Atat\u00fcrk, \u201cMinber\u201d, \u201c\u0130rade-i Milliye\u201d ve \u201cHakimiyet-i Milliye\u201d olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gazete \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 halka duyurarak kamuoyu olu\u015fturmak isteyen Atat\u00fcrk, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren bas\u0131ndan destek alm\u0131\u015f ve bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc en etkili \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, yaln\u0131zca bir asker, komutan, diplomat, politikac\u0131 ve devlet adam\u0131 de\u011fildi. O, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc de… Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc O\u2019nun yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan, s\u00f6ylediklerinden, okuduklar\u0131ndan anlayabiliyoruz. Zaten Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00f6n\u00fc O\u2019nu gazetecili\u011fe y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 halka duyurmak i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu bilen Atat\u00fcrk, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi daha Harbiye \u00f6\u011frencisiyken fark etmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6nem Mustafa Kemal \u00f6nderli\u011findeki siyasal eylem boyunca kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f kamuoyuyla ba\u011f kuran Mustafa Kemal\u2019in yapt\u0131klar\u0131, yapmak istedikleri daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, hayat\u0131n\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde bas\u0131na verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemi belli etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1 Mart 1922\u2019de TBMM\u2019yi a\u00e7arken yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cBas\u0131n milletin m\u00fc\u015fterek sesidir. Bir milleti ayd\u0131nlatma ve do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6stermede, bir millete muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu fikri g\u0131day\u0131 vermekte, \u00f6zetle bir milletin saadet hedefi olan m\u00fc\u015fterek istikamette y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini teminde bas\u0131n, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir kuvvet, bir mektep, bir rehberdir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal\u2019in gazetecili\u011fe olan ilgisi daha \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz Harbiye \u00f6\u011frencisiyken y\u00f6netimin siyaset alan\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek amac\u0131yla ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011findeki yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlamak i\u00e7in el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla bir gazete \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gazetenin yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kendisi yazan Mustafa Kemal, Mektepler M\u00fcfetti\u015fi \u0130smail Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n takibine de u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Harp Okulu\u2019ndaki veteriner dershanelerinden birine giren Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 gazetenin yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada, okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc R\u0131za Bey taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendilerine \u00f6nemli bir ceza verilmemi\u015f, \u201cizinsizlik\u201d su\u00e7uyla yetinilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Minber<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ilk gazete \u00e7\u0131karma giri\u015fimi \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u201cMinber\u201ddir. Minber, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in iste\u011fi \u00fczerine yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Gazeteyi 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Ali Fethi Okyar ile birlikte \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1918\u2019de Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan Mondros M\u00fctarekesi imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal, ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grubu ve 7. Ordu Karargah\u0131 la\u011fvedildi\u011fi i\u00e7in Suriye\u2019den \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu konular hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fma ve yazma gere\u011fi hissetmektedir. Oysa Mustafa Kemal\u2019in asker kimli\u011fi politik olaylara girmesini ve aktif rol \u00fcstlenmesini engellemektedir.<\/p>\n
Fethi Okyar, an\u0131lar\u0131nda Minber gazetesinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
\u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u2018memleketi peri\u015fan eden ve muhalefet ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda irtikap eden taarruz ve tahripler daha \u00e7ok gazeteler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla oluyor. Bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 milleti uyand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en iyi vas\u0131ta ayn\u0131 yolla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek, yani bir gazete \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. Benim maa\u015f\u0131mdan biriktirdi\u011fim biraz param var, onu koymaya haz\u0131r\u0131m. Ben askerim imtiyaz alamam, ama sen alabilirsin. Hakikatleri halka, hatta d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131za anlatabilmek i\u00e7in hadi gel beraberce gazete \u00e7\u0131karal\u0131m.\u2019 dedi. Gazete \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyordum ama, mensup oldu\u011fum \u0130ttihat ve Terakki i\u00e7in \u00f6ylesine \u00e7irkin ve haks\u0131z ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla vatan ve devlet i\u00e7in \u00f6ylesine tehlikeli ne\u015friyat ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, bunlar\u0131 cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rakmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.\u201d<\/p>\n
1 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flayan Minber gazetesi g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak yay\u0131nlan\u0131r ve 51 say\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Gazetenin ba\u015f\u0131nda Fethi Bey vard\u0131r, imtiyaz sahibi ve sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ise Dr. Rasim Ferit\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Minber, Fethi Bey\u2019in eski partisi \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019ye olan haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve do\u011frular\u0131 yazmak, Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n parlamentoda g\u00fcvenoyu almas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici yaz\u0131lar yazmak, Fethi Bey taraf\u0131ndan yeni kurulan Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyetperver Avam F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak i\u00e7in yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gazetenin ba\u015fyaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla Mustafa Kemal, de\u011fi\u015fik adlarla ya da imzas\u0131z yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Minber\u2019in hemen hemen her say\u0131s\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal\u2019le ilgili haberler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihli gazetede Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grubu Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yeni d\u00f6nen Mustafa Kemal\u2019le bir de r\u00f6portaj yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu r\u00f6portajda Mustafa Kemal \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir; \u201c… en iyi siyasetin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlam\u0131yla en \u00e7ok kuvvetli olmakta bulundu\u011funu kabul ederim. En \u00e7ok kuvvetli olmak tabirinden amac\u0131m\u0131n, yaln\u0131z silah kuvveti oldu\u011funu zannetmeyiniz. Bilakis asker olmama ra\u011fmen bence kuvvet kendisini olu\u015fturan etkenlerin sonuncusudur.Benim amac\u0131m manen, ilmen, ahlaken ve teknik y\u00f6nden kuvvetli olmakt\u0131r. Bu sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerden yoksun olan bir milletin b\u00fct\u00fcn fertlerinin en son silahlarla donat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaysak bile kuvvetli oldu\u011funu kabul etmek do\u011fru olmaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130rade-i Milliye<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk ikinci gazetesini Sivas Kongresi\u2019nden sonra \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan ve 11 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de sona eren Sivas Kongresi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal \u00e7evresindekilerden yeni \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 gazete i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 ister. Aranan yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc bulunur ve gazete \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Heyet-i Temsiliye ad\u0131na Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olan gazetenin imtiyaz\u0131 Selahattin Ulusalerk\u2019e aittir. Gazetenin yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ise Mazhar M\u00fcfit Kansu\u2019dur. Gazetenin ad\u0131 ve ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131 Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmi\u015ftir; \u201c\u0130rade-i Milliye\u201d (Metalip ve Amali Milliye\u2019nin M\u00fcdafiidir).<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta haftada bir sonralar\u0131 haftada iki ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak yay\u0131nlanan gazetede Sivas Kongresi zab\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in bildirilerini, konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan gazetenin n\u00fcshalar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u015fehrin \u00e7e\u015fitli dairelerine resmi m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc zarflar i\u00e7inde g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hakimiyet-i Milliye<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Heyet-i Temsiliye \u00fcyeleriyle birlikte Ankara\u2019ya geldi\u011finde burada al\u0131nacak kararlar\u0131n millete duyurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gazeteye ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir ve burada verdi\u011fi ilk direktif de \u201cbir gazete \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Ankara\u2019da do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir matbaa bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Konya\u2019dan getirtilen bask\u0131 makinesi meclis bah\u00e7esindeki bir binaya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve iki hafta i\u00e7inde gazete \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gazetenin ad\u0131n\u0131 da Mustafa Kemal vermi\u015ftir; \u201cHakimiyet-i Milliye\u201d. \u0130lk say\u0131n\u0131n gazete ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ise \u201cmesle\u011fi milletin iradesini hakim k\u0131lmakt\u0131r\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r. 10 Ocak 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlanan gazetenin ilk ba\u015fyaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Mustafa Kemal yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gazete Anadolu\u2019da kurulan Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131d\u0131r. Gazetenin yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Nizamettin Nazif Tepedelenlio\u011flu\u2019dur. Gazetenin daha sonraki yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda H\u00fcseyin Rag\u0131p Baydur, Nafi At\u0131f Kansu ve Ziya Gevher Etili gibi isimler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta haftada iki g\u00fcn yay\u0131nlanan gazete 18 Temmuz 1920\u2019den sonra haftada \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn, 6 \u015eubat 1921\u2019den sonra da g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gazete 1934 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Hakimiyet-i Milliye ad\u0131yla, o tarihten sonra da \u201cUlus\u201d ad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Atat\u00fcrk, \u201cMinber\u201d, \u201c\u0130rade-i Milliye\u201d ve \u201cHakimiyet-i Milliye\u201d olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gazete \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 halka duyurarak kamuoyu olu\u015fturmak isteyen Atat\u00fcrk, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren bas\u0131ndan destek alm\u0131\u015f ve bas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc en etkili \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, yaln\u0131zca bir asker, komutan, diplomat, politikac\u0131 ve devlet adam\u0131 de\u011fildi. O, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc de… Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bu … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[25,14,20],"tags":[12939,12938,12940],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38372\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}