tap\u0131nak m\u0131yd\u0131? Tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Kaynaklar, bereket tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u00e7inin tap\u0131nak, d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Hatta ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bizim Kapal\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 gibi turistik de\u011fere bile sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6stermektedir. Artemis tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir pazar ve dinsel enstit\u00fc idi. Y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca tanr\u0131\u00e7aya inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve isteklerini sunanlar hediyeler getirmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda bilezikler k\u00fcpeler gerdanl\u0131klar fildi\u015fi heykeller bulunmu\u015ftur. Tap\u0131na\u011fa gelen turistlerin \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan ald\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131n ve fildi\u015fi tak\u0131lar\u0131 bereket tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na sunduklar\u0131 kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015ftir Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n A nadolu’nun ekonomik olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir b\u00f6lgesinde yer almas\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar ve Anadolu’nun her yerinden yolcular taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6 21Temmuz 356 y\u0131l\u0131nda Herostratus adl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi b\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131y\u0131 yak\u0131nca ad\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek \u00fcnl\u00fc olmak i\u00e7in tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in do\u011fumuyla ayn\u0131 g\u00fcne denk gelmi\u015ftir. Halk aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re tanr\u0131\u00e7a Artemis, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019 in do\u011fumuyla o kadar \u00e7ok ilgiliymi\u015f ki kendi evinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemedi bile \u015feklinde yorumlar yap\u0131larak s\u00f6ylenti her yere yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender bu nedenle tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 onarmay\u0131 \u00e7ok istemi\u015fse de tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 onartamadan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n sad\u0131k m\u00fcritleri ise her hasardan sonra tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 onarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra Roma \u0130mparatoru Konstantin \u015fehri yeniden yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tap\u0131nak tekrar in\u015fa edilmemi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6\u2019 den 262 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f yang\u0131n sonucunda tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanarak ba\u015fka yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tamir edilmeyerek b\u0131rak\u0131lan tap\u0131nak yava\u015f yava\u015f yol olmu\u015f ve bu g\u00fcn sadece tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yerini belli edecek sadece bir tek s\u00fctun kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
As\u0131l \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc durum ise tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. British M\u00fczesinin sponsorlu\u011funda John Turtle Wood 1863’de tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.. 1869’da 6 metre derinlikte, \u00e7amurlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n temellerini bulmu\u015ftur.
\nBuldu\u011fu heykelleri ve baz\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 British M\u00fczesine g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fundan tap\u0131naktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yap\u0131lar ve heykeller orada g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bug\u00fcn batakl\u0131k halinde olan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n as\u0131l yerinde ise tek bir s\u00fctun haricinde hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1904’de yine ayn\u0131 m\u00fczeden D.G. Hograth’\u0131n liderli\u011findeki bir ekip kaz\u0131lara devam ettiler ve sitede birbirinin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen 5 tap\u0131nak oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffettiler.<\/p>\n
Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 evreden olu\u015ftu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. A evresi tap\u0131naktan \u00f6nce orada yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sunakt\u0131r. B evresi daha sonra bunun \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan tap\u0131nak, C evresi ise yang\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lan restorasyondur.<\/p>\n
Artemis tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n muhte\u015fem iki heykeli Sel\u00e7uk M\u00fczesi\u2019inde sergilenmektedir. Art\u0131k Artemis tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Sadece bir s\u00fctun kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son y\u0131llarda Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen eserlerin yurdumuza geri getirilmesi, iade edilmesi i\u00e7in resmi ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de \u0130zmir\u2019in 50 km uza\u011f\u0131ndaki Efes antik \u015fehrinde bulunan Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Diana Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedi harikas\u0131ndan biridir. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden en yayg\u0131n olan\u0131 M.\u00d6\u2019 den 550 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lidya kral\u0131 Croesus\u2019un emri ile bereket tanr\u0131s\u0131 Artemis i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup y\u00fcz yirmi senelik bir projenin eseri … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[14087],"class_list":["post-39885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","tag-artemis-tapinagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39885"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39885\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}