KAYA\u00c7LAR(TA\u015eLAR)<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en d\u0131\u015fta yerkabu\u011fu, onun alt\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 haldeki manto ve onun alt\u0131nda da \u00e7ekirdek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Daha a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse;bir so\u011fan\u0131 d\u00fcnya olarak kabul edersek,so\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerkabu\u011fu,onun alt\u0131ndaki katman manto,onun alt\u0131ndaki kabuk ise \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.Bu katmanlardan her birine geosfer denmektedir.<\/p>\n
Nas\u0131l atomlar\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle h\u00fccre,h\u00fccrelerin birle\u015fmesi ile de organizma(canl\u0131) olu\u015fuyorsa ;elementlerin birle\u015fmesi ile mineral,minerallerin birle\u015fmesi ile de yerkabu\u011funu(Litosfer) olu\u015fturan kaya\u00e7lar olu\u015fur.Yani;<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
* Atom———H\u00fccre—-Organizma(canl\u0131)<\/p>\n
* Element—–Mineral—Kaya\u00e7(ta\u015f)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Elementlere \u00f6rnek:Alt\u0131n,g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f,fosfor,Uranyum,toryum\u2026\u2026..gibi.<\/p>\n
Minerallere \u00f6rnek:Bor mineralleri,silikatlar,talk\u2026\u2026.gibi.<\/p>\n
Kaya\u00e7lara \u00f6rnek:Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, granit,traverten, kalker\u2026\u2026\u2026gibi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 En diren\u00e7siz(Yumu\u015fak)mineral talk,en sert mineral elmast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ta\u015flar; yakacak temininde,s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda ,av aleti yap\u0131m\u0131nda,kap-ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131 gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ta\u015flar olu\u015fumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 ana gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1)P\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck(Kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131m-volkanik-magmatik)Kaya\u00e7lar<\/p>\n
2)Tortul (Sedimanter) kaya\u00e7lar<\/p>\n
3)Ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m (metamorfik) kaya\u00e7lar<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu teker teker inceleyelim:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1)P\u00dcSK\u00dcR\u00dcK(KATILA\u015eIM-VOLKAN\u0130K-MAGMAT\u0130K)KAYA\u00c7LAR<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Yerkabu\u011funun olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 volkanik olaylarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden organik kaya\u00e7lar hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u00f6keni volkaniktir.volkanik kaya\u00e7lar s\u0131cak ve s\u0131v\u0131 olan magmadan kaynaklanan lavlar\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131yla olu\u015fur.Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p so\u011fuyanlar\u0131na d\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck , yerkabu\u011funun belirli derinliklerinde so\u011fuyanlar\u0131na ise i\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar denir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 \u015eu halde volkanik kaya\u00e7lar olu\u015fumuna g\u00f6re iki t\u00fcre ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a)\u0130\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar(Derinlik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131)<\/p>\n
b)D\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar(Y\u00fczey kaya\u00e7lar\u0131)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
a)\u0130\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar(derinlik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131):Volkanik kayalar,genel olarak s\u0131cak bir hamur i\u00e7ersinde(ma\u011fma) \u00e7e\u015fitli minerallerin kristalle\u015fmesi \u015feklinde olu\u015ftuklar\u0131ndan,kristalli bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm arzederler.\u0130\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar yerkabu\u011fu i\u00e7ersinde yava\u015f yava\u015f so\u011fudu\u011fundan bu kristaller daha iridir.Bundan dolay\u0131 da bu kayalar sa\u011flam ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bu kayalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131;Granit,siyanit,gabro ve pirit\u2019tir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
b)D\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck kaya\u00e7lar(Y\u00fczey kaya\u00e7lar\u0131):Magmadan hareket eden lavlar\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak so\u011fumas\u0131yla olu\u015fan kaya\u00e7lard\u0131r.Y\u00fczeyde so\u011fuma daha \u00e7abuk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden bu kayalar yar\u0131 kristalli,yar\u0131 cams\u0131(kristalsiz) bir haldedir.Kristaller ise so\u011fuma \u00e7abuk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden dolay\u0131 i\u00e7 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flara oranla daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
\u2022 D\u0131\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck ta\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131;Bazalt,Andezit,S\u00fcngerta\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
Volkan t\u00fcf\u00fc ve Obsidyen\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2)TORTUL (SED\u0130MANTER) KAYA\u00c7LAR<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Tabiattaki mevcut kayalar\u0131n fiziksel(s\u0131cakl\u0131k etkisiyle) ve kimyasal (su ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k) yolla ayr\u0131\u015fma(\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme) ve ufalanmaya u\u011framas\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u00e7e\u015fitli boyuttaki malzemenin (kil, kum,mil,,\u00e7ak\u0131l\u2026..vs)ve eriyik (\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f) halde bulunan maddelerin d\u0131\u015f kuvvetlerce(akarsular,r\u00fczgarlar,buzullar,dalgalar\u2026 .vs) ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p,yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ukur sahalar\u0131 (Jeosenklinal) olan birikme ortamlar\u0131nda tortulanmas\u0131yla olu\u015furlar.Genellikle denizler,g\u00f6ller,akarsu boylar\u0131,\u00e7\u00f6ller ve kara i\u00e7lerindeki \u00e7ukur ortamlar tortulanma alanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Birikme ortam\u0131nda genellikle d\u00fczenli bir \u00e7\u00f6kelme meydana geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in tortul kayalar tabakal\u0131 bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tortul kayalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde fosillere(eski canl\u0131 ve bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131) \u00e7ok rastlanmaktad\u0131r.Bu bak\u0131mdan tortul ta\u015flar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimi ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6stermeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir.(Mesela bir kaya yap\u0131s\u0131nda mercan fosillerine rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ,<\/p>\n
mercan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamda ve zamanda ;s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fazla,suyun tuzlu ve temiz oldu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131l\u0131r.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mercanlar s\u0131cak ve berrak sularda ve s\u0131\u011f (derin olmayan) ortamlarda yani k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n yerlerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.)\u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130\u00e7Anadolu(Orta Anadolu)B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde,da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda midye fosillerine rastlanmaktad\u0131r.Bu durum bize Orta Anadolu\u2019nun ge\u00e7mi\u015fte deniz halinde oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r .<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Yandaki \u015fekilde; \u00f6nce derin deniz tabanlar\u0131nda malzemenin birikmesi daha sonra ise biriken malzemenin bas\u0131n\u00e7lara u\u011frayarak k\u0131vr\u0131lmas\u0131yla tortul tabakalardan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir toprak kesiti g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tortul kayalar kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerine ve olu\u015fumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n
a)Kimyasal tortul ta\u015flar b)Organik tortul ta\u015flar c)K\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131(Fiziksel-Mekanik) tortul ta\u015flar<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
a)Kimyasal tortul ta\u015flar: Deniz,g\u00f6l ve yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131nda erimi\u015f halde bulunan ve suyun b\u00fcnyesinde ta\u015f\u0131nan maddelerin belirli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda birikmesiyle meydana gelen kayalard\u0131r.Kimyasal tortullar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131;Kalker (kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131),Jips (Al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131) , Kayatuzu , Traverten ,dolomit,sark\u0131t ve dikit\u2019tir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
b)Organik tortul ta\u015flar: Canl\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla meydana<\/p>\n
gelen kayalard\u0131r.Tabiatta en az bulunan kaya t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.Ba\u015fl\u0131ca organik tortul kaya\u00e7lar;Mercan kalkerleri , ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc , linyit , turba , antrasit , asfalt,tebe\u015fir ve bitum\u2019dur.Bunlardan mercan kalkerleri genellikle hayvan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan,di\u011ferleri bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
c)K\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131(Fiziksel-Mekanik)Tortul ta\u015flar:Tabiattaki mevcut kayalardan<\/p>\n
d\u0131\u015f kuvvetler(Akarsular,R\u00fczgarlar,Buzullar,Dalgalar) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kopar\u0131lan da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k haldeki maddelerin (kum,\u00e7ak\u0131l.kil,mil)bir \u00e7imento maddesiyle kayna\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Genellikle akarsu yataklar\u0131,deltalar(K\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131) ,ta\u015fk\u0131n ovalar\u0131,da\u011f etekleri,deniz ve g\u00f6l kenarlar\u0131 ile s\u0131\u011f yerlerde bu kayalara rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bu kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r; Kilta\u015f\u0131 ,Marn ,Kumta\u015f\u0131(Gre) , Konglo-mera,Bre\u015f<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3)METAMORF\u0130K(BA\u015eKALA\u015eIM) KAYA\u00c7LAR<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Tabiatta bulunan p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck, tortul ve bir ba\u015fka metamorfik kayan\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131 ve \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerinden olu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n
Metamorfik kayalar \u015fu sebeplerle olu\u015furlar:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ma\u011fman\u0131n daha \u00f6nce var olan kaya\u00e7lar aras\u0131na sokularak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kayalar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131.Mesela mevcut kayalar \u00fczerine gelen yeni tortullar bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep olur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tektonik hareketlerle (yerkabu\u011fu hareketleri) meydana gelen da\u011f olu\u015fum ku\u015faklar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7la beraber s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda mevcut kayalar ezilir ve k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.B\u00f6ylelikle ba\u015fka kaya\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Mermer , Gnays, Kuvarsit,Fillad,\u015eist(Mika\u015fist),Elmas<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
NOT:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kalkerin ba\u015fkala\u015fmas\u0131yla mermer olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fkala\u015fmas\u0131yla elmas \u2018\u2019<\/p>\n
\u2022 Granitin ba\u015fkala\u015fmas\u0131yla gnays \u2018\u2019<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kumta\u015f\u0131(gre)n\u0131n ba\u015fkala\u015fmas\u0131yla Kuvarsit \u2018\u2019<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kilin ba\u015fkala\u015fmas\u0131yla \u015eist(Mika\u015fist)olu\u015fur<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
NOT: T\u00fcm kayalar\u0131n k\u00f6keni volkaniktir.Di\u011fer kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n hepsi volkanik kayalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irmi\u015f halidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
KAYA\u00c7LAR(TA\u015eLAR) D\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en d\u0131\u015fta yerkabu\u011fu, onun alt\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 haldeki manto ve onun alt\u0131nda da \u00e7ekirdek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Daha a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse;bir so\u011fan\u0131 d\u00fcnya olarak kabul edersek,so\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerkabu\u011fu,onun alt\u0131ndaki katman manto,onun alt\u0131ndaki kabuk ise \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.Bu katmanlardan her birine geosfer denmektedir. Nas\u0131l atomlar\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle h\u00fccre,h\u00fccrelerin birle\u015fmesi ile de organizma(canl\u0131) olu\u015fuyorsa ;elementlerin birle\u015fmesi … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1685,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23],"tags":[13393,13394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39005"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1685"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39005"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39005\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}