{"id":38542,"date":"2012-11-27T18:31:39","date_gmt":"2012-11-27T16:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=38542"},"modified":"2012-11-27T18:31:39","modified_gmt":"2012-11-27T16:31:39","slug":"ilk-turk-islam-devletlerinde-kultur-ve-uygarlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ilk-turk-islam-devletlerinde-kultur-ve-uygarlik.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk \u0130slam Devletlerinde K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Uygarl\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-Devlet Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00dclke hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ortak mal\u0131<\/strong> idi. Bu durum devletlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u25aaDevletin ba\u015f\u0131nda Sultan,Han,Hakan<\/strong> \u00fcnvanl\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bulunurdu.<\/p>\n

\u25aaSultandan sonra en yetkili ki\u015fi Vezirdi.<\/strong> Sultan\u0131n e\u015fi \u201cHatun\u201d<\/strong> da y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibi idi.<\/p>\n

\u25aaSultandan sonra yerine o\u011flu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olurdu. Para bast\u0131rmak, hutbe okutmak h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k simgelerindendi.<\/p>\n

\u25aaDevlet i\u015fleri Divan<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen bir kurulda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.Divana Vezir<\/strong> ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ederdi.<\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00dclke y\u00f6netim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan eyaletlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eyaletleri y\u00f6neten \u015eehzadelerin<\/strong> ya\u015flar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise yanlar\u0131na Atabeyler<\/strong> g\u00f6nderilirdi. Atabey, \u015fehzadenin askerlik, y\u00f6netim ve e\u011fitim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeti\u015fmesini sa\u011flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25aaMahkeme, adalet ve hukuk i\u015flerine Kad\u0131lar<\/strong> bakard\u0131.<\/p>\n

2-Ordu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aaOnlu sisteme g\u00f6re ordular\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkilatland\u0131ran Karahanl\u0131lar da orduyu Suba\u015f\u0131<\/strong> denilen ordu komutan\u0131 idare ederdi. Sava\u015flarda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan taktik \u201cTuran Takti\u011fi\u201d<\/strong> idi.<\/p>\n

\u25aaGazne ordusu farkl\u0131 milletlerden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu durum Gaznelilerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u25aaSel\u00e7uklu ordusu ise daha te\u015fkilatl\u0131 idi. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular ordular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi:<\/p>\n

-Gulam Askerleri (Hassa Ordusu): <\/strong>Genellikle sava\u015f <\/strong>sonunda esir edilen gen\u00e7lerden olu\u015fuyordu.H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunan ve maa\u015f alan askerlerdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-\u0130kta Askerleri: <\/strong>Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n askeri te\u015fkilatta <\/strong>yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli yeniliktir. Komutan veya askerlere hizmet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilen topraklara \u201c\u0130kta\u201d <\/strong>denirdi. \u0130kta sahipleri bu topraklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asker beslerlerdi. Bu askerlere \u201c\u0130kta Askerleri\u201d<\/strong> denirdi. Bu uygulama ile devlet hazineden para harcamadan \u00a0<\/strong>g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir orduya <\/strong>sahip olmu\u015f, \u00fcretimde s\u00fcreklilik, topraklarda g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

-Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Kuvvetler:<\/strong>Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n egemenli\u011fini <\/strong>tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f devletlerin sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi kuvvetlerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

3-Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Ya\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aaHalk g\u00f6\u00e7ebeler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve \u015fehirliler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7ebeler hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ile, \u015fehirliler ise\u00a0 ticaret ve sanatla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u25aaT\u00fcrk toplumunda ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar yoktu. Toplumda s\u0131k\u0131 bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma duygusu hakim idi. Yard\u0131msever insanlar bir araya gelerek vak\u0131flar kuruyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

4-Dil Edebiyat ve Bilim<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aaT\u00fcrk \u0130slam devletlerinde genel olarak resmi dil Fars\u00e7a, bilim dili ise Arap\u00e7a idi.<\/strong> Yaln\u0131z Karahanl\u0131larda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e hem resmi dil hem de bilim dili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u25aaKa\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut,<\/strong> Araplara T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi \u00f6\u011fretmek ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla \u201cDivan-\u0131 L\u00fcgat it T\u00fcrk\u201d<\/strong> \u00fc yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u25aaB\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu veziri Nizam\u2019\u00fcl M\u00fclk<\/strong> , Alp Arslan\u2019\u0131n emri ile \u201cNizamiye<\/strong> Medreselerini\u201d <\/strong>kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1-Devlet Y\u00f6netimi \u25aa\u00dclke hanedan \u00fcyelerinin ortak mal\u0131 idi. Bu durum devletlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. \u25aaDevletin ba\u015f\u0131nda Sultan,Han,Hakan \u00fcnvanl\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar bulunurdu. \u25aaSultandan sonra en yetkili ki\u015fi Vezirdi. Sultan\u0131n e\u015fi \u201cHatun\u201d da y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibi idi. \u25aaSultandan sonra yerine o\u011flu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olurdu. Para bast\u0131rmak, hutbe okutmak h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k simgelerindendi. \u25aaDevlet i\u015fleri Divan ad\u0131 verilen bir … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[13056],"class_list":["post-38542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-ilk-turk-islam-devletleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38542\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}