Orhan Bey’in beylik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemi Anadolu’da fetihlerle ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Beyli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer Anadolu beylikleri gibi \u0130ran’da kurulu \u0130lhanl\u0131lar’\u0131 metbu say\u0131p y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi \u00f6demekte devam etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan da Bizans topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ak\u0131nlar ve fetihlerle Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi daha g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orhan Bey 1321de Mudanya’y\u0131 fethederek beyli\u011fini Marmara Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1323 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gebze de kendi ad\u0131nda camii yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1321 ve 1326’ya kadar Gazi komutanlar emri alt\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 beylik birlikleri beylik s\u0131n\u0131rlarina sevkedilmi\u015f; Konur Alp Bat\u0131 Karadeniz dolaylar\u0131na, Ak\u00e7a Koca \u0130zmit dolaylar\u0131na, Abdurrahman Gazi Yalova (Yalakabad) dolaylar\u0131na ak\u0131nlar yaparak Yalova, Akyaz\u0131, Mudurnu, Pazaryeri (Ermenipazar\u0131), Sapanca (Ayang\u00f6l\u00fc), Kand\u0131ra, Samandra fetihleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1326’de hedef, b\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezi olan ve y\u0131llard\u0131r abluka alt\u0131nda tutulan Bursa kenti olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nce Orhaneli (o zaman Atranos) kalesi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; sonra Bursa hisar\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatmak \u00fczere P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 mevkininde karargah kurulmu\u015ftur. Fakat K\u00f6se Mihal Bey’in diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucu kale muhaf\u0131z\u0131 Evranos kaleyi sava\u015fs\u0131z teslim etmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6se Mihal Bey ve Evranos Bey’in m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup Orhan Bey’in hizmetinde ak\u0131nc\u0131 beyleri olarak g\u00f6rev yapmalar\u0131 ve bu misyonu kendi soyda\u015flar\u0131na devretmeleri Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k kimli\u011fi yaratma siyasetinin ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir vekayiname Bursa al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 2 Cemazievvel 726 (6 Nisan, 1326) olarak vermektedir. Fakat elde bulunan baz\u0131, Orhan Gazi ad\u0131na Bursa’da bas\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilen ak\u00e7e sikkeleri daha \u00f6nceki tarihleri g\u00f6stermektedir. Genel olarak Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler Bursa’n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile Orhan Gazi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fkent yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirirler.[7]<\/p>\n
Sonraki yillarda Orhan Bey’in gazi komutanlar\u0131 ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131 ile Kocaeli topraklar\u0131nda ilerlemi\u015fler; Kartal ve Aydos kalelerini fethetmi\u015fler ve Bo\u011faz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
May\u0131s 1329da Bizans imparatoru olan III. Andronikos ve yak\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 (sonra imparator olan) Yannis Kantakuzenos 2.000 paral\u0131 asker ile takviyeli bir Bizans ordusu ile Kocaeli’nde ilerlemi\u015f; \u0130zmit ku\u015fatmas\u0131 yapan ise Orhan Gazi ivedi y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fle Dar\u0131ca \u00fczerinden gelmi\u015f; ve ilk defa bir meydan sava\u015f\u0131 olarak Bizans ve Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131 11 Haziran 1329da Maltepe (Palekanon) Sava\u015f\u0131’na giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu sava\u015fta Bizans ordusu Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna yenik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp bozguna u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve Bizans \u0130mparatoru III. Andronikos yaral\u0131 olarak kurtulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece III. Andronikos’un Bizans Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geri alma planlar\u0131 suya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve Bizansl\u0131lar bir daha b\u00f6yle planlara giri\u015fmemi\u015flerdir.[8]<\/p>\n
Orhan Bey’in bu asker\u00ee zaferi sonucu olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn Hristiyanlar i\u00e7in ana itikat prensibi sa\u011flayan Nicea \u0130tikad\u0131’in 325de kabul edildi\u011fi \u015fehir olan ve Bizans Konstantinopolis’i Latinlerin elinden al\u0131p kurtaran \u0130znik Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015f olan \u0130znik (Nicea) 2 Mart1331de hi\u00e7 direni\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden fethedilmi\u015ftir. Orhan Bey ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan imar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir zamanda \u0130znik bir Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ticaret ve sanat merkezi olan bir \u0130slam \u015fehrine d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Orhan Bey \u0130znik b\u00fcy\u00fck katedralini camiye ve bir manast\u0131r\u0131 medreseye \u00e7evirtmi\u015f; e\u015fi Nil\u00fcfer Hatun bir imaret yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa ise yeni bir medrese in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrerken Kara Timurta\u015f Pa\u015fa Marmara’n\u0131n Gemlik ve Armutlu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlarina katm\u0131\u015f. Sonra daha eski klasik Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun (284 ve civar\u0131nda) ba\u015fkentli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f olan ve 6 y\u0131ld\u0131r Osmanli ablukas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan \u0130zmit (Nikomedia) 1337de Bizans taraf\u0131ndan savunulamaz duruma gelmi\u015f; son Bizans valisi Prenses Marika Paleialogos taraf\u0131ndan terkedilip Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fethedip y\u00f6netimi S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa’ya verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine III. Andronikos 1333de Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Orhan Beye bir bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 teklif etmi\u015f ve y\u0131ll\u0131k 12.000 Bizans alt\u0131n\u0131 hara\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bitinyada Bizans elinde kalm\u0131\u015f olan arazilere Osmanl\u0131’lar\u0131 h\u00fccum etmemesini teklif etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Orhan Bey’in Anadolu’da k\u00fcffardan fethedece\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir yer kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orhan Bey bu nedenle 1340’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda beyli\u011fini yeni bir strateji olan kom\u015fu T\u00fcrkmen beyliklerin fethine y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00fclkeler \u0130slam siyaset felsefesine g\u00f6re dar-\u00fcl harp olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu yeni stratejinin uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in sudan nedenler yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nce Karesi Beyli\u011finde h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k kavgas\u0131na ge\u00e7en Demirhan Bey ile Dursun Bey’in aras\u0131n\u0131 bulmak nedeniyle Orhan Bey 1342de Ulubad, Karacabey (Mihali\u00e7) ve Mustafakemalpa\u015fa (K\u0131rmast\u0131) kalelerini i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. Bununla da yetinmeyerek \u00f6nemli bir asker\u00ee kuvvetle 1345 de Karesi Seferi’ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu iki kavgal\u0131 bey Bergama’da s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; Dursun Bey ku\u015fatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f; Demirhan Bey esir olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle Karesi Beyli\u011fine ait geni\u015f topraklar ve Bal\u0131kesir, Manyas, Edincik ve Erdek kentleri Orhan Bey idaresine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sonra \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’ya ak\u0131nlar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ak\u0131nlar 1354de Gerede ve Osmanl\u0131lara kurulu\u015ftan beri destek sa\u011flayan Ahilerinin merkezi Ankara kalelerinin Orhan Bey’in eline ge\u00e7mesi ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Orhan Bey’in beylik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemi Anadolu’da fetihlerle ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Beyli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer Anadolu beylikleri gibi \u0130ran’da kurulu \u0130lhanl\u0131lar’\u0131 metbu say\u0131p y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi \u00f6demekte devam etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan da Bizans topraklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ak\u0131nlar ve fetihlerle Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi daha g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orhan Bey 1321de Mudanya’y\u0131 fethederek beyli\u011fini Marmara Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na eri\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1323 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gebze de kendi … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,20,26],"tags":[12798,13078],"class_list":["post-38560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sosyal-bilgiler","category-tc-ink-tarihi-ve-ataturkculuk","category-tarih","tag-orhan-bey","tag-orhan-bey-fethileri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}