{"id":2180,"date":"2010-11-01T21:13:06","date_gmt":"2010-11-01T19:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=2180"},"modified":"2021-11-26T23:08:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T20:08:57","slug":"tanzimat-donemi-edebiyatin-olusumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/tanzimat-donemi-edebiyatin-olusumu.html","title":{"rendered":"Tanzimat d\u00f6nemi edebiyat\u0131n olu\u015fumu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

TANZ\u0130MAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 EDEB\u0130YATIN OLU\u015eUMU<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/span>Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve siyasi hareketin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir edebi ak\u0131md\u0131r. 3 Kas\u0131m 1839’da Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan ilan edilen ve G\u00fclhane Hatt\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu da denilen yenile\u015fme berat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015f olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bu olay daha sonralar\u0131 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacak,gerek siyasi alanda gerek edebi ve gerekse toplumsal hayatta bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmenin resmi bir belgesi say\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Edebiyat Tarih\u00e7ilerimizde 1839 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Tanzimat edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edeceklerdir. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Amac\u0131, metot bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bat\u0131l\u0131, \u00f6z ve ruh bak\u0131m\u0131ndan milli bir edebiyat yaratmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk toplumundaki esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeleri , fikir ve yenilik hareketlerini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nem edebiyat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6nemde incelenir:<\/p>\n

a) Haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi (1839-1860) :Bu d\u00f6nem \u015fiirlerinde \u00fczerinde halk edebiyat\u0131 etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bat\u0131\u2019dan \u00e7eviriler dikkat \u00e7eker (Akif Pa\u015fa, Sadullah Pa\u015fa, M\u00fcfit Pa\u015fa, Yusuf Kamil Pa\u015fa d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli isimleridir)\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Frans\u0131z Edebiyat\u0131\u2019ndan \u015fiir, hikaye ve roman \u00e7evirilerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemidir. Divan Edebiyat\u0131 ile Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr<\/acronym>\u00fc gibidir.<\/p>\n

Devlet eliyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ilk T\u00fcrk gazetesi olan TAKV\u0130M-\u0130 VAKAY\u0130 bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Yusuf Kamil Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Fenelon\u2019dan \u00e7evirdi\u011fi Telemak ilk \u00e7eviri roman\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

b)1.D\u00f6nem Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 (1860-1877): 1860\u2019ta Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Ahval gazetesinin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar, 1877\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcrer. 1877\u2019de II.Abdulhamit\u2019in Me\u015frutiyet Meclisi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmas\u0131yla sona erer.<\/p>\n

c) 2.D\u00f6nem Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 (1877-1895): 1877\u2019den ba\u015flar, 1895 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 D\u00d6NEM TANZ\u0130MAT EDEB\u0130YATI \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\nI. D\u00f6nem Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 (1860-1877) \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u201dToplum i\u00e7in sanat\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir.Sanat, toplumun Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2. Eserlerin halk\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi sade bir dille yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3. Divan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcsl\u00fc-sanatl\u0131 d\u00fcz yaz\u0131s\u0131 yerine, belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi iletmeyi ama\u00e7layan yeni bir d\u00fczyaz\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; ilk kez noktalama i\u015fareti kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4. \u015eiirde yeni konular (yurt, ulus, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, insan haklar\u0131…)i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Bi\u00e7im bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Divan edebiyat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; gazel, kaside, murabba, terkib-i bend gibi naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n5. Tanzimat sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek alm\u0131\u015flar; klasisizmin ve romantizmin etkisinde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. * Klasizim (\u015einasi, Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa), romantizm (Nam\u0131k Kemal, Ahmet Mithat Efendi)
\n6. \u0130lk \u00f6rnekleri bu d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen roman, teknik y\u00f6nden zay\u0131f ve kusurludur. Romanlarda Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, aile sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00f6le ticareti gibi konular i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.
\n7. Tanzimat tiyatrosu, sahne dili ve tekni\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Tiyatro, halk\u0131 e\u011fitmek i\u00e7in bir okul gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n8. Tanzimat edebiyat\u0131, bat\u0131 etkisindeki T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk dura\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin ilk \u00f6rnekleri bu d\u00f6nemde verilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nem edebiyat\u0131 bir \u201cilk\u201dler edebiyat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 D\u00d6NEM TANZ\u0130MAT EDEB\u0130YATININ \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130
\nII. D\u00f6nem Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 (1877-1895) \u00d6zellikleri:
\nBu d\u00f6nemin, 1.Me\u015frutiyet Meclisi\u2019nin 1877\u2019de, Osmanl\u0131- Rus sava\u015f\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netimi vard\u0131r. Bu durum sanat ve edebiyat\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1. Bu d\u00f6nemde toplum sorunlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u2018sanat i\u00e7in sanat\u2019 ilkesi benimsenmi\u015ftir.
\n2 . Dilde sadele\u015fme \u00e7abas\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dil olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3. Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinde \u00fcr\u00fcnler verilmi\u015f, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar daha da ustala\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n4. \u015eiirin konusu geni\u015fletilmi\u015f, bireysel konulara d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca bi\u00e7imsel yenilikler getirilmi\u015ftir. Recaiz\u00e2de Mahmut Ekrem, \u00f6zellikle Abd\u00fclhak Hamit\u2019in eserlerinde bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n5. Romanda realizmin etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ilk realist roman bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Realizm ve nat\u00fcralizm bask\u0131n ak\u0131mlar olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.
\n6. Tiyatro \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f, sahne dil ve tekni\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z eserler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tiyatro eserleri oynanmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil okunmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TANZ\u0130MAT D\u00d6NEM\u0130 EDEB\u0130YATIN OLU\u015eUMU Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve siyasi hareketin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir edebi ak\u0131md\u0131r. 3 Kas\u0131m 1839’da Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan ilan edilen ve G\u00fclhane Hatt\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu da denilen yenile\u015fme berat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015f olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bu olay daha sonralar\u0131 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacak,gerek siyasi alanda gerek edebi ve gerekse toplumsal hayatta bat\u0131ya … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,224],"tags":[690,496,271],"class_list":["post-2180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-edebiyat-dil-anlatim","tag-divan","tag-namik-kemal","tag-turkey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2180\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}