{"id":39317,"date":"2012-12-06T23:44:28","date_gmt":"2012-12-06T21:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=39317"},"modified":"2012-12-06T23:44:28","modified_gmt":"2012-12-06T21:44:28","slug":"turkiye-su-kaynaklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiye-su-kaynaklari.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye Su Kaynaklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Nehirler ve G\u00f6ller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye de da\u011flarda bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6llerle birlikte 120den fazla do\u011fal g\u00f6l bulunmaktad\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en derin g\u00f6l olan ve y\u00fckseltisi 1 646 m olan Van G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn alan\u0131 3 712 km2 dir. \u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu&#8217;daki Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;d\u00fcr. Derin bir g\u00f6l olmayan Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn denizden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 925 m alan\u0131 ise 1 500 km2 dir. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de g\u00f6llerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca d\u00f6rt b\u00f6lge vard\u0131r: G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi (E\u011firdir, Burdur, Bey\u015fehir ve Ac\u0131g\u00f6l), G\u00fcney Marmara (Sapanca, \u0130znik, Ulubat, Ku\u015f G\u00f6lleri), Van G\u00f6l\u00fc ve \u00e7evresi, Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc ve \u00e7evresi. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki g\u00f6llerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi 30 mden fazlad\u0131r, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise sadece birka\u00e7 metre derinliktedir. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn derinli\u011fi 100 mden daha fazlad\u0131r. K\u00f6yce\u011fiz G\u00f6l\u00fc gibi denizle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan g\u00f6ller az tuzludur. Do\u011fal g\u00f6ller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiyede 673 kadar baraj g\u00f6l\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczey alan\u0131; Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131 817 km2, Keban Baraj\u0131 675 km2, Karakaya Baraj\u0131 268 km2, Hirfanl\u0131 Baraj\u0131 263 km2, Alt\u0131nkaya Baraj\u0131 118 km2, Kurtbo\u011faz\u0131 Baraj\u0131 6 km2 dir. T\u00fcrkiye g\u00f6llerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra akarsular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengin bir \u00fclkedir. Kaynaklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda olan bir\u00e7ok akarsu de\u011fi\u015fik denizlere d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Nehirler d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckleri denize g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Karadeniz&#8217;e; Sakarya, Filyos, K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak, \u00c7oruh \u0131rmaklar\u0131; Akdeniz&#8217;e; Asi, Seyhan, Ceyhan, Tarsus, Dalaman \u0131rmaklar\u0131; Ege Denizi&#8217;ne; B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes, Gediz ve Meri\u00e7 nehirleri; Marmara Denizi&#8217;ne; Susurluk\/Simav \u00c7ay\u0131, Biga \u00c7ay\u0131, G\u00f6nen \u00c7ay\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirleri Basra K\u00f6rfezi&#8217;nde, Aras ve Kura nehirleri ise Hazar Denizi&#8217;nde son bulur. K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak 1 355 km, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak 519 km, Ceyhan Irma\u011f\u0131 509 km, B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes 307 km, Susurluk Irma\u011f\u0131 321 km dir. Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar Dicle 523 km ve F\u0131rat Nehri 1 263 km dir. Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar Aras nehri 548 km uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Su Kaynaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiyede y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 643 mm olup, y\u0131lda ortalama 501 milyar m3 suya tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bu suyun 274 milyar m3 toprak ve su y\u00fczeyleri ile bitkilerden olan buharla\u015fmalar yoluyla atmosfere geri d\u00f6nmekte, 69 milyar m3 l\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 yeralt\u0131 suyunu beslemekte, 158 milyar m3 l\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ak\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7erek \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki akarsular vas\u0131tas\u0131yla denizlere ve kapal\u0131 havzalardaki g\u00f6llere bo\u015falmaktad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 suyunu besleyen 69 milyar m3 l\u00fck suyun 28 milyar m3 \u00fc p\u0131narlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yer\u00fcst\u00fc suyuna tekrar kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerden \u00fclkemize gelen y\u0131lda ortalama 7 milyar m3 su bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00fclkemizin br\u00fct yer\u00fcst\u00fc suyu potansiyeli 193 (158+28+7) milyar m3 olmaktad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 suyunu besleyen 41 (69-28) milyar m3 de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fclkemizin toplam yenilenebilir su potansiyeli br\u00fct 234 (193+41) milyar m3 olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknik ve ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik olarak t\u00fcketilebilecek yer\u00fcst\u00fc suyu potansiyeli yurt i\u00e7indeki akarsulardan 95 milyar m3, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerden yurdumuza gelen akarsulardan 3 milyar m3 olmak \u00fczere y\u0131lda ortalama toplam 98 milyar m3 t\u00fcr. 14 milyar m3 olarak belirlenen yeralt\u0131 suyu potansiyeli ile birlikte \u00fclkemizin t\u00fcketilebilir yer\u00fcst\u00fc ve yeralt\u0131 su potansiyeli y\u0131lda ortalama toplam 112 milyar m3 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Su kaynaklar\u0131 ile Su T\u00fcketiminin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu kez zannedildi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye su zengini bir \u00fclke de\u011fildir. Aksine gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmaz ise gelecekte su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken bir \u00fclke olacakt\u0131r. \u00dclkenin su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olacak etmenler \u015funlard\u0131r: Sorunlu co\u011frafya nedeniyle su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, su havzas\u0131na dayal\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmi\u015f su y\u00f6netimi uzun vadeli planlamas\u0131 yerine, k\u0131sa vadeli, b\u00f6lgesel, ayr\u0131 planlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla su kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ll\u0131k kullan\u0131labilir su miktar\u0131 1 600 m3 d\u00fcr. Di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ve d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131yla k\u0131yaslarsak, T\u00fcrkiye ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131labilir su miktar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan su azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken \u00fclkeler arars\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 5 000 m\u00b3 ve fazla su potansiyeli olan bir \u00fclke su zenginiolarak kabul edilir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in n\u00fcfusumuzun 100 milyon olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen kullan\u0131labilir su miktar\u0131n\u0131n 1 125 m3\/y\u0131l civar\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Mevcut b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131, su t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi ile su kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine olabilecek bask\u0131lar\u0131 tahmin etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm bu tahminler mevcut kaynaklar\u0131n hi\u00e7 tahrip edilmeden aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiyenin gelecek nesillerine sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve yeterli su b\u0131rakabilmesi i\u00e7in kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi korunup, ak\u0131lc\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nehirler ve G\u00f6ller T\u00fcrkiye de da\u011flarda bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6llerle birlikte 120den fazla do\u011fal g\u00f6l bulunmaktad\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en derin g\u00f6l olan ve y\u00fckseltisi 1 646 m olan Van G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn alan\u0131 3 712 km2 dir. \u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu&#8217;daki Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;d\u00fcr. Derin bir g\u00f6l olmayan Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn denizden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 925 m alan\u0131 ise 1 &#8230; <a title=\"T\u00fcrkiye Su Kaynaklar\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/turkiye-su-kaynaklari.html\" aria-label=\"More on T\u00fcrkiye Su Kaynaklar\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[13674],"class_list":["post-39317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","tag-su-kaynaklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39317"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39317\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}