TANZ\u0130MAT FERMANI
\n(TANZ\u0130MAT-I HAYR\u0130YE) (G\u00dcLHANE HATT-I H\u00dcMAYUNU) – 3 KASIM 1839
\nTanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131, Londra el\u00e7ili\u011finden D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen “Mustafa Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa” haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ferman, Topkap\u0131 saray\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fclhane bah\u00e7esinde, padi\u015fah, sadrazam, yabanc\u0131 devletlerin el\u00e7ileri, patrikler, b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet memurlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde “Mustafa Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa ” taraf\u0131ndan okunmu\u015ftur. Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bozulmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle Sultan II. Mahmud d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan yenilik hareketleri ve Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid’in tahta \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz \u0131slahat hareketine devam etmek amac\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesi Osmanl\u0131 Devlet yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Sadrazam Mustafa Re\u015fid Pasa, G\u00fclhane Hatt-\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu\u2019nu Padi\u015fah ad\u0131na kaleme alm\u0131\u015f; devlet ve birey aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde devletin modernle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131na dayanan temel ilkeler kabul ve ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lan\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri :
\n\u2022Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7i\u015flerimize kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek
\n\u2022Halk\u0131n sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131nda yenilikler yaparak \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak
\n\u2022M\u0131s\u0131r valisi M.Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 devletlerin deste\u011fini sa\u011flamak<\/p>\n
\u00d6nemi: Tanzimat ferman\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131lara ” Kanun ” g\u00fcc\u00fc girmi\u015f oluyordu. Ba\u015fka bir sonucu da, Tanzimat d\u00f6nemi ayd\u0131n tipini yeti\u015ftirerek e\u011fitimde vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ISLAHAT FERMANI ( 1856 )
\nTanzimat ferman\u0131 yeterli bulunmayarak, gayr-i M\u00fcslimlere daha fazla haklar\u0131n verilmesi i\u00e7in 1856’da yay\u0131nlanan ferman. G\u00fcl h\u00e2ne Halt-i h\u00fcm\u00e2y\u00fbnu gibi, imparatorlukta yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan yeni bir d\u00fczenin program ve prensiplerini i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Bu ferman es\u00e2s olarak Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini tekrarlayan, onlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ve geni\u015fleten bir fermand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I. ME\u015eRUT\u0130YET ( 23 Aral\u0131k 1876 ) (Kanun-i Esasi) ( \u0130lk anayasa )
\nTanzimat d\u00f6neminde, Avrupa ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde olan, Avrupa’y\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6ren ve onlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u00fczerine siyasi emellerini \u00f6\u011frenen bir ayd\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f yeti\u015fti. Bunlara “J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler” ya da “Gen\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131lar” denilmi\u015ftir. Mithat Pa\u015fa, Nam\u0131k Kemal, Ziya Pa\u015fa, Serasker H\u00fcseyin Avni Pa\u015fa \u00f6nemli temsilcileridir.<\/p>\n
\u2022Gen\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin kurtulu\u015funu i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan halka y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131 vermekle, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece halk y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lacak, kendisini temsil edecek, d\u0131\u015f devletlerin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7ine m\u00fcdahalesine ortam haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2022Me\u015frutiyeti ilan etme s\u00f6z\u00fc veren, II.Abd\u00fclhamit V.Murat’\u0131n yerine tahta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6NEM\u0130:
\n\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde ilk kez rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi oldu.
\n\u2022T\u00fcm az\u0131nl\u0131k guruplara parlamentoda temsil hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131 ilk kez y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lma, se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme haklar\u0131na kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\n\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Devletinde ilk kez Anayasal d\u00fczen kuruldu.
\n\u2022Osmanl\u0131 Parlamentosu; Padi\u015fah\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fan Ayan Meclisi ve Halk\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi milletvekillerinden olu\u015fan millet Meclisi olarak iki meclisten olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Not: 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 – Rus Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, II.Abd\u00fclhamit, parlamentoyu da\u011f\u0131tarak, Me\u015frutiyet rejimini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, 30 y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131k\u0131, bir y\u00f6netim izlemi\u015ftir. TANZ\u0130MAT FERMANI (TANZ\u0130MAT-I HAYR\u0130YE) (G\u00dcLHANE HATT-I H\u00dcMAYUNU) – 3 KASIM 1839 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131n\u0131, Londra el\u00e7ili\u011finden D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen “Mustafa Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa” haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ferman, Topkap\u0131 saray\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fclhane bah\u00e7esinde, padi\u015fah, sadrazam, yabanc\u0131 devletlerin el\u00e7ileri, patrikler, b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet memurlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde “Mustafa Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa ” taraf\u0131ndan okunmu\u015ftur. Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bozulmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 nedeniyle Sultan II. Mahmud d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan yenilik hareketleri … Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,224],"tags":[687,496,689,688,271],"class_list":["post-2177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dn","category-edebiyat-dil-anlatim","tag-abdulmecid-i","tag-namik-kemal","tag-sultan","tag-topkapi-palace","tag-turkey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2177\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"