KARADEN\u0130Z B\u00d6LGES\u0130<\/p>\n
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1. Konumu ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lge, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuzeyindedir. \u0130smini kuzeyindeki Karadeniz\u2019den al\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, do\u011fuda G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, bat\u0131da Sakarya Ovas\u0131 ile Bilecik\u2019in do\u011fusunda kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn % 18’ine sahip olan b\u00f6lge, bu oranla y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Do\u011fu – bat\u0131 istikametinde en uzun olan b\u00f6lgemizdir. B\u00f6lge, bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131k 1400 km lik uzunlu\u011fa, kuzey – g\u00fcney istikametinde ise 100 – 200 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen geni\u015fli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lge, Do\u011fu Karadeniz, Orta Karadeniz ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 co\u011frafi b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelir.<\/p>\n
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2. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015eekilleri<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgede, \u00e7e\u015fitli jeolojik zamanlara ait araziler bulunmakla birlikte, daha \u00e7ok III. jeolojik zamanda olu\u015fmu\u015f araziler yer al\u0131r. Da\u011flar k\u0131y\u0131ya paralel uzan\u0131r. Bu da\u011flara Karadeniz Da\u011flar\u0131 ya da Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 ve i\u00e7 s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki s\u0131rada\u011f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hatt\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Da\u011flar, Bat\u0131 Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 m. y\u00fckseltiye sahiptir. Orta Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde y\u00fckselti azalarak 1000 m.ye iner. Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde ise y\u00fckselti artarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 m.ye \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgede, ovalar \u00e7ok az yer kaplar ve genellikle Orta Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u015famba ve Bafra ovalar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ovalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli akarsular\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak, Sakarya, \u00c7oruh, Bart\u0131n ve Yenice (Filyos) dir. Yer\u015fekillerinin \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeni ile, g\u00f6llerin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Sera, Tortum, Uzung\u00f6l, Yedig\u00f6ller ve Abant b\u00f6lgenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6lleridir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u00fcksek da\u011f zirvelerinde ise buzul (sirk) g\u00f6lleri bulunur.<\/p>\n
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Yer\u015fekillerinin \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeni ile ula\u015f\u0131m k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 kesimlerle olan ba\u011flant\u0131 Kalkanl\u0131 (Zigana) ve Kop gibi \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7itlerle sa\u011flan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, b\u00f6lgedeki da\u011flar denize paralel uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, k\u0131y\u0131larda boyuna k\u0131y\u0131 tipi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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3. \u0130klim<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgenin k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde Karadeniz iklimi etkilidir. Her mevsim ya\u011f\u0131\u015f almas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bulutlu g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ile y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. (Giresun 1268 mm, Rize 2400 mm.)<\/p>\n
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Bunun yan\u0131nda, Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Trabzon\u2019da ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 daha azd\u0131r. (833 mm)<\/p>\n
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Orta Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 600 – 1200 mm. aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. (Samsun 650 mm, Ordu 1146 mm) Bat\u0131 Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ise, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f 1000 mm. nin \u00fczerindedir. (Zonguldak 1220 mm, Bart\u0131n 1196 mm)<\/p>\n
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K\u0131y\u0131dan itibaren duvar gibi y\u00fckselen da\u011flar, Karadeniz \u00fczerinden gelen nemli hava k\u00fctlelerinin da\u011flar\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f b\u0131rakmalar\u0131na, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara da kuru olarak ge\u00e7melerine neden olur. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 g\u00fcneye gidildik\u00e7e azal\u0131r ve Karadeniz iklimi yerini karasal iklime b\u0131rak\u0131r. B\u00f6lgelerin i\u00e7 kesimlerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131ya nazaran daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgede her mevsim etkili, so\u011fuk karakterli poyraz kuzeydo\u011fudan, karayel ise kuzeybat\u0131dan yer yer \u015fiddetli olarak eser. \u015eiddetli estikleri d\u00f6nemlerde deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilerler.<\/p>\n
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4. Bitki \u00d6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p>\n
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Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, iklim tiplerinin \u00f6zelliklerini en iyi \u015fekilde yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, iki iklim tipinin etkili oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede, iki karakteristik bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r. Karadeniz iklim \u00f6zelliklerinin etkili oldu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ormanlar yayg\u0131nken, karasal iklim \u00f6zelliklerinin etkili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7 kesimlerde seyrek a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 ot topluluklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de % 25 ile orman oran\u0131n\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge Karadeniz\u2019dir. B\u00f6lgede nemlili\u011fin fazla olmas\u0131, ormanlar\u0131n yeti\u015fmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7ok az olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
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5. N\u00fcfus ve Yerle\u015fme<\/p>\n
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Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi, 2000 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, 8,5 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. Bu miktar, b\u00f6lge y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile oranland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda km2 ye 57,7 ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015fer. B\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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1975 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeydi. \u015eimdi ise T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesinin nedeni, son yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r, b\u00f6lgeden di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere \u00f6zellikle Marmara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne olan g\u00f6\u00e7lerdir. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli nedeni, b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik faaliyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olu\u015fudur.<\/p>\n
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B\u00f6lgede n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 da d\u00fczenli de\u011fildir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm ve y\u00f6reler aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farklar vard\u0131r. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni, b\u00f6lgedeki yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin engebeli ve y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00fcfus daha \u00e7ok, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ve i\u00e7 kesimlerdeki ovalarda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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6. Ekonomik \u00d6zellikler<\/p>\n
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Tar\u0131m, k\u0131y\u0131 kesimindeki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alanlar ile i\u00e7 kesimlerdeki ovalarda yap\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede da\u011flar\u0131n geni\u015f yer kaplamas\u0131 ve arazinin engebeli olmas\u0131 makineli tar\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir. Daha \u00e7ok insan ve hayvan g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 emek yo\u011fun tar\u0131m yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde \u00e7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k, sebze, meyve ve m\u0131s\u0131r tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, i\u00e7 kesimlerde \u015fekerpancar\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Akarsu boylar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kesimlerinde ise \u00e7eltik tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminin tamam\u0131, f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin de % 80’den fazlas\u0131 Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne aittir. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi, nadasa ayr\u0131lan toprak oran\u0131n\u0131n en az oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir. B\u00f6lgede, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olu\u015fu ve sanayinin az geli\u015fmesi gibi nedenlerle k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridindeki b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgenin i\u00e7 kesimlerinde ise, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k al\u0131r. Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve k\u00fcmes hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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Maden kaynaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fazla zengin de\u011fildir. En \u00f6nemli yeralt\u0131 zenginli\u011fi ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bak\u0131rd\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcretiminin tamam\u0131, bak\u0131r\u0131n ise % 50 den fazlas\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeye aittir. End\u00fcstri istenilen d\u00fczeyde geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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Zonguldak, Karab\u00fck ve Samsun b\u00f6lgede en \u00e7ok sanayile\u015fmi\u015f illerdir. Demir – \u00e7elik, bak\u0131r, \u00e7imento, tu\u011fla, kiremit, kereste, konserve, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t, sigara, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u015fekerpancar\u0131, \u00e7ay ve f\u0131nd\u0131k i\u015fleyen fabrikalar b\u00f6lgedeki sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Sarp s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131 b\u00f6lge ticaretini canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, bir\u00e7ok do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklere ve tarihi eserlere sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen turizm geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
KARADEN\u0130Z B\u00d6LGES\u0130 1. Konumu ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 B\u00f6lge, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuzeyindedir. \u0130smini kuzeyindeki Karadeniz\u2019den al\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, do\u011fuda G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, bat\u0131da Sakarya Ovas\u0131 ile Bilecik\u2019in do\u011fusunda kadar uzan\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn % 18’ine sahip olan b\u00f6lge, bu oranla y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Do\u011fu – bat\u0131 istikametinde en uzun olan b\u00f6lgemizdir. B\u00f6lge, bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23],"tags":[13867,13868,12911],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39562"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39562"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39562\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}