{"id":248,"date":"2009-01-01T20:39:27","date_gmt":"2009-01-01T18:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=248"},"modified":"2009-01-01T20:39:27","modified_gmt":"2009-01-01T18:39:27","slug":"ahlatsahlar-ermensahlar-sokmenliler-beyligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/ahlatsahlar-ermensahlar-sokmenliler-beyligi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ahlat\u015fahlar (Ermen\u015fahlar, S\u00f6kmenliler) Beyli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahlat\u015fahlar (Ermen\u015fahlar, S\u00f6kmenliler) Beyli\u011fi<\/strong><\/span>
\nVan G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131 s\u00e2hilinde bulunan Ahlat\u2019ta, 12. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan bir T\u00fcrk devleti. 1100 senesinde S\u00f6kmen el-Kutb\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. 1207 senesinde Ahlat \u015fehrine Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler’in davet edilmesiyle son buldu. Ahlat\u2019ta kurulan bu devlete Ahlat\u015fahlar ve Ermen\u015fahlar denildi\u011fi gibi, kurucusu olan S\u00f6kmen\u2019den dolay\u0131, S\u00f6kmenliler de denilmektedir.
\nS\u00f6kmen (S\u00f6kmen-I), B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Melik\u015f\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n amcas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu Kutbedd\u00een \u0130sm\u00e2il\u2019in k\u00f6lesiydi. Bu y\u00fczden S\u00f6kmen el-Kutb\u00ee diye tan\u0131nd\u0131. Kendisini yeti\u015ftirip, Muhammed Tapar\u2019\u0131n kumandanlar\u0131ndan oldu. Adaleti ve iyili\u011fiyle \u015f\u00f6hret kazanan S\u00f6kmen, Merv\u00e2n\u00eelerin Ahlat Em\u00eeri halka k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131nca, bu \u015fehre \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131 ve ordusuyla o s\u0131ralarda Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun en kalabal\u0131k ve m\u00fcstahkem bir \u015fehri olan Ahlat\u2019a geldi. Sava\u015fmadan \u015fehri teslim ald\u0131. O zamanlar \u00c2zerbaycan ve Arran (Karaba\u011f) mel\u00eeki olan Muhammed Tapar, bu hizmetlerinden dolay\u0131 Ahlat ve Van \u00e7evresine, S\u00f6kmen\u2019i vali tayin etti. B\u00f6ylece 1100 (H.494) senesinde, Ahlat\u015fahlar Devletinin temeli at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Gittik\u00e7e kuvvetlenen S\u00f6kmen, Meyy\u00e2f\u00e2rik\u00een’i (Silvan) topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131. 1109\u2019da, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, Sultan Muhammed Tapar\u2019\u0131n te\u015fkil etti\u011fi ittifaka kat\u0131ld\u0131. Musul Em\u00eeri Mevd\u00fbd ve Artuklu Em\u00eeri \u0130lg\u00e2zi ile birlikte, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n elinde bulunan Urfa\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131lar. Urfa Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 iki ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara yard\u0131m geldi\u011fini g\u00f6ren T\u00fcrk m\u00fcttefik kuvveti, muhasaray\u0131 kald\u0131rarak, Harran\u2019a do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekildi. \u0130ki ay s\u00fcren muhasarada T\u00fcrk askeri, epey zayiat vermi\u015f ve yorulmu\u015ftu. Askerlerini daha fazla zayi etmek istemeyen m\u00fcttefikler, \u00e7ekilmeyi daha uygun buldular.<\/p>\n

Sultan Muhammed Tapar, 1111 senesinde Musul Em\u00eeri Mevd\u00fbd komutas\u0131nda bir orduyu, Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirdi. Hasta olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, S\u00f6kmen de askerleriyle birlikte bu orduda yer ald\u0131. Fakat, 1112 senesinde, ordu, Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, vefat etti. S\u00f6kmen\u2019in cenazesi, askerleri taraf\u0131ndan Ahlat\u2019a >\u00fcr\u00fclerek defnedildi. Onun zaman\u0131nda, S\u00f6kmenli Beyli\u011fi, ba\u015f\u015fehir Ahlat olmak \u00fczere Malazgirt, Erci\u015f, Adilcevaz, Ele\u015fkirt, Van, Tatvan, Erzen, Bitlis, Mu\u015f, Hani, Meyy\u00e2f\u00e2rik\u00een (Silvan) ve Bargiri \u015fehirlerini elinde bulunduruyordu. S\u00f6kmen\u2019den sonra; beyli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na, o\u011flu \u0130brahim, onun vefat\u0131ndan sonra di\u011fer o\u011flu Ahmed, Ahmed\u2019den sonra \u0130kinci S\u00f6kmen ge\u00e7ti (1128).<\/p>\n

S\u00f6kmenli (Ahlat\u015fahlar) Beyli\u011fi, \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemi hari\u00e7, \u0130kinci S\u00f6kmen Bey zaman\u0131nda en iyi devresini ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een-i Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee, 1174 senesinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ederek, Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee Devleti’ni kurdu. \u00dclkesini geni\u015fleten Sel\u00e2hadd\u00een Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019yu da topraklar\u0131na katmak istiyordu. 10 Temmuz 1185’te vefat eden \u0130kinci S\u00f6kmen\u2019den sonra tahta ge\u00e7ecek bir kimsenin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Selahaddin Eyyub\u00ee\u2019ye arzusunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi. Amcas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flunu, bir ordu ile Ahlat \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderdi. Fakat, S\u00f6kmenlilerin dirayet ve kuvvet sahibi beyi Seyfeddin Begtimur, duruma hakim olarak taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Yedi senelik bir iktidardan sonra, 1193 y\u0131l\u0131nda damad\u0131 Aksungur taraf\u0131ndan tahttan indirildi. Aksungur, kay\u0131npederinin yerini ald\u0131 ve kay\u0131nbiraderini hapsetti. 1197 senesinde \u00f6len Aksungur\u2019un yerine, S\u00f6kmen\u2019in k\u00f6lesi Atabeg Kutlu\u011f ge\u00e7ti. Yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir saltanattan sonra, halk taraf\u0131ndan tahttan indirildi. Yerine Begtimur\u2019un o\u011flu Muhammed ge\u00e7tiyse de, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc durmad\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, Erzurum melikinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla atlat\u0131labildi. Beyler aras\u0131nda kavga devam etti. Halk\u0131n davet etmesi \u00fczerine, Necmeddin Eyy\u00fbb\u00ee, 1207 senesinde Ahlat\u2019a geldi ve \u015fehri teslim alarak, S\u00f6kmenliler Devletine son verdi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet: Her T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m devleti gibi, \u00fclkelerin tamiri ve insanlar\u0131n madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee refaha ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gaye edinen S\u00f6kmenliler (Ahlat\u015fahlar) de, belde halk\u0131n\u0131 huzura kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ellerinden gelen gayreti g\u00f6sterdiler. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesi ve \u00e7evresindeki devlet b\u00fcy\u00fckleri, \u015fanlar\u0131na yara\u015f\u0131r eserlerle beldelerini s\u00fcslediler. Ahlat, Bitlis, Mu\u015f gibi, hakimiyet sahalar\u0131na giren \u015fehirlerde, camiler, hastaneler, hamamlar, k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve medreseler yapt\u0131rarak, halk\u0131n sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u015eehirlerin kale ve surlar\u0131n\u0131 tamirle de, savunma tedbirleri ald\u0131lar. Emirlerinde bulunan insanlar\u0131n e\u011fitimine \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdiler. Onlar\u0131n, dinlerini en iyi \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmelerini temin i\u00e7in, \u00fcst\u00fcn vas\u0131flara sahip din adam\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren medreseler a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Dervi\u015f g\u00e2ziler i\u00e7in derg\u00e2hlar a\u00e7\u0131p, h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n

Topraklar\u0131n en iyi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in, zira\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ehemmiyet verdiler. Elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn ve temin edilen huzurla, insanlar refah i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Sa\u011flanan refah sayesinde, k\u00fclt\u00fcr faaliyetleri h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ahlat\u2019ta yeti\u015fen \u00e2limler ve sanatk\u00e2rlar, \u00e7evre memleketlere yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u0130lmiyle \u00e2mil \u00e2limlerin ve m\u00fccahid g\u00e2zilerin yurdu olarak tan\u0131nan Ahlat, Kubbet-\u00fcl-\u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ahlat\u2019tan, Safiy\u00fcdd\u00een Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Berek\u00e2t, \u015eeyh M\u00fc\u2019min ed-Dar\u00eer, Yahy\u00e2 bin Ahmed Hud\u00e2-d\u00e2d, Muhammed bin Melik-d\u00e2d gibi \u00e2limler yeti\u015fti. Konya Al\u00e2eddin Camiinin mimar\u0131 Hac\u0131 el-Ahl\u00e2t\u00ee, Tercan\u2019da Mama Hatun t\u00fcrbe ve kervansaray\u0131n\u0131n mimar\u0131 Mufaddal el-Ahl\u00e2t\u00ee ve Divri\u011fi D\u00e2r\u00fc\u015f\u015fif\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n mimar\u0131 Hurrem\u015f\u00e2h el-Ahl\u00e2t\u00ee gibi sanatk\u00e2rlar, Ahlat\u2019ta meydana gelen k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet muhitinde yeti\u015ftiler. Yine Ahlatl\u0131 kimyager \u0130brahim bin Abdullah da boyac\u0131l\u0131kta, bilhassa l\u00e2civert imalinde mahir, t\u0131p ve ba\u015fka ilimlerde me\u015fhurdu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan olan Ahlatl\u0131lar, Van-Tatvan-Vastan limanlar\u0131 ile Ahlat-Erci\u015f aras\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck gemiler \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ticaret yapt\u0131lar. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’nde acemiliklerini \u00e7\u0131karan Ahlatl\u0131 gemiciler, Karadeniz\u2019de de ticar\u00ee faaliyetlere giri\u015ftiler. Tebriz\u2019den gelen ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan Ahlat, iki milyon alt\u0131n vergi tahsil edebilecek bir \u015fehir h\u00e2line geldi. Ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde, hanlar ve kervansaraylar yapt\u0131ran Ahlat\u015fahlar, t\u00fcccarlara kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Buran\u0131n sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131, demircilik ve \u00e7ilingirlikle me\u015fgul oldular. Ayr\u0131ca, Ahlat civar\u0131ndaki kuyulardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131> k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve sar\u0131 renkli arsenik, kom\u015fu memleketlere ihra\u00e7 edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ahlat\u015fahlar (Ermen\u015fahlar, S\u00f6kmenliler) Beyli\u011fi Van G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131 s\u00e2hilinde bulunan Ahlat\u2019ta, 12. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan bir T\u00fcrk devleti. 1100 senesinde S\u00f6kmen el-Kutb\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. 1207 senesinde Ahlat \u015fehrine Eyy\u00fbb\u00eeler’in davet edilmesiyle son buldu. Ahlat\u2019ta kurulan bu devlete Ahlat\u015fahlar ve Ermen\u015fahlar denildi\u011fi gibi, kurucusu olan S\u00f6kmen\u2019den dolay\u0131, S\u00f6kmenliler de denilmektedir. S\u00f6kmen (S\u00f6kmen-I), B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 Melik\u015f\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[50,70,48,49],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}