Sevgili \u00f6\u011frenciler, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da gerek deneme s\u0131navlar\u0131nda gerek yaz\u0131l\u0131larda gerekse merkezi s\u0131navlarda en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bilgileri derledim. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tek bir tane bile gereksiz, ayr\u0131nt\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Normal ders kitaplar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bu alt\u0131n bilgileri s\u0131nav \u00f6ncesinde dikkatle okuman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ediyorum.
\nYusuf Kenan DURMUsOgLU<\/p>\n
1. Mensur \u015fiirin ilk \u00f6rneklerini Servet-i F\u00fcnun d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan Halit Ziyah U\u015fakl\u0131gil \u0093Mensur \u015eiirler\u0094 adl\u0131 eserinde vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda mensur \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki baz\u0131 eserler \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n– Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil = Mezardan Sesler.
\n– Mehmet Rauf = Siyah \u0130nciler
\n– Yakup Kadri = Erenlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ndan, Okun Ucundan
\n– Ru\u015fen E\u015fref \u00dcnayd\u0131n = Damla Damla
\n– Sabahattin Kudret Aksal = Mavi<\/p>\n
3. \u015eiirden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan, tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan dizelere \u0093azade m\u0131sra (m\u0131sra-\u0131 azade) denir.<\/p>\n
4. \u015eiirin tek ba\u015f\u0131na dilden dile dola\u015fan, haf\u0131zalarda yer eden en g\u00fczel dizesine \u0093m\u0131sra-\u0131 berceste\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
5. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ilk kez Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 eserde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. K\u0131sa bir heceyi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc gere\u011fi uzun okumaya imale denir. \u0130male, bir aruz kusurudur.<\/p>\n
7. Zihaf, uzun bir heceyi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc gere\u011fi k\u0131saltmakt\u0131r. Zihaf, bir aruz kusurudur.<\/p>\n
8. Vasl (Ulama) , \u00dcns\u00fczle biten bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn son \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, ondan sonra gelen ve \u00fcnl\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ilk hecesine ba\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Takti (Kesme), Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde duraklardaki kesmedir. Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde duraklar s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri b\u00f6lebilir.<\/p>\n
10. Med, bir uzun heceyi, bir uzun bir k\u0131sa hece yapmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Serbest (\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz) \u015fiirin ilk \u00f6rneklerini Abd\u00fclhak Hamit Tarhan, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0093Validem\u0094 adl\u0131 eserinde vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Lirik \u015eiir, Duygusal y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r basan \u015firlerdir. Bu \u015fiirlerde co\u015fkulu bir anlat\u0131m vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Epik \u015eiir, Sava\u015f, kahramanl\u0131k gibi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
14.Pastoral \u015eiir, Do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini, k\u00f6y ve \u00e7oban ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
15. Birka\u00e7 \u00e7oban\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla olu\u015fturulan pastoral \u015fiirlere \u0093eglog\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
16. Bir \u00e7oban\u0131n ya da ozan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan k\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini, \u00e7ekicili\u011fini anlatan pastoral \u015fiirlere \u0093idil\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
17. Didaktik \u015eiir, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilgi vermeyi ama\u00e7layan \u00f6\u011fretici \u015fiirleridir.<\/p>\n
18. Satirik \u015eiir, Toplum ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, d\u00fczensizlikleri, eksikleri, ki\u015filerin yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 alayl\u0131 bir dille anlatan \u015fiirlere \u0091Satirik \u015eiir\u0092 denir.<\/p>\n
19. Satirik \u015fiirler, Divan edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093hicviye\u0094 , Halk edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093ta\u015flama\u0094 ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Dramatik \u015eiir, manzum tiyatro yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki \u015fiirlerdir. Hayat\u0131n ac\u0131kl\u0131, komik, korkun\u00e7 y\u00f6nlerini konu edinir.<\/p>\n
21. Ko\u015fuklar, A\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131ndaki ko\u015fmalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle ko\u015fmayla ko\u015fuk aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bak\u0131mlardan benzerlikler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Bilinen en eski sagu, Alp Er Tunga Sagusu\u0092dur.<\/p>\n
23. Sagunun Halk edebiyat\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131t, Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki benzeri (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131) mersiyedir.<\/p>\n
24. Sav, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki atas\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Mani, genellikle tek d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fur. 7\u0092li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle olu\u015fturulur. Konuya giri\u015f i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen ilk iki dizeye \u0093doldurma dize\u0094 denir. As\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ileti ise son iki dizede bulunur.<\/p>\n
26.T\u00fcrk\u00fc,genellikle \u00fc\u00e7er ya da d\u00f6rder dizeli bentler ve her bendin sonunda tekrarlanan \u0093kavu\u015ftak\u0094 ya da \u0093ba\u011flama\u0094 ad\u0131 verilen nakarat dizelerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
27. Divan edebiyat\u0131nda manzum olarak olu\u015fturulan bilmecelere \u0093lugaz\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
28. Ko\u015fmalar, konular\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fu t\u00fcrlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r :
\nG\u00fczelleme: A\u015fk, sevgi ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini i\u015fleyen ko\u015fmalard\u0131r.
\nKo\u00e7aklama : Kahramanl\u0131k, sava\u015f gibi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen ko\u015fmalard\u0131r.
\nTa\u015flama : Herhangi bir ki\u015fiyi ya da toplumdaki aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 ele\u015ftiren ko\u015fmalard\u0131r.
\nA\u011f\u0131t : Bir ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden duyulan ac\u0131y\u0131 dile getiren ko\u015fmalard\u0131r.
\n29. Ko\u015fma naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131ndaki \u0093ko\u015fuk\u0094 ; Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki \u0093gazel\u0094 ile benzerlik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
30. Semainin ko\u015fma naz\u0131m bi\u00e7iminden ayr\u0131lan y\u00f6nleri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ezgiyle s\u00f6ylenmesi ve 8\u0092li hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Kimin taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen destanlara do\u011fal destan, yazar\u0131 bilinen destanlara yapay destan denir.<\/p>\n
*Bozkurt \u0096 Do\u011fal Destan (G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk)
\n*T\u00fcreyi\u015f \u0096 Do\u011fal Destan (Uygur)
\n*Nasihat Destan\u0131 \u0096 Yapay Destan (Karacao\u011flan)
\n*Gen\u00e7 Osman Destan\u0131 \u0096 Yapay Destan (Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Kul Mustafa)
\n* \u00c7anakkale \u015eehitlerine \u0096 Mehmet Akif Ersoy
\n* \u00dc\u00e7 \u015eehitler Destan\u0131 \u0096 Faz\u0131l H\u00fcsn\u00fc Da\u011flarca<\/p>\n
32. \u0130lahiler, Bekta\u015filikte \u0093nefes\u0094 ; Alevilikte ise \u0093deme\u0094 ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Nutuk, tarikata yeni giren dervi\u015flere yol g\u00f6stermek, onlar\u0131 bilgilendirmek amac\u0131yla s\u00f6ylenen didaktik \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
34. \u015eathiye, Tanr\u0131yla konu\u015fur gibi s\u00f6ylenen, inan\u00e7lardan alayc\u0131 bir dille s\u00f6z edilen \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n
35. Hikmet, dini ,ahlaki, felsefi konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen \u00f6\u011f\u00fct \u015fiirleridir.<\/p>\n
36. Gazeller, aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle, 5-15 beyit aras\u0131nda olu\u015fturulur. Gazelin ve kasidenin uyak d\u00fczeni \u0093aa\/ba\/ca\/da\u0085 \u0094bi\u00e7imindedir.<\/p>\n
37. Gazelin ilk beyitine \u0093matla\u0094 , son beyitine \u0093makta\u0094 , en g\u00fczel beyitine \u0093beyt\u0092\u00fcl-gazel\u0094 , \u015fairin mahlas\u0131n\u0131 (takma ad\u0131n\u0131) s\u00f6yledi\u011fi beyte \u0093ta\u00e7 beyit\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
38. Divan edebiyat\u0131nda par\u00e7a g\u00fczelli\u011fi benimsendi\u011fi i\u00e7in gazellerde de genellikle konu birli\u011fi yoktur. Beyitleri aras\u0131nda konu birli\u011fi olan gazellere \u0093yek \u0096 ahenk gazel\u0094 denir. B\u00fct\u00fcn beyitleri birbirinden g\u00fczel olan gazellere ise \u0093yek \u0096 avaz gazel\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
39. Baz\u0131 gazeller beyitler tam ortas\u0131ndan b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek d\u00f6rtl\u00fck bi\u00e7imine getirilir. Bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan gazellere \u0093musammat gazel\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
40. Kaside, din ve devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerini \u00f6vmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan ve bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklenen \u015fiirlerdir. Beyitlerle olu\u015fturulur, gazel gibi (aa\/ba\/ca \u0085) uyaklan\u0131r. Beyit say\u0131s\u0131 genellikle 33-93 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
41. Methiye, kasidenin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kasidenin sunuldu\u011fu ki\u015finin \u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm kasidenin en uzun b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
42. Tegazz\u00fcl, kasidenin aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, onunla ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve uyakta olan gazeldir.<\/p>\n
43. Fahriye, \u015fairin kendini \u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
44. Mesnevi, divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en uzun naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Uzun a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fcleri ve dini, tasavvufi, ahlaki \u00f6yk\u00fcler genellikle mesnevi naz\u0131m bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (aa\/bb\/cc\/dd \u0085) uyakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
45. Be\u015f mesneviden olu\u015fan eserlere \u0093hamse\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
46. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki ilk mesnevi Yusuf Has Hacip\u0091in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 eseridir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli mesnevilerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r :<\/p>\n
Garipname ———- A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa
\n\u0130skendername —— Ahmedi
\nHarname ———— \u015eeyhi
\nMant\u0131ku\u0092t Tayr —— G\u00fcl\u015fehri
\nHayriye ————- Nabi
\nHayrabad ———– Nabi
\nH\u00fcsn \u00fc A\u015fk ——— \u015eeyh Galip<\/p>\n
47. M\u00fcstezat, gazelin dizelerinin her birinin ard\u0131na k\u0131sa dizeler eklenerek yaz\u0131lan \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir. Eklenen bu k\u0131sa dizelere \u0093ziyade\u0094 ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
48. Terkib-i bentin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini Ba\u011fdatl\u0131 Ruhi, ve Ziya Pa\u015fa vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
49. Bir \u015fairin, ba\u015fka bir \u015fairin \u015fiirini konu ve bi\u00e7im y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6rnek alarak ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, ayn\u0131 uyak ve ayn\u0131 redifle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzer \u015fiire \u0093nazire\u0094 ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
50. Terci-i bendin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini Ziya Pa\u015fa ve \u015eeyh Galip vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
51. Rubainin D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ustas\u0131 \u00d6mer Hayyam\u0092d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
52. T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerin, Halk edebiyat\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan maniden etkilenerek Divan edebiyat\u0131na kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi tuyu\u011fdur.<\/p>\n
53. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda tuyu\u011f naz\u0131m bi\u00e7iminin en \u00f6nemli ustalar\u0131 Kad\u0131 Burhanettin ve Ali \u015eir Nevai\u0092dir.<\/p>\n
53. T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerin t\u00fcrk\u00fcden etkilenerek Divan edebiyat\u0131na kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi \u015fark\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
54. \u015eark\u0131 naz\u0131m bi\u00e7iminin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 temsilcisi, 18.y\u00fczy\u0131l sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Lale Devri \u015fairi Nedim\u0092dir.<\/p>\n
55. Mersiye, Divan edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir kimsenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden duyulan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc dile getiren \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
56. Hicviye, Divan edebiyat\u0131nda herhangi bir ki\u015fiyi, olay\u0131, durumu yermek (ele\u015ftirmek) i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerdir. Hicvin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini Nef\u0092i vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
57. Allah\u0092\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birli\u011fini i\u015fleyen \u015fiirlere Divan edebiyat\u0131nda tevhit denir.<\/p>\n
58. M\u00fcnacat, Allah\u0092a yalvar\u0131\u015f, yakar\u0131\u015f \u015fiirleridir.<\/p>\n
59. Hz. Muhammed\u0092i \u00f6vmek ona olan sevgiyi anlatmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlere naat denir.<\/p>\n
60. Hz Muhammed\u0092in do\u011fumunu anlatan \u015fiirlere mevlid denir..<\/p>\n
61. Mevlid t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini S\u00fcleyman \u00c7elebi Vesilet\u00fc\u0092n-Necat adl\u0131 eseriyle vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
62. Sone naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda ilk kez Servet-i F\u00fcnun d\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
63. Dante\u0092nin \u0130lahi Komedya adl\u0131 eseri terzarima naz\u0131m bi\u00e7iminin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rnekleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
64. Servet-i F\u00fcnun d\u00f6neminde m\u00fcstezat serbestle\u015ftirilerek serbest m\u00fcstezat ad\u0131nda yeni bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
65. Serbest m\u00fcstezat, aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn klasik kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imidir. Serbest m\u00fcstezatta ayn\u0131 \u015fiirde birden \u00e7ok aruz kal\u0131b\u0131 bir arada bulunur.<\/p>\n
66. Serbest m\u00fcstezat\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini Tevfik Fikret, Cenap \u015eahabettin ve Ahmet Ha\u015fim vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
67. \u0130nsan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131n konu\u015fturulmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 olan s\u00f6z sanat\u0131na \u0130ntak (Konu\u015fturma) denir.
\n68. \u0130ntak sanat\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu her yerde \u0093te\u015fhis\u0094 de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
69. \u015eiirde sat\u0131r ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki harflerle yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 anlaml\u0131 kelimeler olu\u015fturma sanat\u0131na \u0093akrosti\u015f\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
70. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda ilk makaleyi \u0093\u015einas\u0131\u0094 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makale \u0093Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Ahval\u0094 gazetesinde \u0093Mukaddime\u0094 ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
71. F\u0131kra t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fini Ahmet Rasim vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
72. F\u0131kra ile makale aras\u0131ndaki temel fark f\u0131kran\u0131n bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi kan\u0131tlama amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k makalenin kan\u0131tlama amac\u0131 g\u00fctmesidir.<\/p>\n
73. Deneme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Frans\u0131z yazar Montaigne\u0092dir. Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda ise en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 denemeci Nurullah Ata\u00e7\u0092t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
74. Sohbet (s\u00f6yleyi\u015fi) t\u00fcr\u00fcyle deneme t\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki temel fark \u015fudur : Sohbet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde yazar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakiyle konu\u015fuyormu\u015f gibi (senli benli anlat\u0131m) yazar.Deneme t\u00fcr\u00fcnde yazar kendiyle konu\u015fuyormu\u015f gibi (benli anlat\u0131m) yazar.<\/p>\n
75. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda an\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak Bab\u00fcr\u015fah\u0092\u0131n Bab\u00fcrname adl\u0131 eseri kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
76. Seydi Ali Reis\u0092in Mirat\u0092\u00fcl \u0096 Memalik adl\u0131 eseri ilk gezi (seyahatname) eserlerimizdir.<\/p>\n
77. Biyografi t\u00fcr\u00fcyle benzerlik g\u00f6steren eserlere divan edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093tezkire\u0094 denir. Ayr\u0131ca peygamberlerin ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatanlara \u0093siyer\u0094 denir.<\/p>\n
78. \u0130lk tezkireyi 15.y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7a\u011fatay edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairi Ali \u015eir Nevai Mecalis\u00fc\u0092n Nefais ad\u0131yla yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
79. Otobiyografiyle biyografi aras\u0131ndaki fark; otobiyografide yazar, kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken; biyografide yazar, ba\u015fka birini hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
80. Fuzuli\u0092nin \u015eikayetname adl\u0131 d\u00fczyaz\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi, edebi mektup t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek anlamda ilk \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n
81. Mektup t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak roman yazma tekni\u011fini ilk kez H\u00fcseyin Rahmi \u0093Mutallaka\u0094 adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda denemi\u015ftir. Halide Edip Ad\u0131var\u0092\u0131n \u0093Handan\u0094 adl\u0131 roman\u0131 da mektuplardan olu\u015fur.
\n82. Masallarda \u0093Bir varm\u0131\u015f bir yokmu\u015f.\u0094 diye ba\u015flayan b\u00f6l\u00fcme d\u00f6\u015feme ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
83. Hayvanlar\u0131 konu\u015fturma sanat\u0131na fabl denir.<\/p>\n
84. Fabl\u0131n bilinen en eski \u00f6rne\u011fi Hint edebiyat\u0131nda Pan\u00e7antahtra (Arap\u00e7a \u00e7evirisi Kelile ve Dimne); eski Yunan edebiyat\u0131nda ise Aisopos masallar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
85. Bat\u0131\u0092da La Fontaine fabl t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
86. Olay\u0131n hikayesinin kurucusu Frans\u0131z Guy de Maupassant\u0092t\u0131r. Bizim edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda da olay hikayesinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck temsilcisi \u00d6mer Seyfettin\u0092dir.<\/p>\n
87. Durum hikayesinin d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131ndaki kurucusu Anton \u00c7ehov\u0092dur. Bizim edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda durum hikayesinin en \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r; Sait Faik Abas\u0131yan\u0131k, Memduh \u015eevket Esendal\u0085<\/p>\n
88. Hikaye (\u00f6yk\u00fc) t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131ndaki ilk \u00f6rneklerini \u0130talyan yazar Boccacio\u0092 \u0093Decameron\u0094 \u00f6yk\u00fcleri ile vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
89. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinleri G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. (Orhun Abideleri)<\/p>\n
90. Dede Korkut Hikayeleri desten gelene\u011finden halk \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
91. Hikaye t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda ilk sa\u011flam ve g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fi Samipa\u015fazade Sezai\u0092nin \u0093K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015eeyler\u0094 adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
92. T\u00f6re roman\u0131 gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleri anlatan romanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
93. Egzotik roman, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin do\u011fa ve insanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan roman t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n94. Tezli roman belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi savunan romand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
95. Monolog, ki\u015finin kendi kendisiyle konu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
96. Diyalog ki\u015filerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
97. Cervantes\u0092in Don Ki\u015fot adl\u0131 eseri d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan ilk romand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
98. \u0130lk \u00e7eviri roman\u0131m\u0131z, Yusuf Kamil Pa\u015fa\u0092n\u0131n 1859\u0092da Fenelon\u0092dan \u00e7evirdi\u011fi Telemaque ( Telemak) adl\u0131 romand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
99. \u0130lk yerli roman, \u015eemsettin Sami\u0092nin \u0093Taa\u015f\u015fuk-\u0131 Talat ve Fitnat\u0094 adl\u0131 eseridir.<\/p>\n
100. \u0130lk edebi roman\u0131m\u0131z Nam\u0131k Kemal\u0092in \u0093\u0130ntibah\u0094 adl\u0131 eseridir.<\/p>\n
101. \u0130lk ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i (realist) roman Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem\u0092in \u0093Araba Sevdas\u0131\u0094d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
102. Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda ilk edebi, kusursuz ve realist romanlar, Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil\u0092in \u0093Mai ve Siyah\u0094 ve \u0093A\u015fk-\u0131 Memnu\u0094 adl\u0131 romanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
103. \u0130lk psikolojik roman, Mehmet Rauf\u0092un \u0093Eyl\u00fcl\u0094 adl\u0131 roman\u0131d\u0131r. En ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 psikolojik roman\u0131m\u0131z, Peyami Safa\u0092n\u0131n \u00939.Hariciye Ko\u011fu\u015fu\u0094dur.<\/p>\n
104. \u0130lk Tezli Roman Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu\u0092nun \u0093Yaban\u0094 adl\u0131 eseridir.<\/p>\n
105. \u0130lk k\u00f6y roman\u0131, Nabizade Naz\u0131m\u0092\u0131n \u0093Karabibik\u0094 roman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
106. \u0130lk tarihi roman Nam\u0131k Kemal\u0092in \u0093Cezmi\u0094 roman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
107. Antik tiyatronun iki t\u00fcr\u00fc olan trajedi ve komedinin kayna\u011f\u0131 Ba\u011f Bozumu Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionysos ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan t\u00f6renlerdir.<\/p>\n
108. Ya\u015fam\u0131n ac\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc kurallarla sahnede yans\u0131tmak; ahlak, erdem \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manzum tiyatro eserine trajedi denir.<\/p>\n
109. \u0130zleyiciyi g\u00fcld\u00fcren, e\u011flendiren ve e\u011flendirirken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcne komedi denir.<\/p>\n
110. Abart\u0131l\u0131 hareketlerle sivri esprilerle g\u00fcld\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7layan komedilere fars(kaba g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc), ger\u00e7ekte g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan bir olay\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7le\u015ftirerek i\u015fleyen komedilere parodi yergiye dayanan komedilere satir, bir ki\u015finin karakterini ortaya koymak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan komedilere karakter komedisi denir.<\/p>\n
111. T\u00f6re komedisi, toplumun g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 ve aksak yanlar\u0131n\u0131 konu alan komedidir. Moliere\u0092in G\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 Kibarlar, Gogol\u0092un M\u00fcfetti\u015f \u015einasi\u0092nin \u015eair Evlenmesi adl\u0131 eseri t\u00f6re komedisidir.<\/p>\n
112. Ya\u015fam\u0131n ac\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 y\u00f6nlerini bir arada yans\u0131tan tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcne dram denir.<\/p>\n
113. Shakespeare, klasik tiyatronun zaman ve yer birli\u011fi kurallar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ac\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olaylar\u0131 sahnede i\u00e7 i\u00e7e vererek dram\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerini vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
114. Frans\u0131z romantiklerinden Victor Hugo \u0093Cromwell\u0094 adl\u0131 eserinin \u00f6n s\u00f6z\u00fcnde dram\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n
115. Epik tiyatro Bertolt Brecht taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
116. Epik tiyatroda seyircinin ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam\u0131ndan kopup kendini oyuna kapt\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir. Bunun i\u00e7in, olaylar aras\u0131nda ama\u00e7l\u0131 kopukluklar yarat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
117. T\u00fcrk tiyatrosunda Haldun Taner, \u0093Ke\u015fanl\u0131 Ali Destan\u0131\u0094 adl\u0131 eseri ile epik tiyatro \u00f6rne\u011fi vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
118. T\u00fcrk tiyatrosunda, bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda ilk eser, \u015einasi\u0092nin Tanzimat d\u00f6neminde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0093\u015eair Evlenmesi\u0094 adl\u0131 bir perdelik komedidir.<\/p>\n
119. Sahnelenen ilk tiyatro ise Nam\u0131k Kemal\u0092in \u0093Vatan Yahut Silistre\u0094 adl\u0131 eseridir.<\/p>\n
120. Ortaoyununun en \u00f6nemli iki ki\u015fisi Kavuklu ve Pi\u015fekar\u0092d\u0131r. Kavuklu, Karag\u00f6z oyunundaki Karag\u00f6z\u0092\u00fcn, Pi\u015fekar da Hacivat\u0092\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
121. Orta oyununda kad\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayan ve kad\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girmi\u015f erke\u011fe zenne denir.<\/p>\n
122. Meddahl\u0131k i\u00e7in tek ki\u015filik tiyatro diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
123. Karag\u00f6z ve Ortaoyunun Meddah oyunu ile fark\u0131; Meddah oyunun tek ki\u015filik g\u00f6steri olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
124. Ko\u015fuklar\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerine Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut\u0092un Divan-\u0131 L\u00fcgati\u0092t T\u00fcrk adl\u0131 eserinde rastl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
125. \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesindeki sagu; Halk edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093a\u011f\u0131t\u0094, Divan edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093mersiye\u0094 ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.
\n126. \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesindeki Sav; Halk edebiyat\u0131nda \u0093atas\u00f6z\u00fc\u0094 Divan edebiyat\u0131nda ise \u0093Darb-\u0131 mesel\u0094 ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
127. \u0130lk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Devleti Karahanl\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
128. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n \u0093Manas Destan\u0131\u0094 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun destan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
129. D\u00fcnya Destanlar\u0131;<\/p>\n
1-\u015eehname: \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n destan\u0131 olup \u0093Firdevsi\u0094 tasar\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.
\n2-Mahabarata, Ramayana: Hintlilerin do\u011fal destanlar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3-\u015einto: Japonlar\u0131n do\u011fal destan\u0131d\u0131r.
\n4-Kalevela: Finlilerin do\u011fal destan\u0131d\u0131r.
\n5-\u0130lyada ve Odysseia: Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fal destan\u0131 olup \u0093Homeros\u0094 yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.
\n6-\u0130gor: Ruslar\u0131n do\u011fal destan\u0131d\u0131r. Destanda K\u0131p\u00e7aklar ile Ruslar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n7-Nibelungen : Almanlar\u0131n bu do\u011fal destan\u0131nda Hun-Germen sava\u015flar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n8-Cihanson de Roland: Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n bu do\u011fal destanlar\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar anlat\u0131l\u0131r.
\n9-Anaid: Latinlerin do\u011fal destan\u0131 olup \u0093Virgillus\u0094 yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.
\n10-G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f:S\u00fcmerlerin do\u011fal destan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yapma (Suni) Destanlar:
\n1-Aeneis:Vergillus (Latin edebiyat\u0131)
\n2-Henriad: Voltaire (Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131)
\n3-Oslusi\u00e7das: Camoens (Portekiz edebiyat\u0131)
\n4-Kaybolmu\u015f Cennet: Milton (\u0130ngiliz edebiyat\u0131)
\n5-Kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kud\u00fcs:Tasso (\u0130talyan edebiyat\u0131)
\n6-\u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n Orlando: Ariosto (\u0130talyan edebiyat\u0131)
\n7-\u0130lahi Komedya: Dante (\u0130talyan edebiyat\u0131)
\n8-\u00c7anakkale \u015eehitlerine: M.Akif Ersoy (T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131)
\n9-\u00dc\u00e7 \u015eehitler Destan\u0131: F.H\u00fcsn\u00fc Da\u011flarca (T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131)
\n10-Sel\u00e7uk Name: Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Mehmet<\/p>\n
130. T\u00fcrkler s\u0131ras\u0131yla; G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, Uygur, Arap ve Latin alfabesini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/p>\n
131. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ilk \u015fiirleri Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle eser vermi\u015f olan Apr\u0131n\u00e7ur Tigin\u0092e aittir. Di\u011fer bir deyimle Apr\u0131n\u00e7ur Tigin bilinen ilk \u015fairimizdir.<\/p>\n
132. Orhun Kitabeleri\u0092nin yazarlar\u0131 Vezir Bilge Tonyukuk ve Yollug Tigin\u0092dir.<\/p>\n
133. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 ( Orhun Kitabeleri) \u0130lk kez Danimarkal\u0131 bilgin Thomsen taraf\u0131ndan okunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
134. Uygur Alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan \u00f6nemli iki eser \u0093Altun Yaruk\u0094 ve \u0093Sekiz Y\u00fckmek\u0094 adl\u0131 eserlerdir.<\/p>\n
135. \u0130slamiyet etkisinde yaz\u0131lan ilk eserimiz \u0093Kutadgu Bilig\u0094 Yusuf Has Hacip taraf\u0131ndan 1070\u0092te kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
136. \u0093Kutadgu Bilig\u0094 T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan ilk eserdir.
\n137. \u0093Kutadgu Bilig\u0094 Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ilk mesnevisidir.<\/p>\n
138. Divan-\u0131 L\u00fcgati\u0092t T\u00fcrk, Araplara T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi \u00f6\u011fretmek ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin zengin bir dil oldu\u011funa \u0131spatlamak amac\u0131yla \u0093Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut\u0094 taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
139. Divan-\u0131 L\u00fcgati\u0092t T\u00fcrk, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin ilk s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve dilbilgisi kitab\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
140. Atabet\u0092\u00fcl Hakay\u0131k \u0094Ger\u00e7eklerin E\u015fi\u011fi\u0094 anlam\u0131na gelen eser, 12.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Edip Ahmet Y\u00fckneki taraf\u0131ndan Hakaniye leh\u00e7esi ile kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eser aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ve mesnevi naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
141. Divan-\u0131 Hikmet, 12.y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrk tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 Hoca Ahmet Yesevi taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0094Hikmet\u0094, Ahmet Yesevi\u0092nin \u015fiirlerine verdi\u011fi isimdir. Naz\u0131m birimi d\u00f6rtl\u00fck olan eser, ko\u015fma naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi ve hece vezniyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
142. Halk \u015fairlerinin hayat hikayeleri ve \u015fiirleri \u0093C\u00f6nk\u0094 ad\u0131 verilen eserlerde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
143. Divan edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dili ; Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fan Osmanl\u0131cad\u0131r. \u015eiirlerde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olarak da \u0093aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc\u0094 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
144. Sinan Pa\u015fa\u0092n\u0131n \u0093Tazarruname\u0092si\u0094 s\u00fcsl\u00fc nesrin en \u00f6nemlisidir.<\/p>\n
145. Hikemi (Didaktik) \u015eiir Ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc temsilcisi Nabi\u0092dir. Bu y\u00fczden Hikemi \u015fiir ak\u0131m\u0131, \u0093Nabi ekol\u00fc\u0094 olarak da bilinir.<\/p>\n
146. Mahallile\u015fme ak\u0131m\u0131, halk s\u00f6yleyi\u015fi ile divan tarz\u0131 s\u00f6yleyi\u015finin birle\u015fiminden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bu ak\u0131m\u0131n en etkili \u00f6rnekleri 18.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Nedim\u0092le verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
147. Hoca Dehhani , Divan \u015fiirinin bilinen ilk \u015fairidir.<\/p>\n
148. \u00c7arhname, Dini-ahlaki \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerin verildi\u011fi didaktik bir manzumedir.(Ahmed Fakih)<\/p>\n
149. Mevlana manzum ve mensur eserlerini Fars\u00e7a yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun Arap\u00e7a gazelleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
150. Makalat, Tasavvufi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu eser Arap\u00e7a kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015fi)
\n151. Yunus Emre Tasavvuf edebiyat\u0131ndaki \u0093ilahi\u0094naz\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli ustas\u0131d\u0131r. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131 UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan \u0093Yunus Emre Sevgi Y\u0131l\u0131\u0094 olarak ilan edilmi\u015f Yunus Emre\u0092nin Risaletin Nushiye adl\u0131 eseri mesnevi naz\u0131m \u015fekli ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
152. Mant\u0131ku\u0092t- Tayr, G\u00fcl\u015fehri taraf\u0131ndan \u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130ranl\u0131 mutasavv\u0131f Fer\u00fcdiddin Attar\u0092\u0131n ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan eserinden \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
153. A\u015f\u0131k Pa\u015fa , en \u00f6nemli eseri olan \u0093Garipname\u0094de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00f6nem verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015f, eserini bilin\u00e7li olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
154. Ahmedi\u0092nin \u0130skendername ve Cem\u015fid\u0092\u00fc Hur\u015fit olmak \u00fczere iki \u00f6nemli eseri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
155. Azeri sahas\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131 Nesimi, Hurufilik mezhebinin \u00f6nc\u00fcllerindendir. O, Halep\u0092te inanc\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden derisi y\u00fcz\u00fclerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
156. Kad\u0131 Burhanettin, kad\u0131l\u0131k, vezirlik h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f; alim ve \u015fair bir devlet adam\u0131d\u0131r. O, Divan edebiyat\u0131nda T\u00fcrk naz\u0131m \u015fekillerinden olan \u0093tuyu\u011f\u0094un ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
157. Kitab-\u0131 Dede Korkut (Dede Korkut Hikayeleri), Destan gelene\u011finden halk hikayesine ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan bu eser, bir \u00f6ns\u00f6z ve on iki hikayeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
158. Ali \u015eir Nevai, Muhakemet\u0092 \u00fcl L\u00fcgateyn adl\u0131 eserinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Fars\u00e7adan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur. Mecalis\u00fcn Nefais adl\u0131 eseri ise T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen ilk \u015fairler tezkiresidir.<\/p>\n
159. \u015eeyhi\u0092nin Harname adl\u0131 eseri mesnevi naz\u0131m \u015fekliyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup Divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli hiciv \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
160. S\u00fcleyman \u00c7elebi, Divan edebiyat\u0131ndaki yerini \u0093Vesilet\u00fcn Necat\u0094 adl\u0131 mevlidiye alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun bu eseriyle edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda \u0093mevlit\u0094 yazma \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
161. Avni mahlas\u0131yla \u015fiirler yazan, Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u0092tir.<\/p>\n
162. Adli mahlas\u0131yla \u015fiirler yazan, 8. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 2.Beyaz\u0131t\u0092tir.<\/p>\n
163. Mercimek Ahmet \u0091in en \u00f6nemli eseri \u0093Kabusname\u0094dir.
\n164. Fuzuli, \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131n insan ruhunu olgunla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0131st\u0131raplar\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015fk \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek, \u015fiirlerini a\u015fk ac\u0131s\u0131yla dile getirmi\u015ftir.
\nEserleri:
\n-Su Kasidesi: Hz Peygamber\u0092e olan sevgisini dile getirdi\u011fi \u015fiiridir.
\n-\u015eikayetname: T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli edebi mektuplardan biridir.<\/p>\n
165. Baki, Anadolu ve Rumeli kazaskerlerinde bulunmu\u015f, \u00e7ok istedi\u011fi halde \u015feyh\u00fclislam olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0093Sultanu\u015f \u015euara\u0094 unvan\u0131yla bilinmi\u015ftir. Kanuni Mersiyesi, Kanuni\u0092 nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine terkib-i bent bi\u00e7iminde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eseridir.<\/p>\n
166. Muhubbi mahlas\u0131yla \u015fiirler yazan, Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u0092d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
167. Bab\u00fcr\u015fah, 16.y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7a\u011fatay sahas\u0131nda eser veren \u00f6nemli isimlerden biridir. Onun \u0093Bab\u00fcrname\u0094 adl\u0131 eseri, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131 (hat\u0131ra) t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki ilk \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n
168. Nefi, \u00f6nemli bir \u0093kasideve hiciv\u0094 \u015fairidir. D\u00f6neminin devlet adamalar\u0131n\u0131 sert bir \u015fekilde hicveden sanat\u00e7\u0131, Bayram Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan bo\u011fdurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Siham-\u0131 Kaza, T\u00fcrk hiciv edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli eserlerindendir.<\/p>\n
169. 17.y\u00fczy\u0131l Divan edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck didaktik \u015fairi Nabi\u0092dir. O \u0093Hikemi tarz\u0131\u0094 yani \u0093hikmetli ve \u00f6\u011fretici\u0094 \u015fiir gelene\u011fini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0093Nabi Ekol\u00fc\u0094 olarak bilinen bir ak\u0131m\u0131n kurucusudur.
\nEserleri: Hayriyye Hayrabat, Surname, Tuhfet\u00fclHarameyn, M\u00fcn\u015feat\u0085<\/p>\n
170. Naili ve Ne\u015fati, Sebk-i Hindi\u0092nin edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 temsilcilerindendir.<\/p>\n
171. A\u015f\u0131k \u00d6mer ve Gevheri Halk edebiyat\u0131 \u015fairlerinden olup Divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
172. 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Halk edebiyat\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Kul Mustafa Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u0092ndan yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Gen\u00e7 Osman Destan\u0131 onun en \u00f6nemli eseridir.<\/p>\n
173. Katip \u00c7elebi Eserleri: Cihann\u00fcma, Fezleke, Ke\u015ff\u00fc\u0092z\u00fcnun, Mizahul Hak.<\/p>\n
174. Evliya \u00c7elebi\u0092nin \u0093Seyahatname\u0094 adl\u0131 eseri edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zdaki en \u00f6nemli gezi yaz\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n175. Lale Devri d\u00f6nemi olarak bilinen zevk ve e\u011flence i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 18.y\u00fczy\u0131l edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Nedim ne\u015fe ve co\u015fku \u015fairidir. \u015eiirlerinde tamamen din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konular\u0131 i\u015fleyen Nedim \u0093\u015fark\u0131\u0094 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bulucusudur.<\/p>\n
176. 18.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Halk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle Divan \u015fiirine \u0093\u015fark\u0131\u0094 naz\u0131m \u015fekli girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
177. Divan edebiyat\u0131nda \u015eeyh Galip ve Nedim gibi \u00f6nemli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar da hece vezniyle \u015fiirler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
178. Divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairi \u0093\u015eeyh Galip\u0094tir. \u015eeyh Galip\u0092in \u015fiirlerinde Sebk-i Hindi ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eeyh Galip\u0092 in en \u00f6nemli eseri \u0093H\u00fcsn-\u00fc A\u015fk\u0094 t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
179. Dadalo\u011flu, Toroslarda ya\u015fayan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe Av\u015far boyu T\u00fcrkmenlerindendir. Bu boy devlet taraf\u0131ndan yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7irilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Dadalo\u011flu da buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak bu olaylar \u00fczerine \u015fiirler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
180. Bayburtlu Zihni\u0092nin en \u00f6nemli eseri\u0093Serg\u00fcze\u015ftname\u0094 dir.<\/p>\n
181. S\u00fcmmani, Hayali sevgilisi G\u00fclperi\u0092yi bulmak i\u00e7in Uzakdo\u011fu \u00fclkelerini gezmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sevgili \u00f6\u011frenciler, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da gerek deneme s\u0131navlar\u0131nda gerek yaz\u0131l\u0131larda gerekse merkezi s\u0131navlarda en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bilgileri derledim. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tek bir tane bile gereksiz, ayr\u0131nt\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Normal ders kitaplar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra bu alt\u0131n bilgileri s\u0131nav \u00f6ncesinde dikkatle okuman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ediyorum. Yusuf Kenan DURMUsOgLU 1. Mensur \u015fiirin ilk \u00f6rneklerini Servet-i F\u00fcnun d\u00f6neminin en \u00f6nemli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13029],"tags":[14001,14002],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39770"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39770\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}