{"id":2231,"date":"2010-11-10T20:08:43","date_gmt":"2010-11-10T18:08:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=2231"},"modified":"2021-11-27T11:58:54","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:58:54","slug":"tanzimat-edebiyatinda-tiyatro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tanzimat-edebiyatinda-tiyatro.html","title":{"rendered":"Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131nda Tiyatro"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk Tiyatrosunun Genel \u00d6zellikleri
\n-Tanzimat edebiyat\u0131 ile edebiyat\u0131m\u0131za giren tiyatro, t\u0131pk\u0131 Tanzimat roman\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi tarihi ve sosyal konular\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015ftir.
\n-Bu d\u00f6nem tiyatro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 telif, terc\u00fcme ve adaptasyon olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gurupta toplanabilir.
\n-Daha ziyade komedi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve oynanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n-Tiyatro eserlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 birlik kural\u0131na uyulur. Ancak Tanzimat’\u0131n ikinci d\u00f6neminde Abd\u00fclhak Hamit’in tiyatrolar\u0131 bu yarg\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\n-Tiyatro eserlerinde iyiler \u00e7ok iyi, k\u00f6t\u00fcler \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eserler, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctle biter. \u0130yiler \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilir, k\u00f6t\u00fcler cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
\n-Bu d\u00f6nem tiyatrosu Bat\u0131 tiyatrosunun etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Shakespeare ve Moliere, tiyatro yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n taklit ettikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalard\u0131r.
\nTiyatro<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrkler sahne gereksinimlerini Tanzimat d\u00f6nemine kadar Meddah, Karag\u00f6z ve Orta Oyunu ile kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ne taklide dayanan Meddah ne \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 perde \u00fczerine yans\u0131t\u0131larak hik\u00e2yesi canland\u0131r\u0131lan Karag\u00f6z ne de olay\u0131 ki\u015filer arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla halk aras\u0131nda temsil eden Orta Oyunu, bug\u00fcn tiyatro ad\u0131na verdi\u011fimiz seyirlik edebiyat t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015fa uygun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern tiyatro, edebiyat\u0131m\u0131za Tanzimat’tan sonra girmi\u015ftir. Tanzimat’\u0131n daha ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda tiyatro binalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nceleri rakipsiz y\u0131llar\u0131nda tiyatro binalar\u0131 ve gruplar\u0131 zamanla yerlerini yerli topluluklara b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re tiyatronun seyircisi Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir gruptan ibarettir. Bunun yan\u0131nda pahal\u0131 bir e\u011flence olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n sahneye \u00e7\u0131kamamas\u0131 gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrk tiyatrosu k\u0131sa zamanda geli\u015fememi\u015f, uzun s\u00fcre sanat\u00e7\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini benimsemi\u015f olan Ermeni az\u0131nl\u0131ktan yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sahneye Afife Jale 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131 olarak ilk kez “Yamalar” oyununda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lk tiyatrolar, \u0130talyan ve Frans\u0131z giri\u015fimciler taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Hoca Naum, Hask\u00f6y, \u015eark ve Ortak\u00f6y tiyatrolar\u0131 ilk yerli tiyatrolard\u0131r. Daha sonra ilk ciddi tiyatro 1867’de kurulan yar\u0131 resmi Osmanl\u0131 Tiyatrosu’dur.
\nUzun s\u00fcre hizmet veren Osmanl\u0131 Tiyatrosu, Ahmet Mithat’\u0131n, \u00c7erkez \u00d6zdenler adl\u0131 dram\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyet duygular\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bahanesiyle 1884’te II. Abd\u00fclhamit taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBas\u0131l\u0131 ilk tiyatro eserimiz, \u0130brahim \u015einasi’nin 1859’da yaz\u0131p 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Ahval’de tefrika etti\u011fi \u015eair Evlenmesi’dir. 1859’dan \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lan \u0130skerle\u00e7 ad\u0131nda bir yazara ait olan Vakayi-i Acibe ve Havadis-i Garibe-i Ke\u015fger Ahmet (Pabu\u00e7\u00e7u Ahmet’in Garip Vak’alar ve Maceralar\u0131) adl\u0131 eser ile Hayrullah Efendi’nin Hik\u00e2ye-i \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa ve \u0130brahim-i G\u00fcl\u015feni adl\u0131 eseri 1859’dan sonra bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e piyes olarak kabul edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Nam\u0131k Kemal, tiyatroda e\u011flence ile toplumsal yarar\u0131 birle\u015ftirir. Vatan yahut Silistre (1873) Cel\u00e2lettin Harzem\u015fah (1881) oyunlar\u0131nda tarihsel konular\u0131, G\u00fclnihal (1875), Zavall\u0131 \u00c7ocuk (1873) ve Akif Bey (1874) adl\u0131 oyunlar\u0131nda ise toplumsal konulan i\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa, terc\u00fcme ve adaptasyon tarz\u0131nda eserler vermi\u015ftir. Moliere’den \u00e7evirdi\u011fi ve Zor Nik\u00e2h, Zoraki Tabip ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye adapte edilmi\u015f eserleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ali Bey, Kokana Yat\u0131yor, Misafir-i \u0130stiskal gibi birer perdelik komedileri yan\u0131nda Moliere’den adapte etti\u011fi Ayyar Hamza ile tiyatromuza katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ebu-Ziya Tevfik, Ecel-i Kaza; \u015eemsettin Sami, Besa yahut Ahde Vefa, Gave, \u015eeydi Yahya adl\u0131 eserleri ile tiyatroya katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Ahmet Mithat Efendi de Eyvah adl\u0131 dram\u0131yla tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eser vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1870’ten sonraki piyes yazarlar\u0131ndan biri de Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem’dir. Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Atala ve Amerika Vah\u015fileri adl\u0131 eserlerinin, yaz\u0131lan ilk eser oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u00c7ok Bilen \u00c7ok Yan\u0131l\u0131r (1914) komedisi Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda tiyatronun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131r.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk Tiyatrosunun Genel \u00d6zellikleri -Tanzimat edebiyat\u0131 ile edebiyat\u0131m\u0131za giren tiyatro, t\u0131pk\u0131 Tanzimat roman\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi tarihi ve sosyal konular\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015ftir. -Bu d\u00f6nem tiyatro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 telif, terc\u00fcme ve adaptasyon olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gurupta toplanabilir. -Daha ziyade komedi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve oynanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. -Tiyatro eserlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 birlik kural\u0131na uyulur. Ancak Tanzimat’\u0131n ikinci d\u00f6neminde Abd\u00fclhak Hamit’in … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,224],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-edebiyat-dil-anlatim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2231\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}