{"id":3040,"date":"2011-11-05T21:25:09","date_gmt":"2011-11-05T19:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=3040"},"modified":"2020-04-26T11:15:11","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T08:15:11","slug":"tanzimat-fermaninin-amaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tanzimat-fermaninin-amaci.html","title":{"rendered":"Tanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>3 Kas\u0131m 1839 g\u00fcn\u00fc Saray m\u00fc\u015ftemilat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan G\u00fclhane bah\u00e7esinde okunan bir Hatt-\u0131 \u015eerif (Padi\u015fah Yaz\u0131s\u0131) ile Tanzimat-\u0131 Hayriye (Hay\u0131rl\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler) il\u00e2n edildi. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin en \u00f6nemli belgelerinden biri olan bu metin, okundu\u011fu yerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc G\u00fclhane Ferm\u00e2n\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Tanzimat Ferm\u00e2n\u0131 ad\u0131yla da an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 sayfal\u0131k bir metin olan ferm\u00e2nda, devletin bir gerileme d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, ama yap\u0131lacak yeniliklerle ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak yeni yasalarla (kavanin-i cedide) bu durumdan kurtulunaca\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcjdelenmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra din ve mezhep ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 ahalisinin can ve mal ve &#8220;\u0131rz-\u00fc namus&#8221; g\u00fcvenli\u011finin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011fi, Kur&#8217;an ve \u015feriate dayanarak ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Haks\u0131z ve dengesiz vergilerin zarar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilerek herkesten &#8220;emlak ve kudretine g\u00f6re&#8221; vergi al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, asker alman\u0131n n\u00fcfusla orant\u0131l\u0131 ve azami &#8220;d\u00f6rt veyahut be\u015f sene m\u00fcddet&#8221;le s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, kimsenin yarg\u0131s\u0131z idam edilmeyece\u011fi ve mal\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcsadere edilmeyece\u011fi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete s\u0131n\u0131r getirilmeyece\u011fi, Meclis-i Ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 Adliye&#8217;nin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilece\u011fi, v\u00fckelan\u0131n serbest\u00e7e s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemesine s\u0131n\u0131r getirilmeyece\u011fi, yeni Ceza kanunnamesi d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, memurin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adalete uygun olarak d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, r\u00fc\u015fvetin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yasalarla \u00f6nlenece\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Fikir ve yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ferman, Frans\u0131z Devrimi&#8217;nin \u0130nsan ve Vatanda\u015f Haklar\u0131 bildirgesinden esinlenmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 hukuku tarihinde ilk kez vatanda\u015fl\u0131k kavram\u0131 ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan do\u011fan haklar tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, bu haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 i\u015fler say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Tanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131n \u0130lan Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-check\">\n<li>M\u0131s\u0131r Valisi Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa meselesinde Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n deste\u011fini almak<\/li>\n<li>Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek<\/li>\n<li>Frans\u0131z \u0130htilalinin milliyet\u00e7ilik etkisini azaltmak<\/li>\n<li>Gayri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmleri devlete ba\u011flamak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu fermanla devlet kendisini yenilemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fermanda yer alan ba\u015fl\u0131ca konular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"bs-shortcode-list list-style-asterisk\">\n<li>T\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131n can, mal ve namus g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Yarg\u0131lamada a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, (hi\u00e7 kimse yarg\u0131lanmadan idam edilemeyecek (hukuk devleti \u00f6zelli\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131r))<\/li>\n<li>Vergide adalet,<\/li>\n<li>Erkeklere d\u00f6rt y\u0131l mecburi askerlik,<\/li>\n<li>R\u00fc\u015fvetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Herkesin mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcne sahip olmas\u0131, bunu miras olarak b\u0131rakabilmesi.(\u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. M\u00fcsadere kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>Bu ferman sayesinde padi\u015fahlar\u0131n yetkileri meclislere ya da ki\u015filere devredilmi\u015ftir. Buradaki ama\u00e7, iktidar\u0131 saraydan al\u0131p b\u00fcrokrasiye vermek ve devlet y\u00f6netiminde merkezile\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamakt\u0131. Fermanda verilen b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zlerin tamamen yerine getirilememesine ra\u011fmen bu \u00e7abalar, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmaya ve cumhuriyet fikrine \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tanzimat Ferman\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n okunmas\u0131ndan I. Me\u015frutiyet&#8217;in ilan\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nem, Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!-- google_ad_section_end --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3 Kas\u0131m 1839 g\u00fcn\u00fc Saray m\u00fc\u015ftemilat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan G\u00fclhane bah\u00e7esinde okunan bir Hatt-\u0131 \u015eerif (Padi\u015fah Yaz\u0131s\u0131) ile Tanzimat-\u0131 Hayriye (Hay\u0131rl\u0131 D\u00fczenlemeler) il\u00e2n edildi. Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin en \u00f6nemli belgelerinden biri olan bu metin, okundu\u011fu yerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc G\u00fclhane Ferm\u00e2n\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Tanzimat Ferm\u00e2n\u0131 ad\u0131yla da an\u0131l\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 sayfal\u0131k bir metin olan ferm\u00e2nda, devletin bir &#8230; <a title=\"Tanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tanzimat-fermaninin-amaci.html\" aria-label=\"More on Tanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,14,20],"tags":[838],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3040"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3040\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}