{"id":2078,"date":"2010-05-25T19:10:06","date_gmt":"2010-05-25T17:10:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/?p=2078"},"modified":"2010-05-25T19:11:48","modified_gmt":"2010-05-25T17:11:48","slug":"sanayilesme-ve-sehirlesmenin-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/sanayilesme-ve-sehirlesmenin-etkileri.html","title":{"rendered":"Sanayile\u015fme ve \u015eehirle\u015fmenin Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eehirlerin do\u011fu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>10. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019da \u015fehirlerin do\u011fu\u015fu, Bat\u0131 Avrupa tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu.<br \/>\n\u2013 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u015fehirler birer de\u011fi\u015fim ve imalat yeri haline geldi<br \/>\n\u2013 \u015eehirler birer de\u011fi\u015fim yeri olmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca s\u0131nai faaliyetler de malikanelerden \u015fehirlere kayd\u0131<br \/>\n\u2013 \u015eehirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin temelinde y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi bulunuyordu<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0130nsanlar biri itici, di\u011feri \u00e7ekici g\u00fcc\u00fcn etkisiyle \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyorlard\u0131 <br \/>\n\u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7: Pek \u00e7ok serf malikanede s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekiyordu. Bu durumdan kurtulmas\u0131 ancak o b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmesine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<br \/>\n\u00c7ekici G\u00fc\u00e7: \u015eehirler bir yenilik unsuru, talihi deneme \u015fans\u0131 idi. \u015eehir yeni ve dinamik bir d\u00fcnya idi.<br \/>\n\u201c\u015eehir havas\u0131 insan\u0131 h\u00fcr yapar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc bir atas\u00f6z\u00fc haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong> Sanayide Ya\u015fanan Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2013 10 ve 12. yy\u2019larda imalat faaliyetleri \u015fehirlere kayd\u0131<br \/>\n\u2013 \u0130malat faaliyetleri art\u0131k ihtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekteydi<br \/>\n\u2013 Sanayinin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. 10. ve 11. yy\u2019lardan itibaren 14. yy\u2019a kadar \u00fcretim geni\u015fledi.<br \/>\n\u2013 \u00dcretimdeki bu art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen s\u0131nai \u00fcretim birimleri Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemi boyunca hep k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kald\u0131.<br \/>\n\u2013 Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da ideal \u00fcretici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kalfa ve \u00e7\u0131raklar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00fcretim yapan ustalard\u0131.<br \/>\n\u2013 \u015eehirlerde imalat faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten esnaflar, loncalarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015flerdi.<br \/>\n\u2013\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Esnaf loncalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehir ticareti \u00fczerindeki tekelci uygulamalar nedeniyle do\u011fdu\u011fu kabul edilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu, temelinde sosyal bir hareket olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ekonomik ya\u015famdan k\u00fclt\u00fcre kadar hayat\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen temel bir de\u011fi\u015fim arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde 1950&#8217;li y\u0131llardan sonra belli sosyo &#8211; ekonomik \u015fartlar neticesinde k\u0131rsal alanlardan \u015fehirlere do\u011fru ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi, bug\u00fcn kentlerimizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eehirle\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eehirle\u015fme, bir \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfusunun belir\u00acli bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u015fehir merkezlerinde ya\u015fama oran\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 dile getirir. Her ne kadar \u015fehirler sosyal, siyasal ve iktisadi olarak da\u00acima \u00f6nemli olmu\u015flarsa da, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sanayile\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n \u015fehirle\u015f\u00acmesi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ve k\u0131sa bir zaman zarf\u0131nda ol\u00acmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1800 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere&#8217;de n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 24&#8217;\u00fc \u015fehirliyken 1900 y\u0131l\u0131n\u00acda bu oran y\u00fczde 77&#8217;ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Halen t\u00fcm bu toplumlar i\u00e7in \u015fehirle\u015fmeyi S-bi-\u00e7irnli bir e\u011fri takip etmi\u015ftir; \u00f6nce \u00e7ok usulca temelleri at\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fler ve ard\u0131ndan yava\u015f\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6ker, hatta daha b\u00fc\u00acy\u00fck kenar mahallelerin geli\u015fmesiyle yava\u015f\u00ac\u00e7a tersine d\u00f6ner. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda vuku bulan n\u00fcfusun oran\u0131ndaki bu h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00ac\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131rsal kesimden \u015fehire g\u00f6\u00e7 yoluyla ol\u00acmu\u015ftur. Ne var ki daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u015fe\u00achirle\u015fmekte olan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f az geli\u015fmi\u015f top\u00aclumlarda art\u0131\u015f, daha ziyade \u015fehir n\u00fcfusun\u00acdaki normal art\u0131\u015ftan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve t\u0131bbi kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011fland\u0131k\u00e7a da tek bir \u015fehirde toplanmaya e\u011filim duyul\u00acmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><br class=\"spacer_\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eehirlerin do\u011fu\u015fu 10. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019da \u015fehirlerin do\u011fu\u015fu, Bat\u0131 Avrupa tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. \u2013 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u015fehirler birer de\u011fi\u015fim ve imalat yeri haline geldi \u2013 \u015eehirler birer de\u011fi\u015fim yeri olmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca s\u0131nai faaliyetler de malikanelerden \u015fehirlere kayd\u0131 \u2013 \u015eehirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin temelinde y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi bulunuyordu \u2013 \u0130nsanlar biri itici, di\u011feri &#8230; <a title=\"Sanayile\u015fme ve \u015eehirle\u015fmenin Etkileri\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/sanayilesme-ve-sehirlesmenin-etkileri.html\" aria-label=\"More on Sanayile\u015fme ve \u015eehirle\u015fmenin Etkileri\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,7],"tags":[659,288,658,655,654,657,656],"class_list":["post-2078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cografya","category-dn","tag-gebze","tag-goc","tag-goc-ve-kentlesme","tag-sanayilesme","tag-sehirlerin-dogusu","tag-sehirlerin-gelisimi","tag-sehirlesme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2078\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorubak.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}