Osmanl\u0131lar, kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerini ve Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek ald\u0131lar. Ancak \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine paralel olarak devlet te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flettiler. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uzun s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesinin en \u00f6nemli nedeni iyi bir devlet y\u00f6netimine sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lardan \u00f6nce kurulan T\u00fcrk devletlerinde \u201c \u00fclke topraklar\u0131 hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131larda de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, \u201c\u00fclke topraklar\u0131 devletin mal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakim olmu\u015ftur. Bu da merkezi otoriteyi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lara s\u0131ras\u0131yla S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, Bilecik, Yeni\u015fehir, \u0130znik, Bursa, Edirne, \u0130stanbul \u015fehirleri ba\u015fkentlik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Padi\u015fah<\/strong><\/p>\n \u066dDevletin ba\u015f\u0131nda Osman Bey\u2019in soyundan gelen bir padi\u015fah bulunurdu. Padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u015eehzade denirdi. \u015eehzadeler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda \u201cLala\u201d denilen e\u011fitmenlerin yan\u0131nda sancaklara y\u00f6netici olarak g\u00f6nderilirlerdi. Sancaklarda devlet y\u00f6netimi, askerlik, ilmi y\u00f6nden yeti\u015ftirilirlerdi.<\/p>\n \u066dPadi\u015fahl\u0131k babadan o\u011fla ge\u00e7erdi. Fatih, taht kavgalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, karde\u015f katlini yasal hale getirdi. Karde\u015flerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini engellemek i\u00e7in I.Ahmet d\u00f6neminden sonra sanca\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasakland\u0131, ailenin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 usul\u00fc getirildi (Kafes Usul\u00fc veya Ekber ve Er\u015fed Sistemi)<\/p>\n Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun<\/strong><\/p>\n Divan Orhan Bey zaman\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Divan toplant\u0131lar\u0131 Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda Kubbe Alt\u0131 denilen yerde toplan\u0131rd\u0131. Divanda devlet i\u015fleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek karara ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Divan\u2019da \u015fikayet ve davalarda karara ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak son s\u00f6z yine padi\u015faha aitti. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc manada Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019na benzerdi.<\/p>\n Fatih d\u00f6nemine kadar Divan her g\u00fcn toplan\u0131rken, Fatih\u2019ten itibaren haftada d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn ve sadrazam ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Divan\u2019da al\u0131nan kararlar Arz Odas\u0131\u2019nda padi\u015faha bildirilirdi. II. Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerine Naz\u0131rl\u0131klar (Bakanl\u0131klar) kuruldu.<\/p>\n Divan\u2019\u0131n \u00dcyeleri ve G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/p>\n 1-Padi\u015fah:<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta divan\u2019a ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ederek Divan\u2019\u0131 y\u00f6netirdi. Ancak padi\u015fahlar Fatih\u2019ten itibaren Divan\u2019a kat\u0131lmay\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flar<\/p>\n 2-Sadrazam (Vezir-i Azam):\u00a0<\/strong>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda Ba\u015fbakan konumundad\u0131r. Padi\u015fahtan sonra en yetkili ki\u015fi ve en \u00fcst dereceli devlet memurudur. Padi\u015fah sefere \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem \u00fcnvan\u0131yla onun yerine sefere kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Padi\u015fah\u0131n m\u00fchr\u00fc sadrazamda bulunurdu.<\/p>\n 3-Vezirler:<\/strong>\u00a0Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda Devlet Bakanlar\u0131 konumunda idiler. Sadrazam\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 olup, onun verdi\u011fi i\u015fleri yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n 4-Defterdarlar:<\/strong>\u00a0Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda Maliye Bakan\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Maliye i\u015flerine bakarlar, gelir ve giderleri hesaplayarak y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7eyi haz\u0131rlarlard\u0131. Anadolu ve Rumeli Defterdar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n 5-Kazaskerler:\u00a0<\/strong>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda Milli E\u011fitim ve Adalet Bakanlar\u0131 konumunda idiler. Anadolu ve Rumeli Defterdar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. B\u00f6lgelerindeki kad\u0131lar\u0131n ve m\u00fcderrislerin atama, terfi ve g\u00f6revden alma i\u015flerine bakarlard\u0131. Divan\u2019da hukuki konulara bakarlar, ayr\u0131ca normal kad\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi kararlara itiraz edenlerin davalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar incelerdi.<\/p>\n 6-Ni\u015fanc\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Kanunlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilir, gerekti\u011finde Divan\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunurdu. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclke i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek, topraklar\u0131n dirliklere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmak, has-zeamet ve t\u0131mar defterlerini tutmak, padi\u015fah fermanlar\u0131na tu\u011fra \u00e7ekmek yine ni\u015fanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revidir.<\/p>\n 7-\u015eeyh\u00fclislam:\u00a0<\/strong>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Kanuni zaman\u0131nda Divan \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur. Divan\u2019da verilen kararlar\u0131n dine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onaylard\u0131. \u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi karara \u201cfetva\u201d denirdi.<\/p>\n 8-Kaptan-\u0131 Derya (Kaptan Pa\u015fa):<\/strong>\u00a0Deniz kuvvetleri komutan\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fckselme d\u00f6neminden itibaren Divan \u00fcyesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Osmanl\u0131lar, kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam devletlerini ve Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek ald\u0131lar. Ancak \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine paralel olarak devlet te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015flettiler. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uzun s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesinin en \u00f6nemli nedeni iyi bir devlet y\u00f6netimine sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lardan \u00f6nce kurulan T\u00fcrk devletlerinde \u201c \u00fclke topraklar\u0131 hanedan\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131larda de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[13802,13801],"class_list":["post-39482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-osmanli-devlet-yonetimi","tag-osmanlida-devlet-yonetimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39482\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u066dTahta \u00e7\u0131kan padi\u015fahlar, t\u00f6ren ile k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ku\u015fan\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu t\u00f6rene C\u00fclus T\u00f6reni denirdi. Tahta \u00e7\u0131kan padi\u015fah kendi ad\u0131na para bast\u0131r\u0131r ve hutbe okuturdu. Bunlar h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k alameti say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Padi\u015fah\u0131n koydu\u011fu kurallar kapsam\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere \u201cferman\u201d denirdi.
\n\u066dPadi\u015fahlar, Bey, Gazi, Han, Hakan, Sultan, H\u00fcnkar, Halife gibi s\u0131fatlar kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n\u066dPadi\u015fahlar geni\u015f yetkilere sahipti. Fakat onlar yetkilerini kanun ve t\u00f6relere uygun olarak kullan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n