{"id":38808,"date":"2012-11-30T23:08:39","date_gmt":"2012-11-30T21:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=38808"},"modified":"2012-11-30T23:08:39","modified_gmt":"2012-11-30T21:08:39","slug":"ii-mehmet-donemi-fatih-sultan-mehmet-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ii-mehmet-donemi-fatih-sultan-mehmet-ozellikleri.html","title":{"rendered":"II. Mehmet D\u00f6nemi (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) \u00d6zellikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p (1453), sokulu Mehmet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n vefat\u0131 ile son bulan d\u00f6neme Y\u00fckselme<\/strong> D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> denir. Bu d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n en parlak zaman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fckselme Devri Padi\u015fahlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-<\/strong> II. Mehmet (1451-1481)<\/p>\n

2-<\/strong> II. Bayezit (1481-1512)<\/p>\n

3-<\/strong> I. Selim (1512-1520) (Yavuz)<\/p>\n

4-<\/strong> I. S\u00fcleyman (1520-1556) (Kanuni)<\/p>\n

5-<\/strong> II. Selim (1556-1574)<\/p>\n

6-<\/strong> III. Murat (1574-1595)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1-\u0130STANBUL\u2019UN FETH\u0130 (1453)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A- Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u263c \u0130stanbul\u2019un jeopolitik \u00f6nemi<\/p>\n

\u263c Bizans\u2019\u0131n\u00a0 Avrupa\u00a0\u00a0 Devletlerini\u00a0\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131ya\u00a0\u00a0 kar\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n

k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u263c Bizans\u2019\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 \u015fehzadeleri\u00a0 ve\u00a0\u00a0 Anadolu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Beyliklerini<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u263c Bizans\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozmas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u263c Hz. Muhammed\u2019in hadisi \u015ferifi<\/p>\n

B- Fetih \u0130\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2663 Rumelihisar\u0131 (Bo\u011fazkesen) yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2663 Surlar\u0131 y\u0131kabilecek toplar d\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u2663 400 par\u00e7al\u0131k donanma olu\u015fturuldu<\/p>\n

\u2663 Karamano\u011fullar\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fczerine\u00a0\u00a0 bir\u00a0\u00a0 ordu\u00a0 g\u00f6nderilerek<\/p>\n

gelebilecek tehlike \u00f6nlendi.<\/p>\n

\u2663 Avrupa dan gelecek yard\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Balkanlara kuvvet g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

\u2663\u00a0 \u0130stanbul civar\u0131ndaki Silivri ve Vize kaleleri al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yo\u011fun ku\u015fatma neticesinde 29 May\u0131s 1453\u2019te sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130stanbul fethedildi.<\/p>\n

C- Fethin T\u00fcrk Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u263a Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselme d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u263a \u0130stanbul Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti oldu<\/p>\n

\u263a Bo\u011fazlar ve bo\u011faz ticareti Osmanl\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\u263a II. Mehmet\u2019e Fatih \u00fcnvan\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

\u263a Osmanl\u0131 Devleti imparatorluk haline geldi.<\/p>\n

\u263a Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 Anadolu \u2013 Rumeli\u00a0 toprak\u00a0 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/p>\n

sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

D- Fethin D\u00fcnya Tarihi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2665\u00a0 Orta \u00c7a\u011f kapand\u0131, Yeni \u00c7a\u011f ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2665\u00a0 Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2665 Avrupa\u2019ya\u00a0\u00a0 giden\u00a0\u00a0 bilim\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 adamlar\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n<\/p>\n

ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

\u2665 Topun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc surlar\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Avrupal\u0131 krallar,<\/p>\n

feodaliteyi y\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u2665 \u0130pek yolu Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Avrupal\u0131lar yeni<\/p>\n

yollar\u00a0\u00a0 aramaya\u00a0\u00a0 ba\u015flad\u0131\u00a0\u00a0 buda\u00a0\u00a0 Co\u011frafi\u00a0 Ke\u015fiflere<\/p>\n

neden oldu.<\/p>\n

\u2665 Ortodoks\u00a0\u00a0 Patrikhanesi, \u00a0Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 koruyuculu\u011fu<\/p>\n

alt\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u00a0 devam\u00a0\u00a0 ettirdi.\u00a0\u00a0 Fatih\u00a0 bununla,<\/p>\n

Hristiyan\u00a0 birli\u011fini\u00a0 par\u00e7alamay\u0131,\u00a0 \u0130slam\u00a0 dininin ho\u015f<\/p>\n

g\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 anlatmay\u0131,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Balkanlardaki\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 fetihlerde<\/p>\n

Ortodokslar\u0131n deste\u011fini kazanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

2- ANADOLUDAK\u0130 FET\u0130HLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u263bCenevizlilerden Amasra al\u0131nd\u0131 (1459).<\/p>\n

\u263bCandaro\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sinop al\u0131nd\u0131 (1460).<\/p>\n

\u263bTrabzon Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa son verildi.<\/p>\n

\u263bKaramano\u011fullar\u0131ndan Konya ve Karaman al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u263bAkkoyunlu Devleti Sultan\u0131 Uzun Hasan ile Otlukbeli Sava\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 (1473). Sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Akkoyunlu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131lma d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 Devleti do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3- BALKANLARDAK\u0130 FET\u0130HLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0131rbistan (1459), Mora (1460), Eflak (1462), Bosna\u2013Hersek (1463-65), Bo\u011fdan (1476) ve Arnavutluk al\u0131narak Balkanlar\u2019\u0131n fethi tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Not: <\/strong>Bosna-Hersek halk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131ya ba\u011fland\u0131ktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul etti.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

4- DEN\u0130ZLERDEK\u0130 FAAL\u0130YETLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

a-E\u011fe adalar\u0131n\u0131n fethi: <\/strong>Limni, E\u011friboz, Ta\u015foz, Semadirek, \u0130mroz, Midilli adalar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

b-Yunan adalar\u0131n\u0131n fethi:<\/strong> Kefalonya, Ayamavra, Zanta adalar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

c-K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n fethi:<\/strong> Gedik Ahmet Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki donanma K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 Cenevizlilerden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1477). B\u00f6ylece:<\/p>\n

* Karadeniz bir T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline geldi.<\/p>\n

* Karadeniz\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ticaret\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yolu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 tamamen\u00a0\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131<\/p>\n

egemenli\u011fine girdi.<\/p>\n

* Cenevizlilerin Karadeniz deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verildi<\/p>\n

d-Rodos ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ama al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

e-\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Otranto kalesi fethedilmi\u015f<\/strong> ise de Fatih\u2019in \u00f6lmesinden sonra gerekli yard\u0131m yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tekrar kaybedilmi\u015ftir. (1480)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5- OSMANLI\u00a0 – VENED\u0130K SAVA\u015eLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fatih Venedikliler ile 16 y\u0131l sava\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7ta Venedikliler ile \u0130mtiyazlar Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1479). Bu anla\u015fma ile Venedikliler Osmanl\u0131 sular\u0131nda serbest\u00e7e ticaret yapabilecek, Venedikliler Osmanl\u0131lara vergi vereceklerdi.<\/p>\n

Not: <\/strong>Bu anla\u015fma ile ilk ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar<\/strong> ticareti geli\u015ftirmek ve Hristiyan birli\u011fini par\u00e7alamak i\u00e7in, Fatih taraf\u0131ndan Venediklilere verilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

6-D\u0130\u011eER GEL\u0130\u015eMELER<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25cf Kanunname-i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Osman\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u00a0 Fatih\u00a0\u00a0 Kanunnamesi\u00a0 )<\/p>\n

\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Topkap\u0131 saray\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25cf Devletin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 gelece\u011fi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 karde\u015f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 katline\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 izin<\/p>\n

verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u25cf Divana\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 padi\u015fah\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yerine\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sadrazam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k<\/p>\n

yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25cf Sahn-\u0131 Seman medreseleri kuruldu.<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u0130lk alt\u0131n para bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u25cf Hicaz\u00a0 su\u00a0 yollar\u0131\u00a0 probleminden\u00a0 dolay\u0131\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131-<\/p>\n

Meml\u00fck ili\u015fkileri ilk kez bu d\u00f6nemde bozuldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p (1453), sokulu Mehmet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n vefat\u0131 ile son bulan d\u00f6neme Y\u00fckselme D\u00f6nemi denir. Bu d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n en parlak zaman\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fckselme Devri Padi\u015fahlar\u0131: 1- II. Mehmet (1451-1481) 2- II. Bayezit (1481-1512) 3- I. Selim (1512-1520) (Yavuz) 4- I. S\u00fcleyman (1520-1556) (Kanuni) 5- II. Selim (1556-1574) 6- III. Murat (1574-1595)   1-\u0130STANBUL\u2019UN … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[595,13256,13255,13254],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38808"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38808\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}