{"id":38293,"date":"2012-11-23T19:48:09","date_gmt":"2012-11-23T17:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=38293"},"modified":"2012-11-23T19:48:09","modified_gmt":"2012-11-23T17:48:09","slug":"dort-halife-devri-632-661","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/dort-halife-devri-632-661.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6rt Halife Devri (632-661)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hz. Ebubekir D\u00f6nemi (632-634) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25aa Yalanc\u0131 Peygamberlerle, dinden d\u00f6nenlerle, zekat vermeyenlerle m\u00fccadele edildi.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa Halifeye, devlet memurlar\u0131na maa\u015f ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa Kuran-\u0131 Kerim kitap haline getirildi.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa\u0130lk kez Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fetihlere ba\u015fland\u0131. Suriye ve Irak \u00fczerine bir ordu g\u00f6nderildi. Bizans ile <strong>Yerm\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> yaparak Bizans\u2019\u0131 yendi(634). Bu sefer Suriye\u2019nin fethine ortam haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hz. \u00d6mer D\u00f6nemi (634-644):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25aa<strong>Ecnadin Sava\u015f\u0131yla<\/strong> Suriye\u2019nin Fethi tamamland\u0131. \u0130ran ile <strong>Kadisiye ve Nihavend Sava\u015flar\u0131<\/strong> yap\u0131larak \u0130ran al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt halife d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde en \u00e7ok fetihlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaTopraklar y\u00f6netim birimlerine ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa\u0130lk kez divan kuruldu ve Kad\u0131l\u0131k sistemi olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa\u0130lk d\u00fczenli ordu kuruldu. <strong>\u201cOrdugah\u201d<\/strong> \u015fehirleri kuruldu. \u0130kta sistemi kuruldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaDevlet Hazinesi <strong>(Beyt\u00fcl Mal) <\/strong>olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaHicri Takvim ilk kez kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaHz. \u00d6mer \u0130ranl\u0131 bir k\u00f6le taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehit edildi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hz. Osman Devri (644-656):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25aaLibya, Tunus fethedildi. T\u00fcrkler ile sava\u015flar ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131br\u0131s vergiye ba\u011fland\u0131. <strong>\u0130lk \u0130slam Donan-<\/strong> <strong>mas\u0131<\/strong> Suriye valisi Muaviye taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu Bizans donanmas\u0131 ile ilk sava\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aa\u0130lk kez Kuran-\u0131 Kerim \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaHz. Osman\u2019\u0131n memurluklar\u0131 kendi soyundan olan Emevilere vermesi \u00fczerine, \u0130slam dinideki ilk kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u25aaHz. Osman \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hz. Ali D\u00f6nemi(656-661) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cemel Vakas\u0131 (Deve Olay\u0131) :<\/strong> Hz. Talha, Z\u00fcbeyir, Ay\u015fe, Muaviye, Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerinin bulunmas\u0131nda gev\u015fek davranan Hz. Ali\u2019nin halifeli\u011fini tan\u0131mad\u0131lar. \u0130ki grup aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleyi Hz. Ali kazand\u0131. M\u00fccadeleyi kazanan Hz. Ali K\u00fcfe\u2019yi ba\u015fkent yapt\u0131.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131ff\u0131n Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Hakem Olay\u0131 : <\/strong>Hz. Muaviye,<strong> <\/strong>Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerini yakalama bahanesi ile harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f bu olay S\u0131ff\u0131n Sava\u015f\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<strong> <\/strong>Hz. Ali galip gelecekken<strong> <\/strong>m\u0131zraklar\u0131n ucuna Kuran-\u0131 Kerim yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n tak\u0131lmas\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n durmas\u0131na ve Hakem olay\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Hakem olay\u0131ndan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Hz. Ali taraftarlar\u0131, Hz. Muaviye taraftarlar\u0131 ve Hariciler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u25aaHariciler 661\u2019de Hz.Ali\u2019yi \u015fehit etmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan fetihler durmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece d\u00f6rt halife d\u00f6nemi bitmi\u015f Emeviler d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hz. Ebubekir D\u00f6nemi (632-634) : \u25aa Yalanc\u0131 Peygamberlerle, dinden d\u00f6nenlerle, zekat vermeyenlerle m\u00fccadele edildi. \u25aa Halifeye, devlet memurlar\u0131na maa\u015f ba\u011fland\u0131. \u25aa Kuran-\u0131 Kerim kitap haline getirildi. \u25aa\u0130lk kez Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fetihlere ba\u015fland\u0131. Suriye ve Irak \u00fczerine bir ordu g\u00f6nderildi. Bizans ile Yerm\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaparak Bizans\u2019\u0131 yendi(634). Bu sefer Suriye\u2019nin fethine ortam haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer &#8230; <a title=\"D\u00f6rt Halife Devri (632-661)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/dort-halife-devri-632-661.html\" aria-label=\"More on D\u00f6rt Halife Devri (632-661)\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[12868,12871,12870,12869],"class_list":["post-38293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","tag-hz-ali-donemi","tag-hz-ebubekir-donemi","tag-hz-omer-donemi","tag-hz-osman-devri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38293\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}