\u00dclkemizin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya verdi\u011fi beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc tam anlam\u0131yla tesbit edebilmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. \u00dccret farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, mesleki tatminin elde edilememesi, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fvik g\u00f6rmemesi, yeterli bilgi ve kabiliyete sahip olmak yerine siyas\u00ee m\u00fcl\u00e2hazalarla stat\u00fc kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, siyas\u00ee istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve huzursuzluk gibi sebeplerle y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 insang\u00fcc\u00fc beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re, beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olan doktor say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, mimar ve m\u00fchendis say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f izlenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca; beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7ici merkez b\u00f6lgelerinin Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika \u00fclkeleri olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, son y\u0131llarda Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerine de g\u00f6\u00e7 izlenmektedir. Y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 insang\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131s\u0131ra; son y\u0131llarda zaten yetersiz olan orta vas\u0131fl\u0131 teknik insang\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olmas\u0131, insang\u00fcc\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yurt i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilememesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz sebeplerden dolay\u0131 s\u00fcregelen beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc konusunda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc nitelikli insang\u00fcc\u00fc mevcudunun yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak onda birinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131nda tahmin edilmektedir. Nitekim, stratejik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan fen adam\u0131, m\u00fchendis ve doktor gibi elemanlar\u0131n son 15 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan oran\u0131, bu elemanlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren kurumlar\u0131n toplam mezun say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1118\u2032i kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsang\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirilmesinde, e\u011fitime ayr\u0131lan kaynaklar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fini, kaynaklar\u0131n etkin bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131, teknik, mesleki ve genel e\u011fitim aras\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131; e\u011fitim sistemi ile ekonomik geli\u015fme aras\u0131ndaki uyumun yetersizli\u011fini, e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanacak h\u00e2s\u0131lan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreyi gerektirmesini, laboratuar, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 gibi darbo\u011fazlar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarsak ve bir de yeti\u015fkinlerin g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bundan ne kadar zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mesel\u00e2 Birinci ve \u0130kinci Plan d\u00f6nemlerinde % 7\u2032lik bir kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Birinci Plan d\u00f6neminde % 6,7 \u0130kinci Plan d\u00f6neminde de % 6,9 kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flanabilmi\u015ftir. Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise, Birinci Plan d\u00f6neminde % 12.3 hedef al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve % 9,7 oran\u0131nda geli\u015fme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci Plan d\u00f6neminde ise % 12 olarak tesbit edilen geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 % 7,6\u2032da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde hedef al\u0131nan geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 ekonominin y\u0131ll\u0131k genel b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek tutulmu\u015ftur. Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde planlanan geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir oran\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re dayand\u0131r\u0131labilir. Sermaye, teknoloji, hammadde, enerji, emek ve altyap\u0131n\u0131n yetersizle\u015fmesi bunlar\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ancak, bu gerilemede insang\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, nitelikli insang\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve yerinde kullanamayarak verimi d\u00fc\u015fen eme\u011fin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler istatistiklerinden al\u0131nan bilgilere g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere (19621967 ortalamas\u0131na g\u00f6re) her y\u0131l ortalama 375 T\u00fcrk bilim adam\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek nitelikli eleman g\u00f6\u00e7 etmektedir. Asl\u0131nda, bu rakam bir fikir vermesine ra\u011fmen, olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck say\u0131labilir. G\u00f6\u00e7 eden elemanlar\u0131n % 51,l\u2019i t\u0131p, % 40\u2032\u0131 m\u00fchendislik % 5,5\u2032i tabii ilimler ve % 3\u2032\u00fc sosyal ilimler alanlar\u0131ndad\u0131r20. Ancak, son y\u0131llarda daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler aras\u0131nda doktor oran\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, mimar ve m\u00fchendis oran\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda, \u00f6zellikle hangi m\u00fchendislik bran\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Zira, mimar, in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi gibi m\u00fchendislik bran\u015flar\u0131nda arz fazlas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, elektrik, maden; petrol ve harita m\u00fchendisli\u011fi gibi bran\u015flarda bir a\u00e7\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Arz fazlas\u0131 bulunan in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve mimarl\u0131k gibi dallar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konuya b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc bir a\u00e7\u0131dan e\u011filirsek, eldeki verilere g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizden di\u011fer \u00fclkelere y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde eleman g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc, arz fazlas\u0131 veya ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fmas\u0131 olarak kabul edemeyiz. Nitekim, P. G. Frenck taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kabiliyet g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn temelde ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u00fclked\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fmas\u0131 \u015feklinde bir olayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131la\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, genellikle, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde eleman i\u00e7in istihdam piyasas\u0131n\u0131n elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu, pek az alanda ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 mezun bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, pek \u00e7ok alanda m\u00fctevaz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde de olsa yeti\u015fen mezun say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan eleman ihtiyac\u0131 bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u201cBununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde eleman istihdam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorunlar, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k ve teknik alanlarda s\u00fcregelen ara insang\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fi ile i\u015fletmecilik alan\u0131ndaki kalifiye insang\u00fcc\u00fc yetersizli\u011fi gibi yap\u0131sal bozukluklar ile tipik olarak hekimlerin co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda kendini belli eden b\u00f6lgesel dengesizliklerdir1.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde, sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda hekimlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dengesizlikler vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle. \u0130stanbul, Ankara, \u0130zmir, Adana gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f illerimizde ve bu illeri kapsayan y\u00f6relerde doktor say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 69\u2032\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte, 1963 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren az geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6relerimizde ba\u015flat\u0131lan sosyalizasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ise; tesis ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e2t\u0131l kapasite yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plan D\u00f6neminde, az geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6relerimizde artt\u0131r\u0131lan e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, standart kadrolar\u0131n \u00e7ok alt\u0131ndaki say\u0131larda sa\u011fl\u0131k personeli ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mecbur kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Az geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6relerimizdeki sa\u011fl\u0131k ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n hedef olarak kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bir hata olmu\u015f ve sosyalizasyon program\u0131n\u0131n maliyetini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fizik\u00ee hedeflere paralel olarak insang\u00fcc\u00fc hedeflerinin tam olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve kaynak israf\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde insang\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fclkemize maliyeti konusunda baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara rastlanmaktad\u0131r. H. \u00dcner taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma bunlardan birisidir. 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den A. B. D.\u2019ne kabul edilmi\u015f bulunan 203 eleman i\u00e7in hesaplanan maddi kay\u0131p 18.270.000 dolar\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferine g\u00f6re, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 90.000 dolarl\u0131k bir kay\u0131p s\u00f6zkonusudur. Bulunan bu rakamlar i\u00e7inde okul masraflar\u0131, bak\u0131m ve idame masraflar\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenim s\u00fcresince vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f gelirler ile bu elemanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na girmeleri halinde tahmini toplam gelirleri hesaplaman\u0131n kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan doktoral\u0131 T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumunca ve T. O\u011fuzkan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan doktoral\u0131 T\u00fcrk say\u0131s\u0131 en az 217 olarak tahmin edilmi\u015ftir. Bu rakkam \u00fclkemizin ayn\u0131 tarihlerde yurt i\u00e7inde iki y\u0131lda yeti\u015ftirebildi\u011fi toplam doktoral\u0131 eleman say\u0131s\u0131na yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, sadece fen ve m\u00fchendislik alanlar\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015f doktoral\u0131 eleman dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrklerin say\u0131s\u0131, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde s\u0131ras\u0131yla 6 ve 7 y\u0131lda verilen mezun say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 buluyordu. \u00d6te yandan, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yaln\u0131z fen alan\u0131nda doktora sahipleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan grup T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 19331967 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki 36 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplam doktoral\u0131 eleman say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n % 18\u2032ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn y\u00f6n\u00fc, g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin ya\u015f ve medeni durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki noktalara temas edilmi\u015ftir: \u201cAra\u015ft\u0131rmada bilgi toplamak \u00fczere uygulanan ankete 150 ki\u015fiden gelen cevaba g\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u00e7 edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fclkeler, % 71 ile Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, % 10 ile Kanada, % 8 ile Almanya olarak saptand\u0131. Geriye kalanlar, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu evli olan grubun ya\u015f medyan\u0131 40 olarak bulundu. Genel olarak incelenen grup, aile hayatlar\u0131nda ve mesleklerinde yerle\u015fmi\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kurumlarda unvan ve mevki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015f kimselerden olu\u015fuyordu. Ankete al\u0131nan cevaplardan grubun % 79\u2032unun T\u00fcrk uyru\u011funu korudu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ayr\u0131ca tesbit edilen bir husus da \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta iken, g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin yan\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra yurda d\u00f6nmeyip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na intikal edenlerin say\u0131ca geni\u015f bir grubu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin, incelenen grupta doktora derecesi ald\u0131ktan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirenlerin oran\u0131 % 58\u2032i bulmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Buraya kadar olan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131m\u0131zda beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc co\u011frafi bir hareketlilik olarak ele ald\u0131k. Ancak, mek\u00e2n de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu olmadan da, beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc olay\u0131na rastlamaktay\u0131z. Bu tip bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7i geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclke devaml\u0131 veya ge\u00e7ici olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke lehine eleman kaybetmeyebilir. Al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve telkin s\u00fcre\u00e7leri sonunda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n kitle haberle\u015fme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle, yabanc\u0131 ideolojiler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilen vas\u0131fl\u0131 elemanlar g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeseler de, \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in birer kay\u0131p say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu tip bir g\u00f6\u00e7 sonunda kaybedilenler, sosyal ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nmaya kendilerinden beklenen en uygun kat\u0131lmay\u0131 g\u00f6steremeyecekleri gibi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin milli menfaatleriyle de ters d\u00fc\u015feceklerdir. Nitekim, 12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesi baz\u0131 sabotajlar, ar\u0131zalar ile anar\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctleri i\u00e7inde yer alan baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 elamanlar bu konuda tipik birer \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dclkemizin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya verdi\u011fi beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc tam anlam\u0131yla tesbit edebilmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. \u00dccret farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, mesleki tatminin elde edilememesi, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fvik g\u00f6rmemesi, yeterli bilgi ve kabiliyete sahip olmak yerine siyas\u00ee m\u00fcl\u00e2hazalarla stat\u00fc kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, siyas\u00ee istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve huzursuzluk gibi sebeplerle y\u00fcksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 insang\u00fcc\u00fc beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re, beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne konu olan doktor say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7],"tags":[556,288,802],"class_list":["post-3303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","category-dn","tag-beyin-gocu","tag-goc","tag-turkiye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3303"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3303\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}