{"id":2297,"date":"2010-11-28T21:33:41","date_gmt":"2010-11-28T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=2297"},"modified":"2021-11-27T11:33:24","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:33:24","slug":"cumhuriyet-edebiyati-genel-ozellikler-akimlar-sairler-yazarlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/cumhuriyet-edebiyati-genel-ozellikler-akimlar-sairler-yazarlar.html","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet Edebiyat\u0131 Genel \u00d6zellikler-Ak\u0131mlar-\u015eairler-Yazarlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

* Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Serbest \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Dilde sadele\u015fme hareketi ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi esas al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z \u0130stanbul ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tekelinden kurtulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu’dan ayd\u0131n yeti\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Romanda ve hik\u00e2yede halk ger\u00e7ekleri tamamen yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n* Uluslar aras\u0131 d\u00fczeyde sanat\u00e7\u0131 yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n* Tiyatro ve deneme alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\n* Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren farkl\u0131 edebi topluluklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

BE\u015e HECEC\u0130LER
\n<\/strong>* Hecenin be\u015f \u015fairi ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lan bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar milli edebiyat ak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015f ve \u015fiirlerinde hece veznini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* \u015eiirde sade ve \u00f6zentisiz olmay\u0131 ve s\u00fcsten uzak olmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir.
\n* Be\u015f hececiler \u015fiire birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ve milli m\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* Be\u015f hececiler ilk \u015fiirlerinde aruz veznini kullanm\u0131\u015flar daha sonra heceye ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.
\n* \u015eiirde memleket sevgisi, yurdun g\u00fczellikleri, kahramanl\u0131klar ve yi\u011fitlik gibi temalar\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015flerdir.
\n* Hece vezni ile serbest m\u00fcstezat yazmay\u0131 da denediler.
\n* M\u0131sra k\u00fcmelerinde d\u00f6rtl\u00fck esas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmad\u0131lar yeni yeni bi\u00e7imler arad\u0131lar.
\n* Nesir c\u00fcmlesini \u015fiire aktard\u0131lar ve d\u00fczyaz\u0131daki s\u00f6z dizimini \u015fiirlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi be\u015f hececiler de \u00e7ok rastlanan bir \u00f6zelliktir.
\n* Be\u015f hececiler \u015fu sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur:
\nFaruk Nafiz \u00c7aml\u0131bel, Yusuf Ziya Orta\u00e7, Enis Behi\u00e7 Kory\u00fcrek, Halit Fahri Ozansoy, Orhan Seyfi Orhon<\/p>\n

YED\u0130 ME\u015eALEC\u0130LER
\n<\/strong>* 1928’de kurulmu\u015ftur.
\n* Heceyi geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* “Canl\u0131l\u0131k, samimiyet ve daima yenilik” slogan\u0131yla hareket etmi\u015flerdir.
\n* Varlaine, Mallerma gibi Frans\u0131z \u015fairleri \u00f6rnek alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* Anadolu’yu yurtseverlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla anlatmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir; ancak pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* Bunlar: Sabri Esat Siyavu\u015fgil, Ziya Osman Saba, Ya\u015far Nabi Nay\u0131r, Muammer L\u00fctfi, Vasfi Mahir Kocat\u00fcrk, Cevdet Kudret, Kenan Hulusi Koray.<\/p>\n

GAR\u0130P\u00c7\u0130LER ( I. YEN\u0130C\u0130LER )
\n<\/strong>* Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n belki de b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en farkl\u0131 gurubu olarak edebiyat tarihinde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* 1940 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Orhan Veli, Oktay R\u0131fat Horozcu, Melih Cevdet Anday ortakla\u015fa “Garip” dergisini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bu ak\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n* \u015eiirde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve kafiye gereksizdir.
\n* \u015eiir fikirleri a\u015f\u0131lamak i\u015fin kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131.
\n* \u015eiirde anlam d\u00fcz verilmeli.
\n* Her konu \u015fiire girebilmeli
\n* Her insan \u015fiirin konusu olabilmeli.
\n* \u015eiirde s\u00f6z ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131, laf cambazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gerek yoktur.
\n* \u015eiirde \u00f6nemli olan b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fczelli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Garip Ak\u0131m\u0131 hak\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.
\nMAV\u0130C\u0130LER
\n* Atilla \u0130lhan’\u0131n 1952-1956 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 derginin ad\u0131 olan “MAV\u0130” nin etraf\u0131nda toplanan Orhan Duru, Ferit Edg\u00fc gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu guruptur.Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, Garip Ak\u0131m\u0131’na ve Orhan Veli’ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u015fairane bir sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi olmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

*Daha sonra mavi dergisi \u00d6zdemir Nutku’nun y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ti ve Atilla \u0130lhan’\u0131n savundu\u011fu toplumsal ge\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin (sosyal realizm) s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu.Dergi Nisan 1956’da \u00e7\u0131kan 36. say\u0131dan sonra (son mavi) kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

* Garip ak\u0131m\u0131na tepki olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* \u015eiirin basit olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zengin benzetmeli, i\u00e7li, derin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca bkz.>>> Mavi Hareketi<\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 YEN\u0130C\u0130LER
\n<\/strong>* 1950’lerde “Garip” ak\u0131m\u0131na tepki olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* \u015eiirin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc basitli\u011fe son vermek amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n* Cemal S\u00fcreyya, \u0130lhan Berk, Edip Cansever, Turgut Uyar, Ece Ayhan, \u00dclk\u00fc Tamer,Sezai Karako\u00e7 bu ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleridir.
\n* S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin anlam\u0131 de\u011fil s\u00f6yleni\u015fi \u00f6nemlidir.
\n* Her \u015fey insanla ba\u015flar insanla biter.
\n* \u015eiirin kendine g\u00f6re bir dili olmal\u0131.
\n* \u015eiir di\u011fer edebi t\u00fcrlerden kesin \u00e7izgilerle ayr\u0131lmal\u0131.
\n* \u00d6nemli olan kelimelerin anlamlar\u0131 de\u011fil, \u015fairin ona y\u00fckledi\u011fi anlamlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130 EDEB\u0130YATI GENEL A\u00c7IKLAMA
\n<\/strong>Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flar do\u011frultusunda geli\u015fmesini ba\u015far\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda “Be\u015f Hececiler” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015fairler toplulu\u011fu, en parlak d\u00f6nemlerini ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Yine bu y\u0131llarda Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n etkisiyle edebiyatta genel olarak Anadolu’ya bir y\u00f6nelim ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zelliklerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n

1- Yaz\u0131 diliyle konu\u015fma dili aras\u0131ndaki fark ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f dildeki sadele\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 aral\u0131ks\u0131z olarak s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

2- Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z bu d\u00f6nemde toplumcu bir karakter kazanm\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir anlay\u0131\u015f g\u00fcd\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

3- Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yerini hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f, \u015fiirlerde de g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fma dili kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fiirin bi\u00e7imce daha da serbestle\u015fmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4- \u015eiir, roman, hikaye ve tiyatro gibi t\u00fcrlerde \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

5- Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fuyla 1940 (\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda eser veren \u015fair ve yazarlar genellikle daha \u00f6nceki Milli Edebiyat ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde tam anlam\u0131yla “yerli” ve “halka do\u011fru” ; veya Bat\u0131’n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde ki\u015fisel yollar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Yine bu d\u00f6nemde (1928) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan “Yedi Me\u015faleciler”, “Be\u015f Hececiler” ger\u00e7eklere dayanmayan “memleket edebiyat\u0131” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip olmakla su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 “canl\u0131, samimim ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmak” \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. “Yedi Me\u015faleciler” ad\u0131n\u0131 almalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ise “Yedi Me\u015fale” adl\u0131 derginin etraf\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve bu adla ortak bir yap\u0131t yay\u0131nlamalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar \u015funlard\u0131 (Yedi Me\u015faleciler):<\/p>\n

Vasfi Mahir KOCAT\u00dcRK
\nZiya Osman SABA
\nSabri Esat S\u0130YAVU\u015eG\u0130L
\nCevdet Kudret SOLOK
\nYa\u015far Nabi NAYIR
\nKenan Hulusi KORAY
\nMuammer L\u00fctfi BAH\u015e\u0130<\/p>\n

1940 SONRASI EDEB\u0130YATI
\n<\/strong>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda “insan”, “ya\u015fam” ve “d\u00fcnya” aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir olmay\u0131 gerektirir; yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri; sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7ar.
\nHikaye, roman ve tiyatro eserlerinde “yurt” ve “k\u00f6y” sorunlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelim ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Orhan Veli Kan\u0131k, Melik Cevdet Anday, Oktay R\u0131fat Horozcu, “Garip” adl\u0131 bir \u015fiir kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlayarak yeni bir hareketi ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Buna “I. YEN\u0130 \u015e\u0130\u0130R HAREKET\u0130” ad\u0131 verildi. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131, \u015fiirde i\u00e7 ahengi yakalamt\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f ahenk \u00f6gesi olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve uya\u011fa \u00f6nem vermezler. S\u00f6z sanatlar\u0131n \u015fiir i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 bulmu\u015flar ve \u015fiirin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7alt\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. “\u015eiir halka seslenmelidir” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta olan her \u015feyi \u015fiire konu olarak alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha sonralar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve “\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 YEN\u0130LER” ad\u0131 verilen \u015fairler ise “\u015fiir i\u00e7in sanat ” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanan, s\u00fcrrealizmden daha a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir soyutlama anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: \u0130lhan Berk, Turgut Uyar, Edip Cansever, Cemal S\u00fcreya, Ece Ayhan.<\/p>\n

1940’tan Sonraki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda Roman ve Hikayede Sosyal (toplumsal)Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iler:
\nBu ak\u0131m ; bir meseleyi, bir derdi ortaya koyarak, topluma faydal\u0131 olmak istiyordu. \u0130lk \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, Anadolu k\u00f6y romanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Konular\u0131: i\u015f\u00e7i-\u0131rgat hayat\u0131,s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131,grev-lokavt gibi durumlar, toprak-su kavgalar\u0131…<\/p>\n

Toplumsal Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iler
\n\u00d6nemli Temsilcileri:<\/p>\n

Kemal Tahir: Konular\u0131n\u0131 cezaevi ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131ndan , Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan, e\u015fk\u0131ya menk\u0131belerinden ald\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek bir Anadolu roman\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.
\nEserleri: Roman:Yorgun Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131,Devlet Ana …
\nOrhan Kemal: Hayat\u0131na girmi\u015f y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin kader ve direni\u015flerini yazd\u0131. S\u00fcr\u00fckleyicilik,tabiilik, ger\u00e7eklik eserlerinin \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.
\nEserleri :Roman: Murtaza, Han\u0131m\u0131n \u00c7iftli\u011fi…Tiyatro:72.Ko\u011fu\u015f…<\/p>\n

Ya\u015far Kemal: Genellikle \u00c7ukurova insan\u0131n\u0131n hayat sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiirli bir dille yazd\u0131. Tezli roman\u0131 savunur. Folklor unsurlar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc do\u011fa tasvirleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nEserleri: Roman:\u0130nce Memet, Yer Demir G\u00f6k Bak\u0131r, Teneke…<\/p>\n

Fakir Baykurt: \u0130\u00e7inde do\u011fup yeti\u015fti\u011fi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nEserleri: Roman: Y\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00d6c\u00fc, T\u0131rpan, Kara Ahmet Destan\u0131…Hikaye: Can Paras\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayc\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z>>> Toplumcu Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i Edebiyat\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri nedir?<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Yazarlar:
\nHalikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131(Cevdet \u015eakir Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131): Konular\u0131n\u0131 daima Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.; bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, s\u00fcnger avcilar\u0131n\u0131…i\u015fledi.
\nEserleri: Hikaye: Merhaba Akdeniz…
\nHaldun Taner: G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zlem, mizah ve yergiden alan hikayeleriyle tan\u0131nd\u0131. Epik tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eserler verdi.
\nEserleri: Hikaye: \u015ei\u015fhane’ye Ya\u011fmur ya\u011f\u0131yordu, On \u0130kiye Bir Var…Tiyatro:Ke\u015fanl\u0131 Ali Destan\u0131, Sersem Kocan\u0131n Kurnaz Kocas\u0131…
\nTar\u0131k Bu\u011fra: Tek adam\u0131n dengesiz, bazen alayc\u0131, bazen ac\u0131l\u0131 tedirginli\u011fini ele al\u0131r.
\nEserleri:Roman:K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck A\u011fa , \u0130bi\u015fin R\u00fcyas\u0131…<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Yazarlar:
\n<\/strong>Samet A\u011fao\u011flu
\nOktay Akbal
\nSelim \u0130leri
\nCengiz Da\u011fc\u0131
\nF\u00fcruzan
\nOrhan Pamuk<\/p>\n

Tiyatro:
\n<\/strong>Vedat Nedim T\u00f6r (K\u00f6r)
\nTurgut \u00d6zakman (Duvarlar\u0131n \u00f6tesi, Sar\u0131 P\u0131nar)
\nG\u00fcng\u00f6r Dilmen (Midas’\u0131n Kulaklar\u0131 )
\nSermet \u00c7a\u011fan (Ayak Bacak Fabrikas\u0131)
\nCevat Fehmi Ba\u015fkut (Paydos, Buzlar \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden, Harputta Bir Amerikal\u0131)<\/p>\n

Deneme ve Ele\u015ftiri:
\n<\/strong>Nurullah Ata\u00e7 : Deneme, ele\u015ftiri yazd\u0131. \u00c7eviriler yapt\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin \u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in y\u0131lmadan sava\u015ft\u0131. Yeni bir dil ve anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imi yaratt\u0131.
\nEserleri:G\u00fcnlerin Getirdi\u011fi, Okuruma Mektuplar…<\/p>\n

\"Enhanced
\n