H\u00dcCREDE MADDE ALI\u015eVER\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilenler :<\/p>\n
O2,CO2,CO,su,mineraller,glikoz,fruktoz,galaktoz,ya\u011f asidi,gliserol,a.asit,vitamin,alkol<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyenler :<\/p>\n
Protein,ya\u011f,karbonhidrat<\/p>\n
\u2022 4 yolla olur:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1) D\u0130F\u00dcZYON<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir maddenin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu (yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu) ortamdan az oldu\u011fu ortama (az yo\u011fun ortama) do\u011fru hareket etmesine denir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddeler dif\u00fczyona u\u011frar.Porlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck maddeler dif\u00fczyon yapamaz.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enerji harcanmaz.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z ortamda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.Canl\u0131l\u0131k delili de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Denge sa\u011flanana kadar devam eder ve durur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6RNEK : Odaya d\u00f6k\u00fclen kolonyan\u0131n her tarafa da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131.Akci\u011ferdeki oksijenin kana ge\u00e7mesi.\u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki glikozun kana ge\u00e7mesi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
D\u0130F\u00dcZYONU ETK\u0130LEYEN FAKT\u00d6RLER<\/p>\n
1) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck molek\u00fcller,b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllere g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7erler.<\/p>\n
2) N\u00f6tr molek\u00fcller iyonlara g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7er.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 da iyonik yap\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Negatif iyonlar biraz daha kolay ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
3) Ya\u011fda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddeler de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyenlere g\u00f6re daha kolay ge\u00e7er.(A,D,E,K vitaminleri)<\/p>\n
4) Ya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zen maddelerde kolay ge\u00e7er.(Alkol ve eter gibi.)<\/p>\n
5) Por say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 da artar.<\/p>\n
6) \u0130ki ortam aras\u0131ndaki yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7oksa dif\u00fczyonda o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
7) Ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla olan ortamlarda dif\u00fczyon h\u0131zl\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
D\u0130YAL\u0130Z : Suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 ge\u00e7irgen zardan dif\u00fczyonuna denir.B\u00f6brekleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan insanlarda suni olarak olu\u015fturulan bir ortamla kandaki \u00fcre temizlenir.<\/p>\n
2) OSMOZ<\/p>\n
\u2022 Suyun dif\u00fczyonudur.Suyun \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu yerden az oldu\u011fu yere ge\u00e7mesidir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
H\u0130PERTON\u0130K ORTAM(\u00c7OK YO\u011eUN ORTAM)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir h\u00fccre kendisinden daha yo\u011fun bir ortama konursa su kaybederek b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu olaya<\/p>\n
plazmoliz denir.\u00d6RNEK : Tuzlanan derinin su kaybederek b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
H\u0130POTON\u0130K ORTAM(AZ YO\u011eUN ORTAM)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir h\u00fccre kendisinden daha az yo\u011fun bir ortama konursa su alarak \u015fi\u015fer.Bu olaya deplazmoliz denir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde deplazmoliz devam ederse h\u00fccre \u015fi\u015fer ve turgor durumuna ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde deplazmoliz devam ederse h\u00fccre patlar.Buna hemoliz denir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0130ZOTON\u0130K ORTAM(DENGE ORTAM)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir h\u00fccre izotonik bir ortama konursa hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framaz.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
OSMAT\u0130K BASIN\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f maddenin h\u00fccre zar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.Yada (etki=tepkiye g\u00f6re)h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki suyun yo\u011funluk fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 h\u00fccre i\u00e7erisine girmek i\u00e7in zarlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f madde miktar\u0131 (h\u00fccrenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu) artt\u0131k\u00e7a osmatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar.<\/p>\n
TURGOR BASINCI<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki suyun h\u00fccre zar\u0131na (yada \u00e7epere) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kofullar taraf\u0131ndan ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Turgor \u00e7ok artarsa su giri\u015fi durur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Turgor, otsu bitki ve yapraklar\u0131n dik durmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Turgor, stomalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Turgor, baz\u0131 nasti(\u0131rgan\u0131m) hareketlerini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Suyun hareketi daima O.B’ \u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu yere do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n
3) AKT\u0130F TA\u015eIMA<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir maddenin az oldu\u011fu yerden \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu yere ge\u00e7mesidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddeler aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Sadece canl\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Denge yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 molek\u00fcller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00d6RNEK:\u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki glikozun kana ge\u00e7mesi.B\u00f6brekteki geri emilim.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
NOT 1 : H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir maddenin miktar\u0131 h\u00fccre i\u00e7i ile h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturuyorsa burada aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma var demektir.<\/p>\n
NOT 2 : S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131,molek\u00fcl\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n
4) ENDOS\u0130TOZ VE EKZOS\u0130TOZ<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki maddelerin olu\u015fturulan ceplerle i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na endositoz;yine ayn\u0131 yolla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131na ekzositoz denir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki kat\u0131 maddelerin i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na fagositoz;s\u0131v\u0131 maddelerin i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na pinositoz denir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
ENDOS\u0130TOZUN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131 azal\u0131r.H\u00fccrenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi artar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccreye al\u0131nan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck maddeler lizozomdaki ve besin kofulundaki h\u00fccre i\u00e7i enzimlerle par\u00e7alan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tek h\u00fccrelilerde ve akyuvarlar da \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131k delilidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Denge yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bitki h\u00fccrelerinde ve di\u011fer \u00e7eperi olan h\u00fccrelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
EKZOS\u0130TOZUN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enerji harcan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Enzim kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131 artar.H\u00fccrenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131k delilidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Denge yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bo\u015falt\u0131m kofulu ve golgi yard\u0131m\u0131yla at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bitki ve hayvan h\u00fccrelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
NOT 3 : Tatl\u0131 sularda ya\u015fayan bir h\u00fccrelilerde fazla suyu d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atan kontraktil koful<\/p>\n
bulunur.H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki fazla suyun nedeni suyun osmozla i\u00e7eri girmesidir.<\/p>\n
NOT 4 : Bir bitki h\u00fccresinin turgor durumuna ge\u00e7mesinde a)Ortam\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/p>\n
b)H\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki madde yo\u011funlu\u011fu c)\u00c7eperin sel\u00fclozdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 etkilidir.<\/p>\n
NOT 5 : Endositoz ve ekzositozda yo\u011funluk fark\u0131 yoktur.Ama aktif ta\u015f\u0131ma,dif\u00fczyon ve<\/p>\n
osmozda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u00dcCREDE MADDE ALI\u015eVER\u0130\u015e\u0130 \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir olayd\u0131r. \u2022 Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilenler : O2,CO2,CO,su,mineraller,glikoz,fruktoz,galaktoz,ya\u011f asidi,gliserol,a.asit,vitamin,alkol \u2022 H\u00fccre zar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7emeyenler : Protein,ya\u011f,karbonhidrat \u2022 4 yolla olur: 1) D\u0130F\u00dcZYON \u2022 Bir maddenin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu (yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu) ortamdan az oldu\u011fu ortama (az yo\u011fun ortama) do\u011fru hareket etmesine denir. \u2022 Porlardan ge\u00e7ebilecek … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[462,13699,12773],"class_list":["post-39362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biyoloji","tag-hucre","tag-hucrede-madde-alis-verisi","tag-madde"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39362"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39362\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}