Akarsu genel olarak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktireme faaliyeti yaparlar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hepsi bir co\u011frafyada oldu\u011fu gibi farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda da olabilir. Bu \u015fekillendirici etkiler ise;<\/p>\n
1)A\u015eINDIRMA<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma iki \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n a)Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsular\u0131n yatak i\u00e7indeki kolay a\u015f\u0131nabilen kaya\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Erime olay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak en fazla Ekvator\u00a0 ve Orta ku\u015fakta yaz\u0131n olur.<\/p>\n b)Mekanik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclme: Akarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu moloz, \u00e7ak\u0131l ve ta\u015flar\u0131n tabana ve yanlara yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmad\u0131r. Akarsular genelde fiziksel a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yaparlar. Fiziksel a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n etkin bir halde olabilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n Su miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131<\/p>\n Yatak e\u011fiminin fazla olmas\u0131<\/p>\n Y\u00fck miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131<\/p>\n Zeminin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li olmamas\u0131<\/p>\n Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de zay\u0131f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n Fiziksel a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma 3 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n a)Derine A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fey do\u011frultuda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131p deniz seviyesine indirmesidir.<\/p>\n b)Yana A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsular\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ve e\u011fimlerinin azalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yanlara do\u011fru sal\u0131n\u0131mlar yapmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n c)Geriye A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsuyun en fazla su ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak denize do\u011fru yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir akarsuyun en b\u00fcy\u00fck ideali deniz seviyesine inmektir. Akarsu deniz seviyesine indi\u011fi zaman a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma faaliyeti biter ve bunun yerine biriktirme faaliyeti ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n AKARSU A\u015eINDIRMA \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Denge Profili: Akarsular yataklar\u0131n\u0131 derine do\u011fru kazmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda e\u011fimi,ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve h\u0131z\u0131 azal\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece akarsular taban seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda kaynak ile a\u011f\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 b\u00fckey g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme Denge Profili denir. Bu sayede:<\/p>\n a)Yatak e\u011fimi azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n b)Ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n c)Biriktirme artar.<\/p>\n d)A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n e)Su potansiyeli azal\u0131r<\/p>\n f)Enerji \u00fcretimi azal\u0131r<\/p>\n g)Ula\u015f\u0131m ve ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131labilir<\/p>\n \u00dclkemiz gen\u00e7 olu\u015fumlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in denge profiline ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2. VAD\u0130:\u00a0<\/strong> Akarsular \u00f6nce a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yolu ile \u00f6nce kendilerine bir yol a\u00e7arlar. Zamanla bu yolu veya yata\u011f\u0131 derinlemesine ve yanlamas\u0131na a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak uzun ince bir \u00e7ukurluk olu\u015ftururlar. Buna VAD\u0130 denir.<\/p>\n Akarsuyun en \u00f6nemli a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma \u015feklidir. Bunlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda :<\/p>\n a)Arazinin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n b)Su miktar\u0131<\/p>\n c)Y\u00fck miktar\u0131<\/p>\n d)Olu\u015fum s\u00fcreleri etkilidir.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak vadiler 5 \u2018e ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n a)\u00c7entik Vadi: Gen\u00e7 vadi ad\u0131yla da bilinir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc akarsuyun kaynak k\u0131sm\u0131na yak\u0131n yerde meydana gelir. Yana a\u015f\u0131nma fazlad\u0131r. V \u015fekilli vadidir.<\/p>\n b)Bo\u011faz Vadi: Dar ve derin akarsu vadileridir.\u00a0 Gen\u00e7 vadi gurubundad\u0131r. Yama\u00e7lar dik ve enine kesilmi\u015ftir. En k\u0131sa yoldan iki da\u011f\u0131 birle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u00f6pr\u00fc yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Yer \u015fekilleri biliminde yarma vadi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fcre(K\u0131z\u0131l \u0131rmak) Ye\u015fil \u0131rmak(Canik da\u011flar\u0131nda )Marmara\u2019da Geyve, G\u00fclek bo\u011faz\u0131 Diclenin Mardin e\u015fi\u011finde Sakarya\u2019n\u0131n Samanl\u0131 da\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi. U bi\u00e7imli vadidir.<\/p>\n c)Kanyon Vadi: \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen basamakl\u0131 vadidir. Ihlara vadisinde ve G\u00f6ks\u00fc vadisinde oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n d)Yat\u0131k Yama\u00e7l\u0131 Vadi: Farkl\u0131 diren\u00e7teki olu\u015fan vadidir. Akarsu e\u011fiminin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Desimetrik vadide denir.<\/p>\n e)Al\u00fcvyon Tabanl\u0131 Vadi: E\u011fimin iyice azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen vadidir. Bundan sonra akarsu biriktirme faaliyetine ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n 3.KIRGIBAYIR(BADLANS TOPOGRAFYASI): Yar\u0131 kurak b\u00f6lgelerde T\u00fcf, mil gibi malzemeden olu\u015fan kaya\u00e7larda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi zor olan dilik dilik bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Arazi keskin s\u0131rtlarla birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Kapadokya b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 4.DEV KAZANI: Farkl\u0131 diren\u00e7teki kayalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yama\u00e7tan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inen akarsular d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131 zeminin sertlik dercesine g\u00f6re kayac\u0131 oyarlar. Bu oyma neticesinde olu\u015fan \u00e7ukurluklara Dev Kazan\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n 5. PER\u0130BACASI:\u00a0 Volkanik arazilerde kolay a\u015f\u0131nan fakat buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k zor a\u015f\u0131nan kaya\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu yerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekillerdir. Burada a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 zor olan kaya\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131nmaz ama alttaki kolay i\u015flenen t\u00fcf i\u015flenerek bacal\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olan yap\u0131lar olu\u015fur. Peribacas\u0131nda r\u00fczgar tepenin i\u015flenmesinde dolayl\u0131 etkiye sahiptir.<\/p>\n 6. PENEPLEN(YONTUK D\u00dcZ): Akarsularla birlikte di\u011fer d\u0131\u015f kuvvetlerin engebeli araziyi al\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda hafif dalgal\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye sahip olan Peneplenler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n AKARSU B\u0130R\u0130K\u0130M \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Akarsuyun biriktirme yapabilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n a)E\u011fimin azalmas\u0131<\/p>\n b)Akarsuyun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131<\/p>\n c)Akarsuyun h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131<\/p>\n d)Suyun azalmas\u0131<\/p>\n e)Y\u00fck\u00fcnde artmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n Bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak akarsu biriktirmesini \u015fu \u015fekillerde g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n 1. B\u0130R\u0130K\u0130NT\u0130 KON\u0130S\u0130: Da\u011flar\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan inen materyallerin yama\u00e7ta e\u011fimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde birikmesiyle olu\u015fur. E\u011fer malzeme ince yap\u0131l\u0131 ise yay\u0131lmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Birikinti yelpazeleri olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n 2. OVA: \u00c7evresine g\u00f6re al\u00e7akta ve y\u00fczeyi al\u00fcvyonlarla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve akarsularca da derine yar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan d\u00fczl\u00fcklerdir. Deniz seviyesinde olanlara \u00e7ukur ova, y\u00fcksekte olanlara ise Y\u00fcksek ova olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ovalar olu\u015fumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 4\u2019ye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n a)Da\u011f Ete\u011fi Ovas\u0131: Birikinti konilerinin birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fan ovalard\u0131r. En tipik \u00f6rneklerinin \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Pieonte b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in Piedmont ovalar\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n b)Da\u011f i\u00e7i-\u00c7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ovalar\u0131: Graben ve da\u011f i\u00e7lerinde olu\u015fan ve \u00e7\u00f6kmeyle birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ovalard\u0131r. Ege ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da fazlad\u0131r. Gediz, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes,Bolu, Amik,mu\u015f ve Erzincan ovalar\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n c)Taban Seviyesi: A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi alanlarda al\u00fcvyonlar\u0131n geni\u015f bir alana birikmesiyle olu\u015fan ovalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n d)Deltalar: Akarsuyun ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemenin denize biriktirilmesiyle olu\u015fan Deltaya benzer ovalard\u0131r. Olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n 1.Akarsuyun belli bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n 2.Y\u00fck miktar\u0131n\u0131 fazla olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n 3.Denizin derin olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n 4.Gel-Git genli\u011finin az olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n 5.G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n 6.Dalgalar etkili olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fartlar\u0131n meydana gelmesi durumunda delta ovalar\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n NOT: Sakarya\u2019n\u0131n denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 delta olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n NOT: \u00dclkemizde Gel-Gitin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na en g\u00fczel kan\u0131t \u00fclkemizde Delta ovalar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n HEM A\u015eINIM HEM B\u0130R\u0130K\u0130M \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.SEK\u0130: Akarsuyun a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma faaliyetinin bitmesi durumun da yata\u011f\u0131nda akmaya devam eden akarsuyun yata\u011f\u0131nda belli bir zaman sonra tekrar bir y\u00fckselme meydana gelmesi sonucunda olu\u015fan basamakl\u0131 yap\u0131ya denir.<\/p>\n 2.MENDERES: Akarsuyun genelde birikim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakat y\u0131lana benzer b\u00fckl\u00fcm yapmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u00e7arpt\u0131klar\u0131 yerde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 malzemeleri di\u011fer taraflara biriktirmesiyle olu\u015fan b\u00fckl\u00fcmlerdir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Akarsu genel olarak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve biriktireme faaliyeti yaparlar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hepsi bir co\u011frafyada oldu\u011fu gibi farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda da olabilir. Bu \u015fekillendirici etkiler ise; 1)A\u015eINDIRMA A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma iki \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. a)Kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma: Akarsular\u0131n yatak i\u00e7indeki kolay a\u015f\u0131nabilen kaya\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Erime olay\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak en fazla Ekvator\u00a0 ve Orta ku\u015fakta yaz\u0131n olur. b)Mekanik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclme: Akarsular\u0131n … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7],"tags":[251,981,980,979],"class_list":["post-3191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","category-dn","tag-akarsularda-asindirma","tag-asindirma-sekilleri","tag-menderes","tag-seki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}